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64-757: The House of Zrinski or Zrínyi was a Croatian - Hungarian noble family, a cadet branch of the Croatian noble tribe of Šubić , influential during the period in history marked by the Ottoman wars in Europe in the Kingdom of Croatia 's union with the Kingdom of Hungary and in the later Kingdom of Croatia as a part of the Habsburg monarchy . Notable members of this family were Bans of Croatia , considered national heroes in both Croatia and Hungary , and were particularly celebrated during

128-532: A Swedish division and took 2,000 prisoners. At Eger he saved the Holy Roman Emperor , Ferdinand III , who had been surprised at night in his camp by the offensive of Carl Gustaf Wrangel . Although he was not enthusiastic about having to fight against fellow Hungarians, subsequently he routed the army of George I Rákóczi , Ottoman-backed Prince of Transylvania , on the Upper Tisza . For his services,

192-763: A crucial role in the history of the Croatian state, both before their arrival in Zrin and later. On the other hand, they are also identified as hungarus or natio hungarica , which means "somebody from the Kingdom of Hungary ", regardless of the language spoken and nationality. They were among many noble families in the Kingdom of Hungary . In 1547, as the Ottoman threat to lands in the vicinity of Zrin grew, King Ferdinand I gave to Ban Nikola IV Zrinski lands in Međimurje County , in

256-503: A magyart – Az török áfium ellen való orvosság ( Do not hurt the Hungarians - An antidote to the Turkish poison ) or Mátyás király életéről való elmélkedések ( Reflections on the life of King Matthias ) he makes a case for a standing army, moral renewal of the nation, the re-establishment of the national kingdom, the unification of Royal Hungary with Transylvania, and, of course, the ousting of

320-687: A matter of debate. According to oral tradition, there was a Zrinski member, Martin Zrinski (1462–1508), who was hidden by the Habsburgs in a Venetian army as an officer of the cavalry in the 16th century and the Venetian Republic sent him as Martino Zdrin (or Sdrigna) to the island of Cephalonia in Greece where he eventually settled, and the family was recorded in the gold book of island's nobility as Sdrin, Sdrinia, Sdrigna, and Zrin. The family Sdrinias, with almost

384-434: A price. The nobility held many political positions, such as a Banship , and received many career promotions, especially in the military, at court and often in the higher functions in the government and judiciary. Economic analysis of nobility in Croatian realms showcase various financial statuses that were almost always dramatically bigger than the governed populate. The upper tiers of nobility controlled over 90% of wealth in

448-471: A result of this Dukedom was an increasingly popular designation by the monarch. After the 1089 revolt there was no permanent state capital , as the royal residence varied was partially destroyed and now varied from one ruler to another; five cities in total reportedly obtained the title of a royal seat: Nin (Krešimir IV), Biograd (Stephen Držislav, Krešimir IV), Knin (Zvonimir, Petar Svačić), Šibenik (Krešimir IV), and Solin (Krešimir II). According to

512-467: A tightened grip on the commoners, many nobles' personal agendas were issued through the people with land, statues, and buildings being commissioned under their name. The poor were via High Order, not allowed to look or speak to any member of the nobility and could be put to death or beheaded if one were to speak during a ceremony or formal occasion. The controversial assumption of French practices contributed to wide spread political and social elitism among

576-418: A violent contest for the throne, weakening the state dramatically. Each of the three brothers already firmly placed in the upper tier of the country's nobility required more power than was allocated to them. All three of them took hold of the armies under their jurisdiction and began to fight the armies of one another until Gojslav and Krešimir III decided to rule concurrently, with the third taking control of

640-466: Is of interest that he was the most prominent Hungarian poet in the 17th century, while his brother Peter is known for his poems in Croatian. Among the many notable personalities of the family, there were a few women. Katarina Zrinska (1625–1673), a noted poet, was born in the Frankopan family, and, having married Petar Zrinski , became the member of the Zrinski family. Her daughter, Jelena Zrinska ,

704-677: Is the author of the first epic poem , The Peril of Sziget , in Hungarian literature . Nikola was born in Csáktornya, Kingdom of Hungary (now Čakovec , Croatia ) to the Croatian Juraj V Zrinski and the Hungarian Magdolna (Magdalena) Széchy . At the court of Péter Pázmány , he was an enthusiastic student of Hungarian language and literature, although he prioritized military training. From 1635 to 1637, he accompanied Szenkviczy, one of

