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86-1009: The brand was created by Swedish Match , a subsidiary of Philip Morris International since 2022. It is mainly distributed in the United States, where it represented over 70% of the nicotine pouch industry in 2023, but it is also available in Scandinavia, the UK and other countries, primarily in Europe. Zyn pouches were initially launched on a small scale in the US market, first being marketed in Colorado , and then in various western US states during 2016. Zyn pouches also began to be marketed in Sweden in 2016. From 2017 to 2019 one of Swedish Match's US plants, located in Owensboro, Kentucky ,

172-425: A broken bone ), air, cancer cells or clumps of bacteria (usually from infectious endocarditis ). Because an embolus arises from elsewhere, local therapy solves the problem only temporarily. Thus, the source of the embolus must be identified. Because the embolic blockage is sudden in onset, symptoms are usually maximal at the start. Also, symptoms may be transient as the embolus is partially resorbed and moves to

258-459: A physical exam and supported by medical imaging such as a CT scan or MRI scan . A CT scan can rule out bleeding, but may not necessarily rule out ischemia, which early on typically does not show up on a CT scan. Other tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood tests are done to determine risk factors and possible causes. Low blood sugar may cause similar symptoms. Prevention includes decreasing risk factors, surgery to open up

344-614: A chewing tobacco brand introduced in the U.S. in 1904) and the Dutch cigar producer Willem II were acquired between 1968 and 1989. In 1989, Procodia was listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. Volvo acquired part of Procordia in 1990 and became the principal owner together with the Swedish government. To complement the tobacco business, Procordia, in 1992, acquired the match and lighter company Swedish Match from Nederlight. In 1992,

430-444: A complete blockage of one of the carotid arteries, the risk of stroke on that side is about one percent per year. A special form of embolic stroke is the embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). This subset of cryptogenic stroke is defined as a non-lacunar brain infarct without proximal arterial stenosis or cardioembolic sources. About one out of six cases of ischemic stroke could be classified as ESUS. Cerebral hypoperfusion

516-441: A different location or dissipates altogether. Emboli most commonly arise from the heart (especially in atrial fibrillation ) but may originate from elsewhere in the arterial tree. In paradoxical embolism , a deep vein thrombosis embolizes through an atrial or ventricular septal defect in the heart into the brain. Causes of stroke related to the heart can be distinguished between high- and low-risk: Among those who have

602-400: A high risk for ischemic stroke. There are two main types of hemorrhagic stroke: The above two main types of hemorrhagic stroke are also two different forms of intracranial hemorrhage , which is the accumulation of blood anywhere within the cranial vault ; but the other forms of intracranial hemorrhage, such as epidural hematoma (bleeding between the skull and the dura mater , which is

688-547: A new state-owned company named Svenska Tobaks AB. In 1971, the ownership of the tobacco group was transferred to Statsföretag , the Swedish Sovereign Wealth Fund , which in 1984 was renamed Procordia. As a result of the monopoly being abolished and in order to broaden the market, the Dutch cigar company Elisabeth Bas/La Paz (EBAS), the American tobacco manufacturer Pinkerton Tobacco Company (maker of Red Man,

774-441: A person, when asked to raise both arms, involuntarily lets one arm drift downward) and abnormal speech are the findings most likely to lead to the correct identification of a case of stroke, increasing the likelihood by 5.5 when at least one of these is present. Similarly, when all three of these are absent, the likelihood of stroke is decreased (– likelihood ratio of 0.39). While these findings are not perfect for diagnosing stroke,

860-404: A previous TIA , end-stage kidney disease , and atrial fibrillation . Ischemic stroke is typically caused by blockage of a blood vessel, though there are also less common causes. Hemorrhagic stroke is caused by either bleeding directly into the brain or into the space between the brain's membranes . Bleeding may occur due to a ruptured brain aneurysm . Diagnosis is typically based on

946-452: A problem. Its appearance makes it advisable to seek medical review and to consider prevention against stroke . In thrombotic stroke, a thrombus (blood clot) usually forms around atherosclerotic plaques. Since blockage of the artery is gradual, onset of symptomatic thrombotic stroke is slower than that of hemorrhagic stroke. A thrombus itself (even if it does not completely block the blood vessel) can lead to an embolic stroke (see below) if

