Zouar ( Arabic : زوار ) is a town in the Tibesti Ouest department of the Tibesti region in northern Chad , located in an oasis in the Tibesti Mountains . Prior to 2008 it was in the Tibesti Department of the former Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti region .
8-661: The seat of the derde , the highest religious and political authority among the Teda of the Tibesti, the town came under French control in 1917. After Chad's independence, Zouar played an important role during the Chadian Civil War and the Chadian-Libyan conflict , when its control was hotly contended. It was first besieged in 1968 by the FROLINAT rebels led by Mahamat Ali Taher, and
16-539: A moderate degree of control was exercised only from the 1930s. The derde collaborated with the French, retaining or even increasing this way their political and religious authority. Chad became independent in 1960, and in 1965 the Chadian administration settled itself in Tibesti. The derde , Oueddei Kichidemi , saw himself stripped of his powers by the new government, provoking him in going in exile in 1966, an event considered
24-508: Is assisted in the exercise of his role by a council of nobles. It appears that already in the 12th century the derde of the Tomaghra of Bornu had already established its preeminence over much of the Tibesti, through the lines of succession still valid today. The Teda of the Tibesti in the 17th and 18th centuries distinguished themselves for their raids from the Fezzan to the north and to Borno to
32-561: The Toubou Teda of the resident in Tibesti , in north-western Chad . He is elected among the three most prominent families of the Tomagra clan, and at the death of the derde the title never passes to the son of the deceased, but to a member of the other two families. The derde exercises judicial and executive power, arbitrating conflict and levying sanctions based on a code of compensations. He
40-512: The government troops to surrender. On 18 March 2006 the MDJT started besieging the town. Zouar is also the birthplace of the former Head of State Goukouni Oueddei and of the MDJT founder Youssouf Togoimi, respectively born in 1944 and 1953. The town is served by Zouar Airport . Derde The derde (derda, derdai, dardai) is the title held by the highest religious and political authority among
48-547: The south. History of Toubou https://www.iberlibro.com/9780692103999/Teda-Tubu-Tebou-Toubou-Civilisation-0692103996/plp When the French colonial forces in 1907 made the first raids in northern Chad , the derde asked for the help of the Ottomans, who responded by establishing a few garrisons in Tibesti; but they were evacuated when the Ottomans were forced to cede Libya to Italy . The first French troops arrived later in 1914, but
56-682: The town was reconquered with the Libyan counter-offensive in December. In January 1987 the Chadian army once and for all freed Zouar. In October 1998, with the foundation of the insurgent Movement for Democracy and Justice in Chad (MDJT), civil war has erupted again in the north. The MDJT commander, Youssouf Togoimi , announced in June 1999 that his forces were in a position to take Zouar and Bardaï , but preferred to wait for
64-506: Was relieved only by the arrival in August of a French expeditionary force. One of the last strongholds held by the government in the north, it was attacked in June 1977 by the People's Armed Forces (FAP), forcing the garrison to evacuate. During the Chadian-Libyan conflict , a Libyan garrison was installed, only to be expelled when the former pro-Libyan FAP rebelled in the Tibesti in August 1986; but
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