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768-560: The Adriatic Sea ( Adriai tengernek Syrenája ) in Vienna in 1651. The epic was composed in the manner of the classic epic poets, such as Virgil and their 16th century successor Torquato Tasso . The subject is the heroic but unsuccessful defence of Szigetvár by the author's great-grandfather, Nikola IV Zrinski ( Hungarian : Zrínyi Nikola(hadvezér) ). Many criticized the indiscriminate use of foreign words and seemingly careless metres of

832-553: The Cetin Charter that confirmed the Habsburg to be the rulers of Croatia Barons Mikl%C3%B3s Zr%C3%ADnyi Miklós Zrínyi ( Croatian : Nikola VII. Zrinski , Hungarian : Zrínyi Miklós ; 5 January 1620 – 18 November 1664) was a Croatian and Hungarian military leader, statesman and poet. He was a member of the House of Zrinski , a Croatian - Hungarian noble family. He

896-460: The Kingdom of Croatia 's nobility had various titles and forms of address that varied from region to region and position to position. The King of Croatia was afforded the right of choosing his royal handle, for example in 1941, Prince Adimone, Duke of Aosta , took the name of King Tomislav II upon his succession to the Croatian throne. Titles were exclusive to members of the King's High Court and included

960-560: The Roman curia to become more involved in the religious affairs of Croatia, which consolidated the monarchical power but disrupted his rule over the Glagolitic clergy in parts of Istria after 1060. Croatia under the at-the-time set up was composed of twelve counties and was slightly larger than in the previous kingdom. It included the closest southern Dalmatian duchy of Pagania, and its influence extended over Zahumlje , Travunia , and Duklja . As

1024-535: The Supetar Cartulary , a new king was elected by select members of the nobility which included seven bans: ban of Croatia , ban of Bosnia , ban of Slavonia etc. The bans were elected by the first six Croatian tribes, while the other six were responsible for choosing župans (see Twelve noble tribes of Croatia ). In this time the noble titles in Croatia were made analogous to those used in other parts of Europe at

1088-561: The Wesselényi conspiracy , aimed at the restoration of the independent Kingdom of Croatia and Kingdom of Hungary. However, on November 18, he was killed in a hunting accident in a place called Kursanecz (today Kuršanec, Croatia), by a wounded wild boar. To this day, rumors persist that he was assassinated on the order of the Imperial Court. While no conclusive evidence has ever been found to support this claim; however, it remains true that both

1152-728: The canons of Esztergom , on a long educative tour through the Italian Peninsula . Over the next few years, he learned the art of war in defending the Croatian frontier against the Ottoman Empire , and proved himself one of the most important commanders of the age. In 1645, during the closing stages of the Thirty Years' War , he acted against the Swedish troops in Moravia , equipping an army corps at his own expense. At Szakolcza he scattered

1216-401: The fiefs owned, called fiefs de dignité or kraljevski posjed . The Kingdom of Croatia and its nobles had many symbols, emblems and coat of arms . The seals and coats were often used as parts of clothing, shields, castles, and other objects associated with noble families. Dukes / Princes Marquesses Counts The seal of the Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia was affixed in 1527 to

1280-403: The petty nobility , his efforts failed. The king, reacting to Zrínyi's good connections to Protestants and the Hungarians of Transylvania, nominated Ferenc Wesselényi instead. The last year of his life was also a culmination of his efforts and prestige. In 1663, the Ottoman army, led by Grand Vizier Köprülü Ahmed , launched an overwhelming offensive against Royal Hungary, ultimately aiming at

1344-401: The Croatian nobility and its primary interests. The nobles of Croatia, at the time, administered a group of eleven counties ( županije ) and one banate . Each of these regions had a fortified royal town administered by a member of the royal court charged by a noble. Croatian society underwent major changes in the 10th century. Local leaders, the župani , were replaced by the retainers of

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1408-572: The Duchy of Croatia. During the reign of Peter Krešimir IV (1058–1074), the medieval Croatian kingdom reached its territorial peak and more land then ever was disseminated to the noble families. However, Krešimir managed to get the Byzantine Empire to confirm him as the supreme ruler of the Theme of Dalmatia ; this further restricted the powers of the dukes and duchesses. During this time nobles advocated for