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1032-399: A producer of chew bags and snus, and in 2018, Oliver Twist, a producer of tobacco bits. Both companies are Danish and now fully owned by Swedish Match. Also in 2018, Swedish Match bought a 95 percent stake in the Swedish company Gotlandssnus, which produces snus. In 2022, Swedish Match's shares hit record high as Philip Morris International (PMI) closed a $ 16 billion dollar deal with

1118-540: A severe headache known as a thunderclap headache ) or reveal evidence of a previous head injury . Stroke may be preceded by premonitory symptoms, which may indicate a stroke is imminent. These symptoms may include dizziness, dysarthria (speech disorder), exhaustion, hemiparesis (weakness on one side of the body), paresthesia (tingling, pricking, chilling, burning, numbness of the skin), pathological laughter, seizure that turns into paralysis, "thunderclap" headache, or vomiting. Premonitory symptoms are not diagnostic of

1204-458: A significant increase in Swedish Match's revenues from 2020 onwards. The company sold nearly 130 million nicotine pouch cans in the US in 2020 and nearly 198 million in 2021. According to Philip Morris International, 384.8 million Zyn cans were sold worldwide in 2023, up 62% from 237 million cans in 2022. Between 2019 and 2022, Swedish Match had a market share of around 60% in nicotine pouches in

1290-432: A stroke, and may be a sign of other illness. Assessing onset (gradual or sudden), duration, and the presence of other associated symptoms are important, and premonitory symptoms may not appear at all or may vary depending on the type of stroke. Stroke symptoms typically start suddenly, over seconds to minutes, and in most cases do not progress further. The symptoms depend on the area of the brain affected. The more extensive

1376-415: A subarachnoid hemorrhage or an embolic stroke. If the area of the brain affected includes one of the three prominent central nervous system pathways —the spinothalamic tract , corticospinal tract , and the dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway , symptoms may include: In most cases, the symptoms affect only one side of the body (unilateral). The defect in the brain is usually on the opposite side of

1462-501: Is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to a part of the brain causes cell death . There are two main types of stroke: ischemic , due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic , due to bleeding . Both cause parts of the brain to stop functioning properly. Signs and symptoms of stroke may include an inability to move or feel on one side of the body , problems understanding or speaking , dizziness , or loss of vision to one side . Signs and symptoms often appear soon after

1548-400: Is a related syndrome of stroke symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours. With the availability of treatments that can reduce stroke severity when given early, many now prefer alternative terminology, such as "brain attack" and "acute ischemic cerebrovascular syndrome" (modeled after heart attack and acute coronary syndrome , respectively), to reflect the urgency of stroke symptoms and

1634-561: Is active in the smokeless products category, with several types of smokeless products, as well as in the other products category, with cigars. For nicotine pouches in 2019, Swedish Match was number one in the U.S. market, with 84 percent. The main competitors, in descending order, were BAT (Reynolds American) and Altria. For moist snuff in 2019, Swedish Match was number three in the U.S. market, with 8 percent. The main competitors, in descending order, were Altria (USSTC) and BAT (Reynolds American). For chewing tobacco in 2019, Swedish Match

1720-409: Is an irritant which could potentially destroy cells since it is an acid and disrupts the normal acid-base balance in the brain. The ischemia area is referred to as the "ischemic penumbra ". After the initial ischemic event the penumbra transitions from a tissue remodeling characterized by damage to a remodeling characterized by repair. As oxygen or glucose becomes depleted in ischemic brain tissue,

1806-418: Is called stroke rehabilitation , and ideally takes place in a stroke unit; however, these are not available in much of the world. In 2023, 15 million people worldwide had a stroke. In 2021, stroke was the third biggest cause of death, responsible for approximately 10% of total deaths. In 2015, there were about 42.4 million people who had previously had stroke and were still alive. Between 1990 and 2010

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1892-428: Is caused by interruption of the blood supply to the brain, while hemorrhagic stroke results from the rupture of a blood vessel or an abnormal vascular structure . About 87% of stroke is ischemic, with the rest being hemorrhagic. Bleeding can develop inside areas of ischemia, a condition known as " hemorrhagic transformation ." It is unknown how many cases of hemorrhagic stroke actually start as ischemic stroke. In

