69-601: Jorge Horacio Zorreguieta Stefanini (28 January 1928 – 8 August 2017) was an Argentine politician who served as Secretary of Agriculture in the regime of General Jorge Rafael Videla . Zorreguieta was the father of Queen Máxima of the Netherlands . Jorge Zorreguieta was born in 1928 in Buenos Aires , the son of Cesina María Stefanini Borella and Juan Antonio Zorreguieta Bonorino. He is of Spanish- Basque and Italian ancestry. His paternal grandfather, Amadeo Zorreguieta Hernández,
138-557: A font , and this practice is also the first method listed in the baptismal ritual of the Roman Catholics , although pouring is the standard practice within the Latin branch of Catholicism. Catholic and Orthodox churches that do this do not sprinkle. At the moment of baptism, the minister utters the words "I baptize you (or, "The servant of God (name) is baptized") in the name of the Father, and of
207-477: A sacrament because it is an "instrument" instituted by Jesus Christ to impart grace to its recipients. Infants are traditionally baptized on the eighth day, recalling the biblical injunction to circumcise on the eighth day. However, this is not mandatory. In many of these churches, the Sacred Mystery of Chrismation ( Confirmation ) is administered by the priest immediately after baptism. Holy Communion , in
276-554: A secretariat under supervision of the Ministry of Economy . The Ministry of Agriculture of Argentina was first established in 1898 through Law 3727 enacted by President Julio Argentino Roca following the 1898 constitutional reform; the first minister responsible was Emilio Frers , a lawyer and businessman and member of the Sociedad Rural Argentina . The government's agricultural policies had previously been co-ordinated by
345-754: A constant companion. To confirm means to "make more sure" and the ordinance of confirmation stands as a witness of the individual becoming a member of the LDS Church and not just an acceptance of Jesus. According to Catholic legal professor and former Irish president Mary McAleese , as outlined in her doctoral thesis, infant baptism amounts to "enforced membership of the Catholic Church", which violates fundamental rights of children . These "infant conscripts ... are held to lifelong obligations of obedience" without their understanding or consent. "Parents can guide and direct [their children] but they can't impose, and what
414-505: A contested issue between the Argentine government and the Argentine agricultural industry. The 2008 farm crisis , triggered by the Fernández de Kirchner administration 's decision to impose a 44% tax on soybean exports resulted in farmers' strikes, mass protests and roadblocks. Agricultural exports constituted over half of Argentina's exports in 2019. The Ministry of Agriculture counted with
483-720: A more fundamental level of one's theological system. Christians who practice infant baptism do not completely agree on the reasons for doing so, and offer different reasons in support of the practice. Among the arguments made in support of the practice are: Trinitarian Christian denominations that oppose infant baptism include the International Christian Church , all Baptist and Anabaptist traditions and denominations, Pentecostals, Assemblies of God and more. Several nontrinitarian religious groups also oppose infant baptism, including Oneness Pentecostals , Christadelphians , Jehovah's Witnesses , United Church of God , and
552-482: A number of centralized and decentralized dependencies. The centralized dependencies, as in other government ministers, are known as secretariats ( secretarías ) and undersecretariats ( subsecretarías ); there are currently three of these: Additionally, the ministry has with several decentralized dependencies, which are financially autonomous. These include the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA),
621-505: A temple of your glory, and send your Holy Spirit to dwell with him (her). Through Christ our Lord." The Eastern Orthodox Church , Oriental Orthodoxy and the Assyrian Church of the East also insist on the need to have infants baptized as soon as is practicable after birth. Similar to the Catholic Church, they teach that baptism is not merely a symbol but actually conveys grace . Baptism is
690-467: A well-founded hope for the Christian upbringing of the children", then "the priest cannot refuse to celebrate the sacrament without delay, as in the case of children of Christian families". If there is insufficient assurance, "it will be prudent to delay baptism", while keeping contact with the parents in the hope of securing the required conditions for celebrating the sacrament. As a last resort, enrollment of
759-523: Is a "sign and seal of the covenant of grace ", and that baptism admits the party baptized into the visible church . Being a member of the visible church does not guarantee salvation; though it does provide the child with many benefits, including that of one's particular congregation consenting to assist in the raising of that child in "the way he should go, (so that) when he is old he will not turn from it". Elect infants (those predestined for salvation) who die in infancy are by faith considered regenerate on
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#1732869670025828-505: Is an eclectic building with Tudor , Gothic Revival and Beaux-Arts influences, representing the various currents and the architectural eclecticism popular in late 19th and early 20th century Buenos Aires. The complex consists of two twin buildings, the older of which houses the Agriculture Ministry, while the newest (inaugurated in 1931) originally served as the headquarters of Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales , and later became
