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75-581: The zoo is privately controlled by the Hershey Trust Company and is connected to Hersheypark . It is also an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA). In 1905, Franz and Louise Zinner moved to Lebanon, Pennsylvania, from Weisenberg, Germany. Mr. Zinner was unable to keep the 12 prairie dogs which he had been given by

150-505: A compartment syndrome . Four potentially lethal toxins have been isolated from the Gila monster's venom, which cause hemorrhage in internal organs and exophthalmos (bulging of the eyes), and helothermine , which causes lethargy , partial paralysis of the limbs, and hypothermia in rats . Some are similar in action of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), which relaxes smooth muscle and regulates water and electrolyte secretion between

225-518: A Gila monster as an Old West outlaw named Bad Bill, voiced by Ray Winstone . The Gila monster has also seen usage as a mascot and state symbol . The official mascot of Eastern Arizona College located in Thatcher, Arizona , is Gila Hank, a gun-toting, cowboy hat-wearing Gila monster. In 2017, the Vegas Golden Knights selected a Gila monster named Chance as their official mascot. In 2019,

300-410: A Gila monster is normally not fatal to healthy adult humans. One fatality has been confirmed since 1930, on February 16, 2024, and the rare fatalities recorded before 1930 occurred in adults who were intoxicated by alcohol or had mismanaged the treatment of the bite. The Gila monster can bite quickly and may not release the victim without intervention. If bitten, the victim may attempt to fully submerge

375-511: A Gila monster. He tied it to his saddle and it bit the middle finger of his right hand and would not let go. A ranch hand pried open the lizard's mouth with a pocket knife, cut open his finger to stimulate bleeding, and then tied saddle strings around his finger and wrist. They summoned Dr. John C. Handy of Tucson, who took Vail back to Tucson for treatment, but Vail experienced swollen and bleeding glands in his throat for sometime afterward. Dr. Handy's friend, Dr. George Goodfellow of Tombstone,

450-467: A case of Gila monster bite, and I don't want to be. I think a man who is fool enough to get bitten by a Gila monster ought to die. The creature is so sluggish and slow of movement that the victim of its bite is compelled to help largely in order to get bitten." —Dr. Ward, Arizona Graphic , September 23, 1899 In the Old West , the pioneers believed a number of myths about the Gila monster, including that

525-526: A cooperative project with Fort Indiantown Gap to raise Regal Fritillary butterflies for release. In 2014, The National Military Fish & Wildlife Association honored two naturalists at ZooAmerica, Tim Becker and Ann Holzman, for their work in the reintroduction of the regal fritillary butterfly to Pennsylvania. On September 7, 2011, flooding took place in Hershey, Pennsylvania, due to Tropical Storm Lee . The rain broke records set by Hurricane Agnes in 1972. As

600-417: A determinate "wavelike" sequence. They change/replace their teeth during their entire life. The Gila monster's bright colors might be suitable to teach predators not to bother this "painful" creature. Because the Gila monster's prey consists mainly of eggs, small animals, and otherwise "helpless" prey, the Gila monster's venom is thought to have evolved for defensive rather than for hunting use. The venom of

675-646: A dry environment is a slow metabolism, allowing them to use less than half the amount of energy expected for lizards of their size. Gila monsters, and possibly also the Mexican beaded lizard , store water in their urinary bladder and reabsorb it across the bladder epithelium. Their tail is used for energy storage in the form of fat. The Gila monster's diet consists of a variety of food items – small mammals (such as young rabbits , hares , mice , ground squirrels , and other rodents ), small birds , snakes , lizards, frogs , insects , other invertebrates , carrion , and

750-572: A favorable microclimate and adequate humidity. Gila monsters rely heavily on the use of shelters and spend much of their time dwelling there. Often times these shelters are in rocky areas in Navajo Sandstone and basaltic lava flows. Gila monsters depend on water resources and can be observed in puddles of water after a summer rain. They avoid living in open areas, such as flats and open grasslands. Gila monsters spend 90% of their lifetime underground in burrows or rocky shelters. They are active in

825-468: A few more bears, angora goats, fox squirrels, opossums, peacocks, pheasants, and zebus. In 1914, the zoo received a lion, monkeys, and a leopard. In 1915, the zoo received major renovations to help alleviate the overflow since new animals were arriving. Those included the addition of the Hershey Laundry building. Once the renovations were done, the center of the zoo had a large building and every enclosure