1978-781: Is international except North America, with a focus on Europe. The US Division produces chewing tobacco, cigars, moist snuff and nicotine pouches for the American market. It is also responsible for sales and marketing in the United States. The Lights division manufactures and markets matches and lighters, with production in Brazil, the Netherlands, the Philippines, and Sweden. The main markets are Europe, Asia, Brazil and parts of Africa. The division also sells complementary products, mainly in Brazil. Swedish Match operates in eleven countries and has production units in seven of those: Brazil, Denmark,

2064-442: Is less reliable in the recognition of posterior circulation stroke. The revised mnemonic BE FAST , which adds balance (sudden trouble keeping balance while walking or standing) and eyesight (new onset of blurry or double vision or sudden, painless loss of sight) to the assessment, has been proposed to address this shortcoming and improve early detection of stroke even further. Other scales for prehospital detection of stroke include

2150-679: Is since 2009 certified according to the Forest Stewardship Council chain of custody standard and the standard for controlled wood. The matches are manufactured according to the European match standards EN 1783:1997. 40 percent of the production is sold in Europe and 60 percent to Africa, Central America, The Caribbean, Oceania and the Middle East. The Swedish manufacturing facilities are located in Tidaholm and Vetlanda . In Brazil, 95% of

2236-409: Is the reduction of blood flow to all parts of the brain. The reduction could be to a particular part of the brain depending on the cause. It is most commonly due to heart failure from cardiac arrest or arrhythmias , or from reduced cardiac output as a result of myocardial infarction , pulmonary embolism , pericardial effusion , or bleeding. Hypoxemia (low blood oxygen content) may precipitate

2322-447: Is the second leading cause of death in people under 20 with sickle-cell anemia. Air pollution may also increase stroke risk. An embolic stroke refers to an arterial embolism (a blockage of an artery) by an embolus , a traveling particle or debris in the arterial bloodstream originating from elsewhere. An embolus is most frequently a thrombus, but it can also be a number of other substances including fat (e.g., from bone marrow in

2408-422: The cerebral cortex is involved, the central nervous system pathways can again be affected, but can also produce the following symptoms: If the cerebellum is involved, ataxia might be present and this includes: In the days before a stroke (generally in the previous 7 days, even the previous one), a considerable proportion of patients have a "sentinel headache": a severe and unusual headache that indicates

2494-617: The Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (LAPSS) and the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS), on which the FAST method was based. Use of these scales is recommended by professional guidelines. For people referred to the emergency room , early recognition of stroke is deemed important as this can expedite diagnostic tests and treatments. A scoring system called ROSIER (recognition of stroke in

2580-487: The ventricular system , CSF or the pial surface. A third of intracerebral bleed is into the brain's ventricles. ICH has a mortality rate of 44 percent after 30 days, higher than ischemic stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage (which technically may also be classified as a type of stroke ). Other causes may include spasm of an artery. This may occur due to cocaine . Cancer is also another well recognized potential cause of stroke. Although, malignancy in general can increase

2666-537: The 1970s the World Health Organization defined "stroke" as a "neurological deficit of cerebrovascular cause that persists beyond 24 hours or is interrupted by death within 24 hours", although the word "stroke" is centuries old. This definition was supposed to reflect the reversibility of tissue damage and was devised for the purpose, with the time frame of 24 hours being chosen arbitrarily. The 24-hour limit divides stroke from transient ischemic attack , which

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2752-456: The Bamford or Oxford classification) relies primarily on the initial symptoms; based on the extent of the symptoms, the stroke episode is classified as total anterior circulation infarct (TACI), partial anterior circulation infarct (PACI), lacunar infarct (LACI) or posterior circulation infarct (POCI). These four entities predict the extent of the stroke, the area of the brain that is affected,

2838-563: The British match company Bryant and May in 1927, it became the world's largest match manufacturer. A year later, STAB was listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. In 1930, the company controlled 60 percent of the world's match production and was the sole owner of match companies in 33 countries. Following the death of Ivar Kreuger in 1932, the ownership structure in STAB changed and a number of factories were liquidated. During 1938, STAB's share of

2924-518: The Dominican Republic, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Sweden and the US. The company has 15 factories. The table below presents an overview of Swedish Match's operations as of 2021: Production of matches and lighters The matches produced by Swedish Match are safety matches and are manufactured in Sweden and Brazil. The entity that produces matches in Sweden, Swedish Match Industries AB,