897-560: Is conferred immediately after baptism, and there is no renewal of baptismal promises. In the Latin Church and its Latin liturgical rites of the Catholic Church, the sacrament is to be conferred at about the age of discretion (generally taken to be about 7), unless the Episcopal Conference has decided on a different age, or there is danger of death or, in the judgment of the minister, a grave reason suggests otherwise ( canon 891 of
966-619: Is integral to salvation, after they repent and personally accept Jesus as Savior. Many Methodist denominations, such as the Free Methodist Church and Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection , practice infant baptism for families who desire it for their children, but provide a rite for child dedication for those who have a preference for credobaptism only after their child has made a personal acceptance of Jesus as his/her savior. Presbyterian, Congregational and Reformed Christians believe that baptism, whether of infants or adults,
1035-508: Is specifically named. Each of these groups is included in "all nations." They also cite other biblical passages such as Mark 10:13-15, Mark 16:16, John 3:3-7 and Acts 2:38-39 in support of their position. For example, in the Acts of the Apostles Peter 's teachings on Pentecost included children in the promise of baptism, "Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for
1104-415: Is that assurances must be given that the gift thus granted can grow by authentic education in the faith and Christian life. If these assurances are not really serious, there can be grounds for delaying baptism. If they are certainly absent, the sacrament should even be refused. Accordingly, the rules for involvement on the part of practicing Christian parents must be supplemented with other considerations in
1173-568: Is the mark of membership in the covenant of grace and in the universal church, although regeneration is not inseparably connected with baptism. Infant baptism can be contrasted with what is called " believer's baptism " (or credobaptism, from the Latin word credo meaning "I believe"), which is the religious practice of baptizing only individuals who personally confess faith in Jesus , therefore excluding underage children. Pedobaptism and credobaptism are positions which bubble up from theological views at
1242-645: Is the practice of baptizing infants or young children. Infant baptism is also called christening by some faith traditions. Most Christians belong to denominations that practice infant baptism. Branches of Christianity that practice infant baptism include Catholicism , Eastern Orthodoxy , and Oriental Orthodoxy . Among Protestants , several denominations practice infant baptism including Anglicans , Lutherans , Presbyterians , Congregationalists , Methodists , Nazarenes , Moravians , and United Protestants . Christians who do not practice infant baptism are called credobaptists . The exact details of
1311-531: Is to be delayed? In some German speaking countries, bishops have opened the door to a "two step baptism", i.e. two celebrations separated by a time of evangelization of the parents. In this case, the rite of baptism itself is to be performed in the second celebration, when parents are supposed to have enough maturity to raise the child in the Catholic faith. The Catechism of the Catholic Church states: "Since Baptism signifies liberation from sin and from its instigator
1380-673: The Centro Argentino Azucarero (CAA), an advisory body for sugar producers in Argentina. In April 1982 Argentina went to war with the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands . Argentina was defeated, and the military government, now headed by Leopoldo Galtieri , collapsed. People who had been ministers under the military government were prosecuted for violations of human rights; Zorreguieta, who had left political office before
1449-824: The National Food Safety and Quality Service (SENASA), the National Institute for Fisheries Research and Development (INIDEP), the National Vitiviniculture Institute (INV), the National Seeds Institute (INASE), the National Yerba Mate Institute, and Innovaciones Tecnológicas Agopecuarias S.A. (INTEA). The Ministry of Agriculture has been headquartered at Av. Paseo Colón 922, in the Buenos Aires barrio of San Telmo , since 1919. The original design, drafted in 1911,
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#17328696700251518-504: The christening of their granddaughters, the princesses Catharina-Amalia , Alexia , and Ariane . The difference was that the marriage of the heir apparent was seen as a state matter, and a baptism is considered a private matter. During the baptism ceremonies (in The Hague and Wassenaar ), opponents of the former Argentine military regime protested. Zorreguieta was not present at the investiture of his son-in-law Willem-Alexander as King of
1587-463: The de facto administrations of presidents Alejandro Lanusse (1972–1973) and Roberto Viola (1981), otherwise remaining a subdivision of the Ministry of Economy (with the exception of the 2002–2003 presidency of Eduardo Duhalde , during which it was a secretariat of the Ministry of Production). In 2009 the secretariat was once again elevated to ministerial level and was given the responsibilities of