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900-412: A friend, so he gave them to Milton S. Hershey who went on to use them as an attraction at Hershey Park. In 1910, Mr. Zinner received a black bear from the same friend and once again, it was given to Hershey. With the acquisition of another animal, Hershey decided to build a zoo that included bears, birds, deer, and other animals. In 1910, the park officially opened and throughout the year, the zoo received

975-460: A half hours. There is only a single record of attempted mating outside of a shelter. The female lays eggs at the end of May into June. A clutch may consist of up to eight (rarely more than six) eggs. The incubation in captivity lasts about 5 months, depending on the incubation temperature. The hatchlings are about 16 cm (6.3 in) long and can bite and inject venom as soon as they are hatched. The egg development and hatching time of young in

1050-486: A high-ranking executive of the company, was charged with wire fraud, having pocketed $ 13,000 that an FBI sting operation had given to him in an investigation into illegal lobbying of legislators. Hershey Trust serves as the trustee of the Milton Hershey School Trust. The trust provides the funding for the 2,000+ student Milton Hershey School , which provides education for lower-income children. As of 2021,

1125-705: A result, Spring Creek, which runs through Hershey Park and ZooAmerica overflowed. Many animals were put into safe and secure areas, but the bison, Esther and Ryan, were just moved to higher ground in their exhibit, unfortunately, the rain increased drastically, resulting in the animals panicking. Even though keepers used ropes to keep them above water, one of them drowned and the second was forced to be euthanized. In Carole Marsh 's book, The Mystery in Chocolate Town...Hershey, Pennsylvania , and in Milton Hershey: Young Chocolatier by M.M. Eboch , ZooAmerica

1200-402: A sophisticated injection formula with sustained release of the drug, the lizard protein remains effective much longer than the human hormone. This helps diabetics keep their blood glucose levels under control for a week by a single injection. Exenatide also slows the emptying of the stomach and causes a decrease in appetite, contributing to weight loss. The antidiabetic exenatide (Byetta) from

1275-536: A stout snout, massive head, and "little"-appearing eyes, which can be protected by a nictitating membrane . The Gila monster has four close living relatives, all of which are beaded lizards. There are three species in Mexico: Heloderma exasperatum , Heloderma horridum and Heloderma alvarezi , as well as another species in Guatemala: Heloderma charlesbogerti . The evolutionary history of

1350-448: A uniform, simple, and less colorful pattern. This drastically changes within the first 6 months of their lives. Hatchlings from the northern area of the species' distribution have a tendency to retain most of their juvenile pattern. It has also been seen that Gila monsters in areas with darker rocks and substrate will have darker colorations. The heads of males are very often larger and more triangular-shaped than in females. The length of

1425-410: A unique experience on how animals are adapting to an ever-changing eastern United States. Some animals, which can be seen include the red-tailed hawk , barn owl , bobcat , river otter , white-tailed deer , wild turkey , and black bear . Towards the end of ZooAmerica is Big Sky Country, which exhibits animals in their native environment in a unique way. It has vast pieces of flat grass, replicas of

1500-456: A variety of new animals including African sheep, antelope, aoudad, bison, black bear, chipmunk, crow, deer, duck, emu, fox, goat, goose, groundhog, hare, hawk, llama, monkey, opossum, owl, parakeet, partridge, pheasant, rabbit, raccoon, skunk, squirrel, and wolf. The zoo also built a diversified wildlife education exhibit on Pennsylvania's wildlife. In 1971, Hershey Park and Zoo America both closed for renovations. A year later, they both re-opened,

1575-549: Is a species of venomous lizard native to the Southwestern United States and the northwestern Mexican state of Sonora . It is a heavy, slow-moving reptile, up to 56 centimetres (22 in) long, and it is the only venomous lizard native to the United States. Its venomous close relatives, the four beaded lizards (all former subspecies of Heloderma horridum ) inhabit Mexico and Guatemala . The Gila monster