3010-596: The STG umbrella, spun off STG as a public company. Swedish Match's cigar business is now limited to machine-made mass-production brands such as White Owl and Garcia y Vega. Swedish Match supplies matches worldwide. The main markets for matches are Europe, Asia and the Americas. For lighters, the most important markets are Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia, Russia, Scandinavia, France and UK. In 2021, 59 billion matchsticks were produced and 325 million lighters. Sales for matches and lighters

3096-400: The Swedish government founded AB Svenska Tobaksmonopolet and nationalized all Swedish tobacco production plants. The monopoly was introduced in order to give the government funds to finance the country's military defense and a new national pension system. During the 1960s, the monopoly on production, import and sale of tobacco was abolished in Sweden. Svenska Tobaksmonopolet was converted to

3182-546: The US moist snuff/snus is approximately 1.745 billion cans per year (345 million cans in Scandinavia and 1.4 billion cans in the US). The snus market in the US is about $ 175 million, and Swedish Match has about 10 percent of the market. In 2014, the US cigar market was estimated to more than 5 billion cigars (excluding little cigars ) of which Swedish Match produced 1.1 billion sticks of cigars. The cigar market grew 9 percent compared to 2013 in terms of volume. Swedish Match's share

3268-477: The US with the Zyn brand. From 2023, the brand's market share has grown to over 70%. Consumption of nicotine pouches result in levels of nicotine in the blood that are similar to those from cigarettes. Various tobacco-control advocates allege that the pouches constitute gateway products for youth; eventually leading to the consumption of traditional cigarettes or other tobacco containing products. In 2021, Swedish Match

3354-408: The US. The distribution of General snus has increased over the years, from being sold in approximately 10,000 stores in 2012 to more than 24,000 stores by the end of 2014. For the US, snus is a relatively new category while the main smokeless category is moist snuff. Moist snuff is made using fermentation. Snus is made using a steam heat process (much like pasteurisation) and is usually placed under

3440-443: The United States, the Dominican Republic, Brazil, the Netherlands, and the Philippines. The company's origins can be traced back to 1868, and Ivar Kreuger . Swedish Match has played an important part in Sweden's industrial development. In May 2022, Philip Morris launched a takeover bid for Swedish Match. Despite some shareholder resistance, by late November 2022 Philip Morris had acquired over 90% ownership, allowing it to begin

3526-467: The United States. The collaboration placed test markets in Tel Aviv, Israel; St. Petersburg, Russia; Taiwan; and nationwide Canada. The joint venture was, however, dissolved in 2015. In 2010, Swedish Match and Scandinavian Tobacco Group (STG) formed a new company specialized in cigars. Swedish Match brought its entire cigar business (with the exception of U.S. mass market cigars) and pipe tobacco into

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3612-491: The acquisition of Jönköpings Tändsticksfabrik . In 1992, the tobacco and lights operations were joined in the Procordia Group. Two years later, they were merged into an independent company named Swedish Match, which became publicly listed in 1996. During parts of its existence, most recently between 2010 and 2015, the company has been headquartered in the so-called Matchstick Palace , commissioned by Ivar Kreuger in

3698-649: The annual incidence of stroke decreased by approximately 10% in the developed world , but increased by 10% in the developing world. In 2015, stroke was the second most frequent cause of death after coronary artery disease , accounting for 6.3 million deaths (11% of the total). About 3.0 million deaths resulted from ischemic stroke while 3.3 million deaths resulted from hemorrhagic stroke. About half of people who have had stroke live less than one year. Overall, two thirds of cases of stroke occurred in those over 65 years old. Stroke can be classified into two major categories: ischemic and hemorrhagic . Ischemic stroke

3784-501: The area of the brain affected, the more functions that are likely to be lost. Some forms of stroke can cause additional symptoms. For example, in intracranial hemorrhage, the affected area may compress other structures. Most forms of stroke are not associated with a headache , apart from subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral venous thrombosis and occasionally intracerebral hemorrhage. Systems have been proposed to increase recognition of stroke. Sudden-onset face weakness, arm drift (i.e., if

3870-493: The arteries to the brain in those with problematic carotid narrowing , and anticoagulant medication in people with atrial fibrillation . Aspirin or statins may be recommended by physicians for prevention. Stroke is a medical emergency. Ischemic strokes, if detected within three to four-and-a-half hours, may be treatable with medication that can break down the clot , while hemorrhagic strokes sometimes benefit from surgery . Treatment to attempt recovery of lost function