1656-661: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . B.R. White describes the motivations behind persecution of the Anabaptists during the Reformation as follows: Other Christians saw the baptism of each new-born baby into the secular parish community and close links between church and state as the divinely-ordained means of holding society together. Hence many other Christians saw the Anabaptists as subversive of all order. Consequently, from
1725-638: The Code of Canon Law ). The renewal of baptismal promises by those receiving the sacrament in the Western Catholic Church is incidental to the rite and not essentially different from the solemn renewal of their baptismal promises that is asked of all members of this church each year at the Easter Vigil service. Only in French-speaking countries has there been a development of ceremonies, quite distinct from
1794-495: The LDS Church performs a non-saving ordinance to name and bless children , customarily performed on infants. For Roman Catholic, Methodist Christians, and Weslian Confirmation "strengthens" (the original meaning of the word "confirm") the grace of Baptism , by conferring an increase and deepening of that grace. In Eastern Christianity , including the Eastern Catholic Churches , the sacrament of Confirmation
1863-604: The National Department of Agriculture, a subdivision of the Ministry of the Interior established by President Domingo Faustino Sarmiento in 1871. The Ministry of Agriculture maintained its ministerial status and autonomy until 1958, when it was reorganized into the Secretariat of Agriculture and Livestock within the Ministry of Economy by President Arturo Frondizi . The portfolio briefly regained ministerial status during
1932-470: The Netherlands on 30 April 2013 in Amsterdam . Zorreguieta died of non-Hodgkin lymphoma at the age of 89, on 8 August 2017. He was survived by his second wife and seven children. Ministry of Agriculture (Argentina) The Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries (Spanish: Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca ) of Argentina , commonly known simply as the Ministry of Agriculture ,
2001-515: The Netherlands. Máxima's father had been the Minister of Agriculture during the regime of former Argentine President Videla, a military dictator who ruled Argentina from 1976 to 1981 and who was responsible for many atrocities against civilians (An estimated 10,000–30,000 people were kidnapped and murdered during this and subsequent military regimes before democracy was restored to Argentina in 1983). Jorge Zorreguieta had resigned one year before
2070-548: The Old Testament circumcision . In the Old Testament, all male converts to Judaism , male infants born to Jewish parents, and male servants were circumcised as ceremony of initiation into the Jewish community. Christians who baptize infants believe that baptism has replaced Old Testament circumcision and is the religious ceremony of initiation into the Christian community. During the medieval and Reformation eras, infant baptism
2139-571: The Son, and of the Holy Spirit" (see Matthew 28:19 ). Although it is not required, many parents and godparents choose to dress the baby in a white gown called a christening gown for the baptism ceremony. Christening gowns often become treasured keepsakes that are used by many other children in the family and handed down from generation to generation. Traditionally, this gown is white or slightly off white and made with much lace, trim and intricate detail. In
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2208-650: The Spirit, "the descending " of the Spirit, the "falling" of the Spirit "upon men," by the mode in which it was administered, the pouring of water from above upon the subjects baptized. As a seal, also, or confirming sign, baptism answers to circumcision. Infant baptism, in Methodism, is celebrated as "an acceptance of the prevenient grace of God and as a confession on the part of the church of its responsibility for children in general and for every child in particular." Methodists teach that people receive justifying grace , which
2277-422: The actions of the one baptized, whether infant or adult. Even though baptized infants cannot articulate that faith, Lutherans believe that it is present all the same. Because it is faith alone that receives these divine gifts, Lutherans confess that baptism "works forgiveness of sins, delivers from death and the devil, and gives eternal salvation to all who believe this, as the words and promises of God declare". In
2346-539: The baptism of children as an apostolic tradition. While Tertullian writing c. 198–203 advises the postponement of baptism of little children and the unmarried, he mentions that it was customary to baptize infants, with sponsors speaking on their behalf. The Apostolic Tradition , sometimes attributed to Hippolytus of Rome (died 235), describes how to perform the ceremony of baptism; it states that children were baptized first, and if any of them could not answer for themselves, their parents or someone else from their family
2415-489: The baptismal ceremony vary among Christian denominations . Many follow a prepared ceremony, called a rite or liturgy . In a typical ceremony, parents or godparents bring their child to their congregation's priest or minister . The rite used would be the same as that denomination's rite for adults, i.e., by pouring holy water ( affusion ) or by sprinkling water ( aspersion ). Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic traditions practice total immersion and baptize babies in