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1650-488: Is known about the social behavior of Gila monster, but it has been observed engaging in male to male combat, in which the dominant male lies on top of the subordinate one and pins it with its front and hind limbs. While fighting, both lizards arch their bodies, pushing against each other and twisting around in an effort to gain the dominant position. A "wrestling match" ends when the pressure exerts their forces, although bouts may be repeated. These bouts are typically observed in

1725-537: Is mentioned multiple times. In Milton Hershey: The Chocolate King , ZooAmerica is mentioned quite a few times. The film was narrated by Jack Perkins and is available on Netflix and Biography.com . 40°17′15″N 76°39′03″W  /  40.28750°N 76.65083°W  / 40.28750; -76.65083 Hershey Trust Company The Hershey Trust Company is an American trust company based in Hershey, Pennsylvania , established in 1905. Its sole business

1800-658: Is pigmented in black-blue colors, picks up scent molecules to be transferred to the opening of the Jacobson organ around the middle of the upper mouth cavern. Prey may be crushed to death if large, or eaten alive, most of the time head first, and helped down by muscular contractions and neck flexing. After food has been swallowed, the Gila monster may immediately resume tongue flicking and search behavior for identifying more prey such as eggs or young in nests. Gila monsters are able to climb trees, cacti , and even fairly straight, rough-surfaced walls. "I have never been called to attend

1875-518: Is sluggish in nature, so it is not generally dangerous and very rarely poses a real threat to humans. However, it has a fearsome reputation and is sometimes killed despite the species being protected by state law in Arizona . The name "Gila" refers to the Gila River Basin in the U.S. states of Arizona and New Mexico , where the Gila monster was once plentiful. Heloderma means "studded skin", from

1950-468: Is still very questionable. A more successful strategy would be, for example, if the new "settlers" were offered intensive education about this species (e.g., limited toxicity, lifestyle) with the aim of tolerating the reptile or even being proud of having this unique "roommate" in one's own neighborhood. In 1963, the San Diego Zoo became the first zoo to successfully breed Gila monsters in captivity. In

2025-805: Is the management of several charitable trusts endowed by Milton S. Hershey . The largest is the Milton Hershey School Trust, which has $ 17.4 billion of assets as of 2021, including Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company and a controlling stake in The Hershey Company . On April 28, 1905, the Pennsylvania Department of State issued a charter creating the Hershey Trust Company, which was incorporated by Milton S. Hershey , Harry Lebkicher and John E. Snyder. It provided banking services and mortgages to residents of Hershey and

2100-422: Is true for animals relocated to appropriate habitats. Besides this, they also become more exposed to predators. Therefore, the process of simple relocation is "naïve" and potentially dangerous for both the relocated animals and existing populations and for the inhabitants of the region where the resettlement is taking place. If relocating the lizards further away, they might be totally disoriented, thus their survival

2175-523: The Ancient Greek words helos ( ἧλος ), "the head of a nail or stud", and derma ( δέρμα ), "skin". The species epithet suspectum comes from the describer, paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope . At first, this new specimen of Heloderma was misidentified and considered to be a northern variation of the beaded lizard already known to live in Mexico. He suspected that the lizard might be venomous due to

2250-470: The IUCN . They are listed as "Apparently Secure" by NatureServe . In 1952, the Gila monster became the first venomous animal to be given legal protection. They are now protected in all states of their distribution. International trade in the species is regulated under Appendix II of CITES . "Possibly the greatest threat to the continued existence of helodermatids is the man-made destruction of their habitat as

2325-567: The eggs of birds, lizards, snakes, and tortoises . Three to four extensive meals in spring are claimed to give them enough energy for a whole season. They can store fat in their tails and therefore do not need to eat often. Nevertheless, they feed whenever they come across suitable prey. Young Gila monsters can swallow up to 50% of their body weight in a single meal. Adults may eat up to one third of their body weight in one meal. The Gila monster uses its extremely acute sense of smell to locate prey. The strong, two-ended tipped tongue, which

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2400-452: The small and large intestines . These bioactive peptides are able to bind to VIP receptors in many different human tissues. One of these, helodermin, has been shown to inhibit the growth of lung cancer . In February 2024, a Colorado man died after sustaining a 4 minute long bite from a pet Gila Monster. Autopsy reports determined cause of death to come from the animal bite/venom. The constituents of H. suspectum venom that have received