3956-486: The article headline stating "Use nicotine, win an iPad!" Nicotine pouches are addictive and the long-term health effects remain unknown due to the lack of history for the recreational use of non-tobacco snus . However, while not carcinogenic , nicotine is a vasoconstrictor that moderately harms cardiovascular health, which can cause higher risks for cardiovascular diseases , stroke , and reproductive harm if used over long-term periods. Among side effects associated with

4042-401: The blood supply by narrowing the lumen of blood vessels leading to a reduction of blood flow by causing the formation of blood clots within the vessel or by releasing showers of small emboli through the disintegration of atherosclerotic plaques. Embolic infarction occurs when emboli formed elsewhere in the circulatory system, typically in the heart as a consequence of atrial fibrillation, or in

4128-471: The body. However, since these pathways also travel in the spinal cord and any lesion there can also produce these symptoms, the presence of any one of these symptoms does not necessarily indicate stroke. In addition to the above central nervous system pathways, the brainstem gives rise to most of the twelve cranial nerves . A brainstem stroke affecting the brainstem and brain, therefore, can produce symptoms relating to deficits in these cranial nerves: If

4214-504: The brain and places the person at increased risk for both transient ischemic attack and major stroke in the future. Conversely, those who have had major stroke are also at risk of having silent stroke. In a broad study in 1998, more than 11 million people were estimated to have experienced stroke in the United States. Approximately 770,000 of these were symptomatic and 11 million were first-ever silent MRI infarcts or hemorrhages . Silent stroke typically causes lesions which are detected via

4300-426: The carotid arteries, break off, enter the cerebral circulation, then lodge in and block brain blood vessels. Since blood vessels in the brain are now blocked, the brain becomes low in energy, and thus it resorts to using anaerobic metabolism within the region of brain tissue affected by ischemia. Anaerobic metabolism produces less adenosine triphosphate (ATP) but releases a by-product called lactic acid . Lactic acid

4386-424: The cells of the nervous system is normally kept low by so-called uptake carriers, which are powered by the concentration gradients of ions (mainly Na ) across the cell membrane. However, stroke cuts off the supply of oxygen and glucose which powers the ion pumps maintaining these gradients. As a result, the transmembrane ion gradients run down, and glutamate transporters reverse their direction, releasing glutamate into

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4472-522: The company sold its cigarette manufacturing to Austria Tabak but is still active as a distributor of cigarettes on the Swedish market. In the same year, Swedish Match expanded its cooperation with PT. Java Match Factory ( Jamafac ), the biggest safety matches manufacturer in Indonesia , to a joint venture agreement in order to strengthen its position within lights and matches in Southeast Asia. Jamafac

4558-448: The company transferred its US premium cigar and European cigar businesses, as well as its pipe tobacco and accessories businesses, to a new company named Scandinavian Tobacco Group , while receiving a 49 percent ownership stake in the new company. In an effort to expand its snus business outside of Sweden and Norway, the company has, since 2009, been selling its Scandinavian market leading brand of snus, General, at tobacco retailers in

4644-622: The company. PMI completed the acquisition and eventually delisted Swedish Match. Snus, moist snuff, cigars, chewing tobacco, chew bags, tobacco bits, matches and lighters are the main products made by Swedish Match. The company also sells complementary products, such as razors, batteries and light bulbs, on the Brazilian market. The organizational structure consists of three divisions, along with corporate functions. The Europe division develops, manufactures, markets and sells snus, nicotine pouches and other smokeless products. The geographic scope

4730-411: The compulsory purchase of remaining shares and de-list Swedish Match from the stock market. The operations of Swedish Match originate from two companies: Svenska Tobaksmonopolet , a tobacco monopoly owned by the Swedish state and founded in 1915, and Svenska Tändsticks Aktiebolaget (STAB), a match manufacturing company founded in 1917 by Ivar Kreuger (also known as the ”Match King”) in connection with

4816-509: The consumption of nicotine pouches, users reported gum irritation, hiccups or nausea . Swedish Match Swedish Match AB is a Swedish multinational tobacco company headquartered in Stockholm . The company manufactures snus , nicotine pouches , moist snuff , tobacco- and nicotine-free pouch products, chewing tobacco , chew bags, tobacco bits, cigars , matches , lighters , and other fire products with operations in Sweden, Denmark,