2484-466: The basis of God's covenant promises in the covenant of grace. Presbyterian, Congregational and many Reformed Christians see infant baptism as the New Testament form of circumcision in the Jewish covenant. Circumcision did not create faith in the 8-day-old Jewish boy. It merely marked him as a member of God's covenant people Israel. Likewise, baptism does not create faith; it is a sign of membership in
2553-435: The case of "families with little faith or non-Christian families". If these request that a child of theirs be baptized, there must be assurances that the child will be given the benefit of the Christian upbringing required by the sacrament. Examples of such assurances are "the choice of godparents who will take sincere care of the child, or the support of the community". If there is satisfactory assurance, i.e., "any pledge giving
2622-419: The child in a course of catechetical instruction on reaching school age can be offered in lieu of immediate celebration of baptism. The possibility of delaying infant baptism in the case of non practicing or non believing parents raises a number of questions. How can we discern that there are guarantees of an authentic Christian education? Can a priest propose an alternative celebration in the case where baptism
2691-718: The church has failed to do is to recognize that there has to be a point at which our young people, as adults who have been baptized into the church and raised in the faith, have the chance to say 'I validate this' or 'I repudiate this'. You and I know, we live now in times where we have the right to freedom of conscience, freedom of belief, freedom of opinion, freedom of religion and freedom to change religion. The Catholic Church yet has to fully embrace that thinking." Baptisms have sometimes accidentally led to injuries, or deaths, such as drowning deaths, to babies. In Romania, this has served as an opportunity to revise practices. In Yazidism , children are baptized at birth and circumcision
2760-546: The church hold various views (in particular, many have asserted that they go to Limbo ). "The Church entrusts these infants to the mercy of God." The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith issued on 20 October 1980 an instruction on infant baptism, whose purpose was "to recall the principal points of doctrine in this field which justify the Church's constant practice down the centuries and demonstrate its permanent value in spite of
2829-539: The current Law of Ministries ( Ley de Ministerios ), published in 2019. According to this law, the Ministry is in charge of intervening in the establishment of tariffs and export and tariff refunds in the areas within its jurisdiction; defining the national state's commerce policy on agriculture, livestock and fisheries; promoting, organizing and participating in agriculture-related exhibits, fairs, contests and missions abroad; among many other responsibilities. The issue of internal tariffs on agricultural exports has long been
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2898-482: The devil, one or more exorcisms are pronounced over the candidate". In the Roman Rite , the wording of the prayer of exorcism is: "Almighty and ever-living God, you sent your only Son into the world to cast out the power of Satan, spirit of evil, to rescue man from the kingdom of darkness and bring him into the splendour of your kingdom of light. We pray for this child: set him (her) free from original sin, make him (her)
2967-432: The difficulties raised today". The document then indicated some general guidelines for pastoral action. The document recalled that infant baptism has long been considered of apostolic origin, and that the first direct evidence of its practice, dating from the 2nd century, does not present it as an innovation. It then responded to objections that baptism should follow faith, that the person baptized should consciously receive
3036-443: The earliest days, they were sharply persecuted and leaders were soon executed. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) completely rejects infant baptism. Little children are considered both born without sin and incapable of committing sin . They have no need of baptism until age eight, when they can begin to learn to discern right from wrong, and are thus accountable to God for their own actions. However,
3105-663: The end of the Videla regime and claimed that, as a civilian, he was unaware of the Dirty War while he was a cabinet minister. Professor Michiel Baud [ nl ] , who on request of the Dutch Parliament carried out an inquiry on the involvement of Zorreguieta, concluded that it would have been unlikely for a person in such a powerful position in the government to be unaware of the Dirty War. Despite finding Zorreguieta to be at fault,
3174-737: The end, was not affected. He also became chairman of the supervisory organization for food Coordinadora de la Industria de Productos Alimenticios (Copal). Zorreguieta married Marta López Gil (born 1935) in 1956. They later divorced. They had three daughters: He married again, to María del Cármen Cerruti Carricart (born 8 September 1944), daughter of Jorge Horacio Cerruti and María del Cármen Carricart, on 27 May 1970 in Paraguay . They had four children: From his two marriages, Zorreguieta had seven children and twelve grandchildren in total. The news of Prince Willem-Alexander's relationship and eventual marriage plans to Máxima Zorreguieta caused controversy in