2475-515: The snowy owl , peregrine falcon , gray wolf , bald eagle , porcupine , American marten and Canada lynx . It provides a great experience on how animals survive in some of the coldest climates. ZooAmerica is an active member in the conservation and breeding process known as the Species Survival Plan (SSP). The zoo currently houses and is working to breed the thick-billed parrots, Canada lynx, black-footed ferret, and ocelots. Previously,

2550-443: The thick-billed parrot , blue spiny lizard , Mexican beaded lizard , chuckwalla , Gila monster , roadrunner , Gambel's quail , burrowing owl , desert tortoise , nine-banded armadillo , Arizona mountain kingsnake , Texas banded gecko , common vampire bat , sidewinder , gopher snake , rosy boa , black-footed ferret , ocelot , ringtail , coati , and desert box turtle . The Eastern Woodlands section provides guests with

2625-406: The Gila monster came to an abrupt and unexpected end on October 28, 2016, when a backhoe was digging at the outer walls of a house in a suburb of northern Tucson . The backhoe extracted a nest of a female Gila monster with five eggs in the process of hatching. The Gila monster is now known to hatch near the end of October and immediately proceed into hibernation without surfacing. They then appear on

2700-596: The Gila monster has a varied reputation. The Apache believed its breath could kill a man, and the Tohono O'Odham and the Pima believed it possessed a spiritual power that could cause sickness. In contrast, the Seri and the Yaqui believed the Gila monster's hide had healing properties. The Navajo/Dine believe the Gila monster was the first medicine man. The Gila monster starred as a monster in

2775-436: The Gila monster include that the animal's breath is toxic enough to kill humans, that it can spit venom like a spitting cobra , that it can leap several feet in the air to attack, and that the Gila monster did not have an anus and therefore expelled waste from its mouth, the source of its venom and "fetid breath" (perhaps stemming from the fact that its venom in fact has an intense, specific smell). Among Native American tribes,

2850-621: The Helodermatidae may be traced back to the Cretaceous period (145 to 166 million years ago), when Gobiderma pulchrum and Estesia mongolensis were present. The genus Heloderma has existed since the Miocene , when H. texana lived. Fragments of osteoderms from the Gila monster have been found in Late Pleistocene (10,000 to 8,000 years ago) deposits near Las Vegas , Nevada . Because

2925-536: The Office of Attorney General and the Hershey Trust Company agreed that there was a finding of no wrongdoing, but reforms were required of the trust company. In May 2016, the state attorney general asked the company to remove three members from the ten-person board. The attorney general said that the three had allowed "apparent violations" of the 2013 agreement. At about the same time, in an unrelated investigation, John Estey , former chief of staff to Governor Ed Rendell and

3000-587: The Ranger Scratch Kid's Club, a program designed to educate kids about conservation and environmental issues. Five years later, the zoo finished construction of their new education building, the Woodlands Education Center, which gives guests experiences with animals. The first section of ZooAmerica is the Southern Swamps, which has a variety of animals from marshy, semi-tropical areas. Some of

3075-721: The Wren Dale Golf Course and on the Hershey Trust board. Reese withdrew the lawsuit in April 2011, due to deteriorating health. Reese suggested the Pennsylvania Attorney General had enough cause to investigate the Hershey Trust. In 2013, Kathleen Kane , the Pennsylvania Attorney General, announced the conclusion of a two-year investigation into the operations of the Hershey Trust Company, in which

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3150-504: The animals include the cottonmouth , roseate spoonbill , fiddler crab , eastern diamondback rattlesnake , bluespotted sunfish , gopher tortoise , pygmy rattlesnake , corn snake , barred owl , Florida gar , alligator snapping turtle and American alligator . Another section at ZooAmerica is the Great Southwest, which includes a section with nocturnal animals, armadillos and an open-bird sanctuary. Some animals on exhibit include

3225-463: The beaded lizards from further south. The scales of the belly are free from osteoderms. Female Gila monsters go through a total shed lasting about 2 weeks before depositing their eggs. The dorsal part is often shed in one large piece. Adult males normally shed in smaller segments in August. The young seem to be in constant shed. Adults have more or less yellow to pink colors on a black surface. Hatchlings have