1472-595: The Habsburg court chose not to push its advantage in order to save its strength for the brewing conflict with France over the Spanish succession. The Peace of Vasvár laid down unfavourable terms, including a tribute to the Sublime Porte (which would never be paid) against a few presents from the Ottomans - all despite the fact that Austrian-Hungarian troops maintained the upper hand. Zrínyi rushed to Vienna to protest against

1536-522: The Habsburgs and the Ottomans lost their mightiest adversary in Hungary due to his death. The village where he died was renamed Zrínyifalva in Hungarian to commemorate him. Beside being a leading military figure of 17th-century Croatia and Hungary, Zrínyi is well known for his literary works, also reflected in his often-recited epithet Zrínyi Miklós, a költő hadvezér és politikus (Hungarian for Miklós Zrínyi,

1600-725: The Imperial army, was named commander-in-chief of the Hungarian army. As a preparation for campaigns planned for 1664, Zrínyi set out to destroy the strongly fortified Suleiman Bridge (the Osijek ( Hungarian : Eszék) bridge ) which, since 1566, had linked Darda to Osijek (across the Drava and the marshes of Baranya ). Destruction of the bridge would cut off the retreat of the Ottoman Army and make any Turkish reinforcement impossible for several months. Re-capturing strong fortresses (Berzence, Babócsa,

1664-520: The Kingdom. Under the rule of the country's first King, Croatia became one of the most powerful kingdoms in the Balkans . Nobles possessed unprecedented power over the governed, and were one of the first members of royalty to advocate for monarchical absolutism . Many nobles were charged with the administration of numerous territories and at the height of the Kingdom's power royals ruled nearly eleven separate countries and dozens of extended domains. Croatia

1728-548: The Queen consort and the following: The titles were usually followed by the full name or more commonly by their surname. The title of a duke is the highest of the nobility. A marquess is a nobleman of hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. A count is a title in European countries for a noble of varying status, but historically deemed to convey an approximate rank intermediate between

1792-741: The Turks". Emperor Leopold offered him the title of prince, while Pope Alexander VII struck a commemorative medal with the effigy of Zrínyi as a field marshal , the Spanish King Philip IV sent him the Order of the Golden Fleece , and France 's King Louis XIV created him a Peer . After relieving Kanizsa, the Grand Vizier turned against Novi Zrin . The Imperial troops under Raimondo Montecuccoli remained inactive while Zrínyi hastened to relieve

1856-639: The Wesselényi Plot), and executed in Wiener Neustadt. The estates of Zrinski and Frankopan families were confiscated and their surviving members relocated. The remains of Petar Zrinski and Fran Krsto Frankopan were transferred from Austria to Croatia in 1919 and buried in the Zagreb Cathedral . The last male Zrinski descendants were Adam Zrinski (1662–1691), son of Nikola Zrinski, a Habsburg Monarchy army lieutenant-colonel. He inherited from his father

1920-591: The aristocratic strata. Nobles were required to be "generous" and " magnanimous ", to perform great deeds with a certain level of disinterest. A noble's status in the royal court required appropriate and conspicuous consumption ; a strict etiquette was required by: a word or glance from the king could make or destroy a career. Nobles often went into debt themselves to build prestigious urban mansions and to buy clothes, paintings, silverware, dishes, and other furnishings befitting their rank. They were also required to show liberality by hosting sumptuous parties and by funding

1984-401: The arts. Nobles were expected to live "nobly", that is, from the proceeds of these possessions. Any work that involved manual labor was avoided and prohibited. The nobles classes originally started asserting their divine right to rule by assuming a saviors complex and spent much time guiding the poor and underprivileged "into the light" of their societal beckoning. However, over time and with

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2048-474: The average reader remains, to this day, one of the few pre-19th century Hungarian literary works still widely known to the public. The epic was translated to Croatian by Nikola's brother, Petar Zrinski ( Hungarian : Zrínyi Péter ) who, while Nikola was a master of Hungarian, excelled in Croatian. Beside his poetic works, Zrínyi is also a forerunner of Croatian and Hungarian political thinking and military science. In his essays and manifestos, such as Ne bántsd