3243-508: The first direct evidence of infant Baptism appears in the second century, it is never presented as an innovation", that 2nd-century Irenaeus treated baptism of infants as a matter of course, and that, "at a Synod of African Bishops, St. Cyprian stated that 'God's mercy and grace should not be refused to anyone born', and the Synod, recalling that 'all human beings' are 'equal', whatever be 'their size or age', declared it lawful to baptize children 'by
3312-444: The first few weeks" and, "if the infant is in danger of death, it is to be baptized without any delay." It declares: "The practice of infant Baptism is an immemorial tradition of the Church. There is explicit testimony to this practice from the second century on, and it is quite possible that, from the beginning of the apostolic preaching, when whole 'households' received baptism, infants may also have been baptized". It notes that "when
3381-474: The fisheries secretariat by President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner , under the name of Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food ; its first minister was Julián Domínguez . The Ministry retained its name and responsibilities during the remainder of Fernández de Kirchner's presidency, until it was renamed as Ministry of Agroindustry during the presidency of Mauricio Macri (2015–2019), with Ricardo Buryaile as minister. On 5 September 2018
3450-405: The forgiveness of your sins. And you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. The promise is for you and your children ". For them baptism is a " means of grace " through which God creates and strengthens "saving faith" as the "washing of regeneration" in which people are reborn (John 3:3–7): "baptismal regeneration". Since the creation of faith is exclusively God's work, it does not depend on
3519-488: The form of consecrated wine and bread, is also given to infants after they are baptized. Lutherans practice infant baptism because they believe that God mandates it through the instruction of Jesus Christ , "Go and make disciples of all nations , baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit", in which Jesus does not set any age limit: The command is general. It includes infants, women, men, and teenagers, even though none of these groups
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#17328696700253588-569: The grace of the sacrament, that the person should freely accept baptism, that infant baptism is unsuitable in a society marked by instability of values and conflicts of ideas, and that the practice is inimical to a missionary outlook on the part of the church. The instruction then gave guidelines for pastoral practice, based on two principles. The major principle is that baptism, as the sign and means of God's love that precedes any action on our part and that frees from original sin and communicates divine life, must not be delayed. The subordinate principle
3657-488: The lack of any explicit evidence of infant baptism. Others, noting the lack of any explicit evidence of exclusion of infant baptism, believe that they did, understanding biblical references to individuals "and [her] household" being baptized as including young children. The earliest extrabiblical directions for baptism, which occur in the Didache (c. 100), are taken to be about baptism of adults, since they require fasting by
3726-488: The marriage between his daughter Máxima and Prince Willem-Alexander was approved by parliament because Máxima herself had not done anything wrong; however Jorge Zorreguieta was not allowed to attend the 2002 wedding . Parliament's approval was necessary for Willem-Alexander to stay in line to the Dutch throne. Because of his past, Zorreguieta was not allowed to attend Máxima's wedding. However, he and his wife were invited to attend
3795-519: The ministry was briefly reorganized as a secretariat of the Ministry of Production once again as part of a large-scale cabinet reshuffle which reduced the number of ministries from 22 to 11. The ministry quickly regained its status on 2 August 2019, when it was given its current name of Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. The attributions and responsibilities of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries are specified in Article 20 of
3864-480: The new birth in Baptism to be freed from the power of darkness and brought into the realm of the freedom of the children of God, to which all men are called ... The Church and the parents would deny a child the priceless grace of becoming a child of God were they not to confer Baptism shortly after birth". The church has no dogmatic official teaching regarding the fate of infants who die without baptism, and theologians of
3933-730: The offices of the Dirección de Meteorología Nacional (now the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional ). The overall work was designed by the Kimbau y Cía and the Andrés Vanelli e Hijos architectural studios. Both buildings were renovated in 2010 by order of Minister Julián Domínguez ; restoration works included various decor and the original lamps and chandeliers, as well as upgrading the air conditioning and computing networks. Infant baptism Infant baptism (or paedobaptism )