4902-411: The emergency room) is recommended for this purpose; it is based on features from the medical history and physical examination. Loss of consciousness , headache , and vomiting usually occur more often in hemorrhagic stroke than in thrombosis because of the increased intracranial pressure from the leaking blood compressing the brain. If symptoms are maximal at onset, the cause is more likely to be

4988-685: The fact that they can be evaluated relatively rapidly and easily make them very valuable in the acute setting. A mnemonic to remember the warning signs of stroke is FAST (facial droop, arm weakness, speech difficulty, and time to call emergency services), as advocated by the Department of Health (United Kingdom) and the Stroke Association , the American Stroke Association , and the National Stroke Association (US). FAST

5074-535: The hypoperfusion. Because the reduction in blood flow is global, all parts of the brain may be affected, especially vulnerable "watershed" areas—border zone regions supplied by the major cerebral arteries. A watershed stroke refers to the condition when the blood supply to these areas is compromised. Blood flow to these areas does not necessarily stop, but instead it may lessen to the point where brain damage can occur. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis leads to stroke due to locally increased venous pressure, which exceeds

5160-462: The late 1920s. In 1917, Ivar Kreuger founded Svenska Tändsticks Aktiebolaget (STAB) in Jönköping (also known as "City of the matches"). It was a merger between Aktiebolaget Förenade Tändsticksfabriker and Jönköpings & Vulcans Tändsticksfabriksaktiebolag. By expanding through acquisition of government-created monopolies by lending money to the governments, and through mergers with for instance

5246-532: The listed company Procordia acquired the match and lighter business named Swedish Match. The operations of Swedish Match were integrated with Procordia United Brands, one of Procordia's business operations, and was renamed Swedish Match to take advantage of international name recognition. In 1994, Swedish Match functioned as an independent company and was later, in 1996, listed on the OMX Nordic Exchange Stockholm AB and on Nasdaq. In 1999,

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5332-683: The main competitors, in descending order, were Imperial Brands, BAT, and Japan Tobacco International. In Norway, the main competitors, in descending order, were Imperial Brands and BAT. In the US, Swedish Match produces and distributes the Longhorn, Timber Wolf and Red Man brands of moist snuff . The company also expanded into the United States premium cigar business by purchasing General Cigar Company Inc. (producer of non-Cuban versions of Macanudo, Partagas and Punch) from Edgar Cullman and El Credito Cigar Company (producer of La Gloria Cubana and El Rico Habano) from Ernesto Perez-Carrillo . In October 2010,

5418-482: The need to act swiftly. During ischemic stroke, blood supply to part of the brain is decreased, leading to dysfunction of the brain tissue in that area. There are four reasons why this might happen: Stroke without an obvious explanation is termed cryptogenic stroke ( idiopathic ); this constitutes 30–40% of all cases of ischemic stroke. There are classification systems for acute ischemic stroke. The Oxford Community Stroke Project classification (OCSP, also known as

5504-413: The new company, while STG transferred all of its tobacco business. The new company took over the name Scandinavian Tobacco Group . Swedish Match became a partner with 49 percent of the company, and the remaining shares were owned by Skandinavisk Holding A/S. In 2016, STG became publicly listed, and Swedish Match sold most of its shares in the company. In 2017, Swedish Match acquired V2 Tobacco,

5590-506: The nicotine to diffuse out of the pouch when moistened. They are designed to be placed between the user's upper lip and gum, or between the gum and cheek, and used for up to one hour. According to Swedish Match, sales of Zyn in the US totaled 12.7 million cans in 2018 and 50.4 million in 2019. The company said in its annual report that 2018 was the first year it became profitable in the US in the snus and nicotine pouches segment. Sales of Zyn pouches have then grown rapidly and have contributed to

5676-645: The operating profit. Swedish Match generates most of its sales in Scandinavia and the US(93 percent of company sales in 2021) but also has a significant worldwide presence through its matches and lighters businesses. Scandinavia and the US are the primary markets for Swedish Match's smokefree products. The company is market leader in snus in both Sweden and Norway. In 2021, the operating profit for smokefree products (chew bags, tobacco bits, snus, moist snuff, nicotine pouches and chewing tobacco) increased to 5,998 MSEK (5,142 MSEK in 2021). The market for Scandinavian snus and