2112-516: The castle, refusing all assistance, with the result that the fortress fell. The Viennese court concentrated all its troops on the Hungarian-Austrian border, sacrificing Novi Zrin to hold back the Turkish army. The Turkish army, ultimately, was stopped in the Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664) . The Turkish defeat could have offered an opportunity for Hungary to be liberated from the Turkish yoke. However,

2176-419: The country which often caused riots and tensions between the peasant class and elite class. The noble and wealthy classes of the Croatian aristocracy had certain characteristics both directly and indirectly tied with their station in society. Many of the lavish practices of the nobility was influenced by the Roman noble practices . Its practices were not seen as vain or pretentious, but as a divine imperative to

2240-522: The emperor appointed him captain of Croatia. On his return from the war he married the wealthy Eusebia Drašković . In 1646 he distinguished himself in the actions against Ottomans. At the coronation of Ferdinand IV of Austria , King of the Germans , King of Hungary , Croatia and Bohemia , he carried the sword of state , and was made ban and captain-general of Croatia. In this double capacity he presided over many Croatian diets. During 1652–1653, Zrínyi

2304-528: The fact that the Croatian nobility was unable to secure an heir, in 1102 the Hungarian king was granted the throne of Croatia by treaty . Thus Croatia entered in union with Hungary, until 1918 kings of Hungary were also kings of Croatia, represented by a governor (ban), but Croatia kept its own parliament (Sabor) and considerable autonomy. Throughout this time period Croatian nobles kept the various titles described above. North America South America Oceania Croatian nobility titles mostly were granted by

2368-527: The highest and lowest titles of nobility. A baron is a title of honour, often hereditary, and ranked as one of the lowest titles in the nobility system. A viscount is a member of the nobility whose comital title ranks usually, as in the British peerage, below an earl or a count (the earl's continental equivalent) and above a baron. There were multiple types of titles used by Croatian nobles that stemmed from France: some were personal ranks and others were linked to

2432-473: The introduction of the French and their occupancy of Croatian high court, nobles began to view the poor as an inferior subset of people that were to remain voiceless and devout to their King. It was through this mechanism, the nobility, that the wealthier caste of people advocated for one of the first iterations of monarchical absolutism , and required unquestioning loyalty and understanding from their subjects. With

2496-682: The king, who took land from the previous landowners, essentially creating a feudal system . The previously free peasants became serfs and ceased being soldiers, causing the military power of Croatia to fade and the noble class to assume more wealth. The rule of Krešimir's son Miroslav was marked by a gradual weakening of Croatia, and thus the powers of the nobility. Nobility marked their divine right to rule through intense violence that included setting entire villages on fire to reinforce fighting "fire with fire." As soon as Stjepan Držislav had died in 997, his three sons, Svetoslav (997–1000), Krešimir III (1000–1030), and Gojslav (1000–1020), opened

2560-451: The kings of Croatia , later kings of Hungary-Croatia . In Dalmatia and Istria several Venetian titles were granted and during the French occupation, French titles were granted and practices were assumed. Following the collapse of Austria-Hungary following World War I , the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia ) stopped giving hereditary titles. Between 925 and 1102,

2624-410: The large and valuable Bibliotheca Zriniana . He died in the Battle of Slankamen in 1691, accidentally shot in his back by one of his fellow soldiers. Ivan Antun Zrinski (1654–1703), son of Petar Zrinski and Katarina Zrinska, was Habsburg army officer, who was accused of high treason and died after years in dungeons. Although was generally considered that the family became extinct, it still remains

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2688-405: The nobles and monarch. The nobility regarded the peasant class as an unseen and irrelevant substrata of people which lead to high causality revolts and beheadings as well as sporadic periods of intense domestic violence. For example, during King Demetrius Zvonimir reign, he was murdered after guards over took him during the 1089 revolts and threw him off his balcony into a "bed of fire". The death

2752-500: The northernmost part of Croatia , with its capital Čakovec , which the members of the family held for the next 145 years (1546-1691). Following the move, the family kept the name Zrinski. Because they lived, worked, and intermarried with nobility from all parts of the multiethnic kingdom, it was natural and expected that they should be fluent in four or five languages. It is certain, that Nikola Zrinski spoke at least Croatian , Hungarian , Italian , Turkish , and of course Latin . It