4002-445: The past, a gown was used for both boys and girls; in the present day it has become more common to dress children in a baptismal outfit. Also normally made of white fabric, the outfit consists of a romper with a vest or other accessories. These clothes are often kept as a memento after the ceremony. Scholars disagree on the date when infant baptism was first practiced. Some believe that 1st-century Christians did not practice it, noting
4071-606: The person to be baptized. However, inscriptions dating back to the 2nd century which refer to young children as "children of God" may indicate that Christians customarily baptized infants too. The earliest reference to infant baptism was by Irenaeus (c. 130–202) in his work Against Heresies . Due to its reference to Eleutherus as the current bishop of Rome , the work is usually dated c. 180 . Irenaeus speaks of children being "born again to God." Three passages by Origen (185–c. 254) mention infant baptism as traditional and customary. Also Augustine of Hippo referred
4140-521: The possibility of infant faith , the Bible clearly teaches that babies can believe. In the Methodist Churches , baptism is a sacrament of initiation into the visible church. Wesleyan covenant theology further teaches that baptism is a sign and a seal of the covenant of grace: Of this great new-covenant blessing, baptism was therefore eminently the sign ; and it represented "the pouring out " of
4209-460: The sacrament of Confirmation, for young Catholics to profess their faith publicly, in line with their age. Within the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , confirmation or "the laying on of hands" is an essential part of the baptismal ordinance, and to receive baptism without confirmation is to leave the ordinance incomplete. Confirmation is the conferring of the gift of the Holy Ghost as
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#17328696700254278-465: The second or third day after their birth'". In the 17th and 18th centuries, many infants were baptized on the day of their birth as in the cases of Francoise-Athenais, Marquise de Montespan , Jeanne Du Barry and Marie Anne de Cupis de Camargo . Infant baptism is seen as showing very clearly that salvation is an unmerited favor from God, not the fruit of human effort. "Born with a fallen human nature and tainted by original sin, children also have need of
4347-435: The special section on infant baptism in his Large Catechism Luther argues that infant baptism is God-pleasing because persons so baptized were reborn and sanctified by the Holy Spirit. Lutherans [WELS] believe that babies are conceived and born sinful and therefore need to be born again to enter the kingdom of heaven. Through Baptism, the Holy Spirit works rebirth, creates faith in them, and saves them. Although some deny
4416-441: The visible covenant community. Presbyterian, Congregational and Reformed Christians consider children of professing Christians to be members of the visible church (the covenant community). They also consider them to be full members of the local congregation where their parents are members and members of the universal church (the set of all true believers who make up the invisible church) unless and until they prove otherwise. Baptism
4485-564: Was Secretary of Agriculture and Livestock. He was preceded by Mario Cadenas Madariaga, and succeeded by Jorge Aguado as Minister of Agriculture and Livestock . The INTA , a research institute associated with Zorreguieta's ministry was put under the control of the Argentine Navy after the Videla-Coup. Employees from this institute disappeared during Zorreguieta's tenure. In 1981, Zorreguieta stepped down as minister. He became president of
4554-598: Was a ministry of the national executive power that oversaw production, commerce and health regulations in the agricultural, livestock and fishing industries. The Ministry of Agriculture was one of the oldest portfolios in the Argentine government , having existed – under various names and incarnations – since 1898, when it was created by President Julio Argentino Roca . The ministry was dissolved in August 2022 through decree n° 451 by president Alberto Fernández , turning it into
4623-454: Was mayor of the city of Mendoza . He became secretary of La Sociedad Rural Argentina , a conservative interest group of landowners and ranchers. He was also president of the association Juan de Garay , a cultural institution of the Basque community. After the 1976 Argentine coup d'état of General Videla , Zorreguieta became Deputy Secretary of Agriculture. From March 1979 until March 1981 he
4692-568: Was seen as a way to incorporate newborn babies into the secular community as well as inducting them into the Christian faith. Due to high rates of infant mortality, it is important to note that canon law denied unbaptized infants a Christian burial in sacred ground. Different Christian denominations who practice infant baptism attach different meanings to the sacrament and explain its efficacy in different ways. The Catholic Church considers baptism, even for an infant, so important that "parents are obliged to see that their infants are baptized within
4761-471: Was to answer for them. From at least the 3rd century onward Christians baptized infants as standard practice, although some preferred to postpone baptism until late in life so as to ensure forgiveness for all their preceding sins. Based on their understanding of New Testament passages such as Colossians 2:11–12, Christians who baptize infants believe that infant baptism is the New Testament counterpart to
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