5762-721: The pressure generated by the arteries. Infarcts are more likely to undergo hemorrhagic transformation (leaking of blood into the damaged area) than other types of ischemic stroke. It generally occurs in small arteries or arterioles and is commonly due to hypertension, intracranial vascular malformations (including cavernous angiomas or arteriovenous malformations ), cerebral amyloid angiopathy , or infarcts into which secondary hemorrhage has occurred. Other potential causes are trauma, bleeding disorders , amyloid angiopathy , illicit drug use (e.g., amphetamines or cocaine ). The hematoma enlarges until pressure from surrounding tissue limits its growth, or until it decompresses by emptying into

5848-423: The production of high energy phosphate compounds such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) fails, leading to failure of energy-dependent processes (such as ion pumping) necessary for tissue cell survival. This sets off a series of interrelated events that result in cellular injury and death. A major cause of neuronal injury is the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. The concentration of glutamate outside

5934-605: The purchase of the Danish company AG Snus. Zyn pouches have experienced rapid growth in popularity among American consumers, especially from 2023 onwards. Zyn pouches are sold in round cans containing 15 or 20 pouches depending on the market. Pouches are available in different levels of nicotine strength (such as 3 or 6 milligrams per pouch in the US) and different flavored and unflavored varieties. The pouches contain nicotine extracted from tobacco leaves, and food grade ingredients. The pouches themselves are made of plant fibers, which allow

6020-462: The risk of stroke, certain types of cancer such as pancreatic, lung and gastric are typically associated with a higher thromboembolism risk. The mechanism with which cancer increases stroke risk is thought to be secondary to an acquired hypercoagulability . Silent stroke is stroke that does not have any outward symptoms, and people are typically unaware they had experienced stroke. Despite not causing identifiable symptoms, silent stroke still damages

6106-504: The stroke has occurred. If symptoms last less than 24 hours, the stroke is a transient ischemic attack (TIA), also called a mini-stroke. Hemorrhagic stroke may also be associated with a severe headache . The symptoms of stroke can be permanent. Long-term complications may include pneumonia and loss of bladder control . The biggest risk factor for stroke is high blood pressure . Other risk factors include high blood cholesterol , tobacco smoking , obesity , diabetes mellitus ,

6192-592: The thick outermost layer of the meninges that surround the brain) and subdural hematoma (bleeding in the subdural space ), are not considered "hemorrhagic stroke". Hemorrhagic stroke may occur on the background of alterations to the blood vessels in the brain, such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy , cerebral arteriovenous malformation and an intracranial aneurysm , which can cause intraparenchymal or subarachnoid hemorrhage. In addition to neurological impairment, hemorrhagic stroke usually causes specific symptoms (for instance, subarachnoid hemorrhage classically causes

6278-479: The thrombus breaks off and travels in the bloodstream, at which point it is called an embolus . Two types of thrombosis can cause stroke: Anemia causes increase blood flow in the blood circulatory system. This causes the endothelial cells of the blood vessels to express adhesion factors which encourages the clotting of blood and formation of thrombus. Sickle-cell anemia , which can cause blood cells to clump up and block blood vessels, can also lead to stroke. Stroke

6364-681: The underlying cause, and the prognosis. The TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) classification is based on clinical symptoms as well as results of further investigations; on this basis, stroke is classified as being due to (1) thrombosis or embolism due to atherosclerosis of a large artery, (2) an embolism originating in the heart , (3) complete blockage of a small blood vessel, (4) other determined cause, (5) undetermined cause (two possible causes, no cause identified, or incomplete investigation). Users of stimulants such as cocaine and methamphetamine are at

6450-468: The upper lip, which means that spitting is not necessary. Swedish Match's board after the annual general meeting in 2021: President and CEO: Lennart Sundén, 1998–2004 Sven Hindrikes, 2004–2008 Conny Karlsson (born 1955) is chairman of the board since 2007 and board member since 2006. Lars Dahlgren (born 1970) is president and CEO of Swedish Match since 2008. Since 2023 Philip Morris owns 100% of Swedish Match AB. Stroke Stroke

6536-407: The use of neuroimaging such as MRI . Silent stroke is estimated to occur at five times the rate of symptomatic stroke. The risk of silent stroke increases with age, but they may also affect younger adults and children, especially those with acute anemia . Ischemic stroke occurs because of a loss of blood supply to part of the brain, initiating the ischemic cascade . Atherosclerosis may disrupt