3300-503: The bottom of mountain summits and areas where short grass meets with tall grass. Some of the wildlife species include the black-tailed prairie dog , common raven , American elk , mountain lion , long-eared owl , sandhill crane , turkey vulture , and pronghorn . Finally, the last section at ZooAmerica is the Northlands, which showcases animals that are native from Newfoundland across Canada into Alaska. Some animals on exhibit there are

3375-749: The cloaca. One study investigating a population of Gila monsters in southwestern Utah noted that the lizard's activity peaked from late April to mid June. The average distance traveled during their bouts of activity was 210 metres (690 ft), but on occasion some lizards would travel distances greater than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi). During the Gila monster's active season of approximately 90 days, only ten days were spent active. Gila monsters are slow sprinters, but they have relatively high endurance and maximal aerobic capacity ( VO 2 max ) compared to other lizards. They are preyed upon by coyotes , badgers and raptors . Hatchlings are preyed on by snakes, such as kingsnakes ( Lampropeltis sp.). Among adaptations to

3450-555: The end of its lower jaws, unlike snakes, whose venom is produced in glands behind the eyes. The Gila monster lacks strong musculature in glands above the eyes; instead, in Heloderma , the venom is propelled from the gland via a tubing to the base of the lower teeth and then by capillary forces into two grooves of the tooth and then chewed into the victim. The teeth are tightly anchored to the jaw ( pleurodont ). Broken and regular replacement teeth have to wait every time to go into position in

3525-472: The film The Giant Gila Monster (though the titular monster was actually portrayed by a Mexican beaded lizard). It played a minor role in the motion picture The Treasure of the Sierra Madre . In Brock Brower 's 1971 novel The Late Great Creature , fictional horror movie star Simon Moro is presented as famous for playing the reptilian werewolf -like Gila Man. The 2011 animated film Rango featured

3600-519: The grooves in the teeth. The Gila monster is the largest extant lizard species native to North America north of the Mexican border. Its snout-to-vent length ranges from 26 to 36 cm (10 to 14 in). The tail is about 20% of the body size, and the largest specimens may reach 51 to 56 cm (20 to 22 in) in total length. Body mass is typically in the range of 550 to 800 g (1.21 to 1.76 lb). They appear strong in their body structure with

3675-476: The helodermatids have remained relatively unchanged morphologically, they are occasionally regarded as living fossils . Although the Gila monster appears closely related to the monitor lizards (varanids) of Africa, Asia, and Australia, their wide geographical separation and distinct features indicate that Heloderma is better placed in a separate family. The scales of the head, back, and tail contain little pearl-shaped bones (osteoderms) similar to those found in

3750-450: The inventor of Reese's Peanut Butter Cups ), a former board member and president of the Trust, filed a lawsuit against the Hershey Trust Company alleging that board members had been improperly using the Trust's money. One particular issue was the purchase of the Wren Dale Golf Course, in which the Hershey Trust overpaid for the property, to the benefit of board members who were both owners of

3825-408: The land is developed for construction or to create more cultivable land." Gila monsters found in these situations and relocated – with best intentions – up to 1.2 km (0.75 mi)  away, return to where they were found within 2 months and at great effort. This is up to five times the normal energy use than if they had not been removed, which uses up their energy stores unnecessarily. The same

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3900-406: The last two decades, experienced breeders have shared their knowledge and expertise to give advice to other herpetologists on overcoming the difficulties in Heloderma reproduction under human care. Though the Gila monster is venomous, it poses little threat to humans due to its sluggish nature. Nevertheless, it has a fearsome reputation and is often killed by humans. Myths that have formed about

3975-470: The lizard had foul or toxic breath and that its bite was fatal. The Tombstone Epitaph of Tombstone, Arizona , wrote about a Gila monster that a local person caught on May 14, 1881: This is a monster, and no baby at that, it being probably the largest specimen ever captured in Arizona. It is 27 inches long and weighs 35 lb. It was caught by H. C. Hiatt on the road between Tombstone and Grand Central Mill, and

4050-460: The lizard in water, pry the jaws open with a knife or stick, or physically yank the lizard free. While pulling the lizard directly increases risk of severe lacerations from the lizard's sharp teeth, it may also mitigate envenomation. Symptoms of the bite include excruciating pain, edema, and weakness associated with a rapid drop in blood pressure. YouTuber Coyote Peterson described the bite as "like hot lava coursing through your veins" and claimed it