2816-510: The overly jealous Montecuccoli, and later the Emperor's military commanders (apart from Hungarian and Croatian leaders), unwilling to combat the Grand Vizier's army hastily coming to the aid of Kanizsa, retreated. Despite the failed siege, the expedition made his name famous and praised throughout Europe. According to the 1911 Britannica , "it was said that only the Zrínyis had the secret of conquering

2880-465: The peace by building his castle, Novi Zrin ( Hungarian : Új-Zrínyivár or Zrínyi-Újvár , English : New Zrin or Zrin-Newcastle ), erected in 1661 at his own expense, in the theoretically de-militarised zone between the two empires. Zrínyi's siege of Kanizsa , the most important Turkish fortress in Southern Hungary, failed, as the beginning of the siege was seriously delayed by machinations of

2944-419: The period of Romanticism , a movement which was called Zrinijada in Croatia. The Zrinski ( Hungarian : Zrínyi ), meaning "those of Zrin", are a branch of the Šubić family , which arose when king Louis I of Hungary needed some of the Šubićs' fortresses for his coming wars against Venice , and the city of Zadar in particular. In 1347, King Louis I took their estates around Bribir , most importantly

3008-470: The poet the general and the politician ). He is the author of the first epic poem in Hungarian literature . Zrinski's most significant literary work, The Peril of Sziget ( Szigeti veszedelem or Zrínyiász ), an epic poem written in the Göcsej dialect of Hungarian, was written in the winter of 1648–1649, and was published, together with a few miscellaneous pieces of poetry, under the title of The Siren of

3072-533: The right to an audience with the prime minister . Tomislav was the first Croatian ruler whom the Papal chancellery honored with the title "king". The king was granted the right to award titles to high-ranking members of society and direct blood descendants. Sometime between 923 and 928, Tomislav succeeded in uniting the Croats of Pannonia and Dalmatia , each of which had been ruled separately by dukes, thus furthering

3136-545: The rulers would promise the warriors land in exchange for protection of the country. From this derived the Hrvatski plemićki zbor (Croatian Nobility Assembly) which is the only association of living descendants from Croatian nobility. Between 1941 and 1943, King Tomislav II of the Independent State of Croatia granted about 60 titles of duke , marquess , count , viscount and baron but mostly to non-citizens. Due to

3200-582: The same coat of arms as the Zrinski family, still exists in Greece and was accepted in the Croatian Nobility Association with the highest noble status. The survival is supported by seven letters (two written by Maria Sdrin) and photographs from Greece signed by Contessa & Conte K. Sdrin and Conte Gerasimo N. Sdrini , and on behind Suvenire S. N. Sdriny Marsullela 7/20/6 1913. Madame Evangelini Tsimara Mavrata Ceffalonia . The family produced four Bans of Croatia ( viceroys ): Zrinski family

3264-540: The siege and occupation of Vienna . The imperial army failed to put up any notable resistance; the Ottoman army was eventually stopped by adverse weather conditions. As a preparation for the new Ottoman onslaught due next year, German troops were recruited from the Holy Roman Empire and aid was called from France , and Zrínyi, under the overall command of the Italian Raimondo Montecuccoli , leader of

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3328-632: The strategic fortress at Ostrovica, in Dalmatia , and gave them the Zrin estate with Zrin Castle , located south of the modern city of Petrinja and west of Hrvatska Kostajnica , in what was then Slavonia and is today the Croatian region of Banovina . Following the move, the family came to be known as known as the "Counts of Zrin" as the name changed from de Breberio to Zrinski (of Zrin) with variants of Zrinio, Zrini, de Serin, Sdrin, and von Serinus. Later, their power steadily increased, so that they acquired

3392-459: The territory between the rivers Krka and Zrmanja and the sea by the 13th century. At the outset of the 14th century, Paul I Šubić of Bribir was the longest-ruling Ban of Croatia (1275–1312), as well as lord of all of Bosnia (1305–1312). His son was Paul II Šubić of Bribir . Paul I's grandson was the first Zrinski, Juraj III. Šubić of Bribir, who, after the move to Zrin, took the title Juraj I. Zrinski [ hr ]. His cousin, countess Jelena Šubić ,

3456-556: The time, with comes and baron used for the župani and the royal court nobles, and vlastelin for the noblemen. Usually the nobility 's privileges were granted or recognized by the monarch in association with possession of a specific title, office or estate. Most nobles' wealth derived from one or more estates, large or small, that might include fields, pasture, orchards, timberland, hunting grounds, streams, etc. It also included infrastructure such as castle, well and mill to which local peasants were allowed some access, although often at