6622-680: The wood consumption for safety matches and matchboxes is from Swedish Match's own plantations. Swedish Match produces lighters in the Philippines, the Netherlands and Brazil. While today's Swedish Match still produces matches, the majority of its sales and operating profits comes from its smokeless tobacco products such as snus, nicotine pouches, moist snuff and chewing tobacco. In 2021, these smokeless products accounted for 67 percent of sales and 74 percent of Swedish Match's operating profit, whereas matches and lighters accounted for 7 percent of sales and 4 percent of operating profit. Swedish Match's cigars accounted for 26 percent of sales and 23 percent of

6708-472: The world's matchmaking fell to 20 percent. When the match market declined sharply in the 1950s, STAB looked for new business ventures and acquired more than 50 companies between 1968 and 1976. In 1980, Svenska Tändsticks AB changed its name to Swedish Match to create unity throughout the group. In 1988 the company was acquired by Stora AB and was sold two years later to Nederlight. After another two years, Procordia acquired Swedish Match. In 1915,

6794-589: Was 1,338 MSEK (1,149 MSEK in 2020) and the operating profit increased by 0.8 percent to 1,453 MSEK (1,382 MSEK in 2020). Below are Swedish Match's main brands along with market information as of 2021: Swedish Match is also active on the Brazilian market with disposable razors, batteries, light bulbs and toothpicks under the Fiat Lux brand. In 2019, cigarettes made up 88 percent of the global tobacco market by value, smokeless products 2 percent and other products, which includes e-cigarettes , 10 percent. Swedish Match

6880-505: Was acquired by Philip Morris International . Zyn has been identified among the strategic brands acquired by the tobacco giant to achieve its vision of a "smoke-free future", alongside the company's existing portfolio of Iqos heated tobacco and Veev vaping products. Previously, Philip Morris already had nicotine pouches in its product range through the Shiro brand, acquired by PMI in May 2021 with

6966-489: Was criticized in the UK for its Zyn marketing on social media, including presenting its nicotine pouches as a supplement to regular smoking in places where smoking is banned, with the slogan "Can't smoke? Can't vape? Can Zyn". In 2024, further criticism emerged regarding Zyn's rewards program. The program, which allows users to accumulate points for purchases and redeem them for prizes, was characterized by The Guardian author Alaina Demopoulos as incentivizing nicotine use, with

7052-495: Was divested in 2005 and now has a license agreement with Swedish Match to produce matches and distribute Cricket Lighters in Indonesia. In 2009, Swedish Match entered an agreement with Philip Morris International and formed the joint venture company SMPM International, with equal stakes owned by each of the two partners, for exploring and developing new markets for snus and other smokefree tobacco products outside Scandinavia and

7138-548: Was even greater in the recent past, as a series of acquisitions between 1999 and 2010 including General Cigar and Scandinavian Tobacco Group (STG) which is the world's largest cigar producer and manufactures more than 50 percent of the world's pipe tobacco. Control of major brands such as Macanudo, Punch, Cohiba, CAO and La Gloria Cubana gave Swedish Match nearly 1/3 of the US premium cigar market in addition to its strong position in machine-made cigars. However, in 2014 Swedish Match, having reorganized its premium-cigar businesses under

7224-525: Was expanded to handle the manufacturing of Zyn pouches directly in the US. The works required an investment of $ 115 million and the new plant opened in May 2019. By the end of 2018, Zyn pouches were available in about 13,500 stores in the United States and by the end of 2020, they were available in about 100,000 US stores. Zyn pouches have also been distributed in other countries such as the UK , Switzerland , South Africa and Pakistan . In November 2022, Swedish Match

7310-483: Was number one in both the Swedish and Norwegian markets, with 61 and 55 percent, respectively. For nicotine pouches in 2019, Swedish Match was number two in the Swedish market and number three in the Norwegian market, with 26 and 15 percent, respectively. For snus and nicotine pouches combined in 2019, Swedish Match was number one in both the Swedish and Norwegian markets, with 60 and 49 percent, respectively. In Sweden,

7396-432: Was number one in the U.S. market, with 41 percent. The main competitors, in descending order, were National Tobacco, Swisher, and BAT (Reynolds American). For mass market cigars, excluding little cigars , in 2019, Swedish Match was number two in the U.S. market, with 22 percent. The main competitors, in descending order, were Swisher, Altria (Middleton), and Imperial Brands (ITG Brands). For snus in 2019, Swedish Match

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