4125-450: The management of type 2 diabetes. It is a synthetic blueprint of the protein exendin-4, isolated from the Gila monster's venom. In a 3-year study with people with type 2 diabetes, exenatide showed healthy sustained glucose levels. The effectiveness is because the lizard protein is 53% identical to glucagon-like peptide-1 analog (GLP-1), a hormone released from the human digestive tract that helps to regulate insulin and glucagon . Using

4200-475: The mating season. Males with greater strength and endurance are thought to enjoy greater reproductive success. Although the Gila monster has a low metabolism and one of the lowest lizard sprint speeds, it has one of the highest aerobic scope values (the increase in oxygen consumption from rest to maximum metabolic exertion) among lizards, allowing it to engage in intense aerobic activity for a sustained period of time. Gila monsters are listed as near threatened by

4275-530: The morning during the dry season (spring and early summer). The lizards move to different shelters every 4–5 days up to the beginning of the summer season. By doing so, they optimize for a suitable microhabitat. Later in the summer, they may be active on warm nights or after a thunderstorm . They maintain a surface body temperature of about 30 °C (86 °F). Close to 37 °C (99 °F), they are able to decrease their body temperature by up to 2 °C (3.6 °F) by an activated, limited evaporation via

4350-403: The most attention from researchers are the bioactive peptides, including helodermin, helospectin, exendin-3, and exendin-4. Exendin-4, which is specific for H. suspectum , has formed the basis of a class of medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes , known as GLP-1 receptor agonists . In 2005, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the drug exenatide (marketed as Byetta) for

4425-401: The next five days in bed, but he completely recovered. When Scientific American ran another ill-founded report on the lizard's ability to kill people, he wrote in reply and described his own studies and personal experience. He wrote that he knew several people who had been bitten by Gila monsters, but had not died from the bite. The Gila monster produces venom in modified salivary glands at

4500-486: The stock of Hershey Trust to the Milton Hershey School Trust. The company sold the Hershey Bank to PNC Financial in 1986. Hershey Trust began growing its private wealth management business in the 1980s, eventually gaining 500 clients with $ 1.1 billion of managed assets. The wealth management business was sold to Bryn Mawr Trust Co. in 2011 for $ 18 million. In February 2011, Robert Reese (grandson of H. B. Reese

4575-536: The surface from May through June the following year when prey should be abundant. In summer, Gila monsters gradually spend less time on the surface to avoid the hottest part of the season; occasionally, they may be active at night. Females that have laid eggs are exhausted and thin, fighting for survival, and have to spend extra effort to "reconstitute". The brumation of Gila monsters begins in October. Gila monsters can live up to 40 years in captivity, though rarely. Little

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4650-476: The surrounding Derry Township . In 1909, when Hershey founded the Milton Hershey School , he appointed Hershey Trust as administrator of the school trust. In 1925, Hershey Trust established Hershey National Bank as a subsidiary to handle its commercial banking business, allowing the parent company to focus on the growing demands of managing the school trust. Milton Hershey died in 1945 and bequeathed

4725-620: The tail of the two sexes is statistically very similar, so it does not help in differentiation of the sexes. Individuals with stout tail ends occur in both nature and under human breeding. The Gila monster is found in the Southwestern United States and Mexico, across a range including Sonora, Arizona, and parts of California , Nevada, Utah , and New Mexico. No records have been given from Baja California . They inhabit scrubland , succulent desert, and oak woodland, seeking shelter in burrows, thickets, and under rocks in locations with

4800-560: The trust had $ 17.4 billion of assets. Its assets include Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company , a controlling stake in the Hershey Company , and ownership of the Hershey Trust Company itself. The trust was created in 1909 by a deed of trust from Milton and Catherine Hershey , granting 486 acres (197 ha) of land in Hershey for the establishment of the Milton Hershey School. In 1918, Milton Hershey quietly donated to

4875-777: The trust the bulk of his fortune, $ 60 million of stock in Hershey Chocolate Company (now the Hershey Company). The company administers the Milton S. Hershey Foundation, which operates: The foundation also endowed the Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center through a gift using funds provided by the Milton Hershey School Trust. Hershey Trust also serves as trustee of the Hershey Cemetery Perpetual Care Maintenance Trust. The company