3520-451: The town of Pécs , etc.) on his way, Zrínyi advanced 240 kilometers on enemy territory and destroyed the bridge on 1 February 1664. However, the further pursuance of the campaign was frustrated by the refusal of the Imperial generals to co-operate. The court remained suspicious of Zrínyi all the way, regarding him as a promoter of Hungarian secessionist ideas and accusing him of having disturbed

3584-576: The treaty, but his view was ignored; he left the city in disgust, after assuring the Venetian minister, Sagridino, that he was willing at any moment to assist the Republic against the Ottoman Empire with 6,000 men. Zrínyi then returned to Csáktornya ( Čakovec ). It is widely accepted that he, despite being a loyal supporter of the court before, participated in launching the conspiracy which later became known as

3648-475: The work; however, it was also much praised for its poetic strength, which made Zrínyi the most notable Hungarian poet of the 17th century. The work also earned him praise due to its fundamental idea (the strength of Hungarian/Croatian valour to overthrow Ottoman rule, with the help of God), and to its enthusiastic tone. The Peril of Sziget has drawn comparisons with the other Baroque epics of the period and despite its obsolete language being difficult to interpret to

3712-540: Was at the same time married to Vladislav Kotromanić . Their first-born child, Tvrtko I , became the Ban of Bosnia and from 1377 the King of Bosnia . Their niece and adopted daughter, Elizabeta Kotromanić ( Elisabeth of Bosnia ), married Louis I the Great . Elizabeth's and Louis' daughters succeeded their father and became queens in their own right, as Mary of Hungary and Jadwiga of Poland . The Zrinskis were Croats and played

3776-564: Was continually fighting against the Ottomans – nevertheless, from his castle at Csáktornya ( Čakovec ) he was in constant communication with the intellectual figures of his time; the Dutch scholar, Jacobus Tollius , even visited him, and has left in his Epistolae itinerariae a lively account of his experiences. Tollius was amazed at the linguistic resources of Zrínyi, who spoke Croatian , Hungarian , Italian , German , Ottoman Turkish and Latin with equal ease. Zrínyi's Latin letters (from which it

3840-436: Was elevated to the status of Kingdom around 925, and the notions of nobility quickly followed. The nobility of the continental and island states of Croatia played a major role in shaping the history of the country, although in the present day even hereditary peers have no special rights, privileges or responsibilities, except for special designations who are accorded limited rights. Select members of select noble families are given

3904-630: Was especially symbolic as the nobility of the kingdom often burned revolutionaries alive to assert their divine supremacy. However, the country's nobles were so infuriated by such an act of defiance and commanded the Royal Croatian Forces to spear to death hundreds of peasants who participated in the raiding of the King's Palace and their bodies were hung on the houses of their families. Croatian nobility, similar to English and French nobility , originated from feudalism . The relationships between monarchs and their warriors produced nobility because

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3968-616: Was gathered that he was married a second time, to Sophia Löbl) are, according to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition of 1911, "fluent and agreeable, but largely interspersed with Croatian and Magyar expressions". In a Latin letter from 1658 to friend Ivan Ručić expressed his consciousness of being an ethnic Croat and Zrinski ("Ego mihi conscius aliter sum, etenim non degenerem me Croatam et quidem Zrinium esse scio"). In 1655, he made an attempt to be elected Palatine of Hungary ( nádor ); in spite of support by

4032-459: Was often topic in the paintings of Oton Iveković . Some castles which were property of the family. Some castles, like Dubovac, Kraljevica, Ozalj, Severin na Kupi and others were jointly owned with Frankopan family. Croatian nobility Croatian Kings and Queen consorts often established duchies culminating in the Duchy of Croatia . Dukes or Duchesses were to rule a large territories within

4096-580: Was the wife of Francis I Rákóczi , the prince of Transylvania . The Zrinski and the Frankopan families were the two most prominent noble families in Croatia in 16th and 17th century and they both perished in 1671 when Petar Zrinski and Fran Krsto Frankopan were charged with treason by the Emperor Leopold I , owing it to their role in the so-called Zrinski-Frankopan Plot (in Hungarian historiography called

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