4950-522: The venomous Gila monster is also an example of a medical value of venom peptides, targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The Gila monster emerges from brumation in early March. Gila monsters sexually mature at 4–5 years old. It mates in April and May. The male initiates courtship by flicking his tongue to search for the female's scent. If the female rejects his advances, she will bite him and chase him away. When successful, copulation has been observed in captivity to last from 15 minutes to two and

5025-402: The wild has been a subject of ongoing speculation. The first model stated that youngsters hatch in fall and stay underground. The second theory postulated a nearly developed embryo remains inside the egg over winter and hatches in spring. Hatchlings (weight about 35 g (1.2 oz)) are observed at the end of April to early June. Discussions of the exact egg development and hatching cycle of

5100-517: The zoo has also held swift fox as part of the SSP. In the past, ZooAmerica played a big role in bringing back the golden eagle and peregrine falcon, which were both facing severe threats in the wild. However, ZooAmerica has raised many birds of prey which were later released, including a peregrine that was later found nesting along the Susquehanna River . Beginning in 2011, ZooAmerica became involved in

5175-556: The zoo included a new monkey island, a barnyard petting zoo and baby animals such as llamas and elephants. Six years later, John Strawbridge III became the new director of ZooAmerica. Under his direction, the zoo was connected with Hershey Park and decided to focus entirely on North American animals. He even made sure the animals had naturalistic exhibits. The new North American Wildlife Park occupied 11 acres and consisted of five sections: North Woods, Eastern Woodlands, Big Sky Country, Grassy Waters, and Cactus Community. In 1982, ZooAmerica

5250-410: Was "the worst pain [he] had ever experienced". It is generally regarded as the most painful venom produced by any vertebrate. More than a dozen peptides and other substances have been isolated from the Gila monster's venom, including hyaluronidase , serotonin , phospholipase A 2 , and several kallikrein -like glycoproteins responsible for the pain and edema caused by a bite, without producing

5325-567: Was accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums becoming only the second zoo or aquarium in Pennsylvania to get accredited. Finally, in 2000 ZooAmerica opened a new bear exhibit featuring hills, grass, toys, and a 13,000-gallon swimming pond with fish for the bears. The following year two albino alligators were temporarily acquired, and another in 2012. In 2004, the zoo established a program for kids to become more involved with conservation. It included an official mascot, Ranger Scratch, and

5400-641: Was among the first to research the actual effects of Gila monster venom. Scientific American reported in 1890, "The breath is very fetid, and its odor can be detected at some little distance from the lizard. It is supposed that this is one way in which the monster catches the insects and small animals which form a part of its food supply – the foul gas overcoming them." Goodfellow offered to pay local residents $ 5.00 for Gila monster specimens. He bought several and collected more on his own. In 1891, he purposely provoked one of his captive lizards into biting him on his finger. The bite made him ill and he spent

5475-493: Was purchased by Messrs. Ed Baker and Charles Eastman, who now have it on exhibition at Kelley's Wine House, next door above Grand Hotel, Allen Street. Eastern people who have never seen one of these monsters should not fail to inspect his Aztecship, for they might accidentally stumble upon one some fine day and get badly frightened, except they know what it is. On May 8, 1890, southeast of Tucson , Arizona Territory , Empire Ranch owner Walter Vail captured and thought he had killed

5550-409: Was renovated and some exhibits were built along the creek. In 1916, the zoo displayed hundreds of animals. By 1934, the zoo covered more than 40 acres, had a reptile house and a pair of baby elephants, but they were sold after Hershey overheard a guest talk about how they prefer the monkeys. After Milton Hershey's death and the end of World War II, the zoo opened under new leadership. The zoo acquired

5625-541: Was trustee of the Milton S. Hershey Testamentary Trust until 2012. This trust was established in 1945 upon Milton Hershey's death, endowed with his remaining fortune of $ 900,000, for the benefit of the Derry Township School District . The trust assets grew to $ 24 million as of 2012, supporting an annual payment to the school district of $ 1.8 million. Gila monster The Gila monster ( Heloderma suspectum , / ˈ h iː l ə / HEE -lə )

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