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30-517: The museum is located in the historic Sur district of Diyarbakır. It is close to Grand Mosque and the Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı Museum . Ziya Gökalp (1876–1924) was one of the most important intellectuals and spokesmen of the Turkish nationalist movement. The museum building is the house, where he was born and grew up in. The building was constructed in 1808. In 1953, the house was bought by

60-407: A rab' , a low-income rental apartment complex, which was situated on the upper floors while the merchant accommodations occupied the lower floors. While making the best use of limited space in a crowded city, this provided the building with two sources of revenue which were managed through the waqf system. Alphabetically, not taking article (al-, el-, etc.) into consideration. "The whole of

90-670: A caravanserai building (like in the külliye of the Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul) or drew revenues from one in the area (such as the Wikala al-Ghuri in Cairo, which was built to contribute revenues for the nearby complex of Sultan al-Ghuri ). Most typically a caravanserai was a building with a square or rectangular walled exterior, with a single portal wide enough to permit large or heavily laden beasts such as camels to enter. The courtyard

120-613: A commercial agency, which may also have been a reference to the customs offices that could be located here to deal with imported goods. The term khan was also frequently used for this type of building in Egypt. The term okelle or okalle , the Italianized rendering of the Arabic word wikala , is used for a type of large urban buildings in 19th century Egypt, specifically in Alexandria . Here,

150-523: A common feature not only along the Silk Road, but also along the Achaemenid Empire 's Royal Road , a 2,500-kilometre-long (1,600 mi) ancient highway that stretched from Sardis to Susa according to Herodotus : "Now the true account of the road in question is the following: Royal stations exist along its whole length, and excellent caravanserais; and throughout, it traverses an inhabited tract, and

180-613: A fountain or a sabil/sebil . They kept fodder for animals and had shops for travellers where they could acquire new supplies. Some shops bought goods from the travelling merchants. Many caravanserais were equipped with small mosques, such as the elevated examples in the Seljuk and Ottoman caravanserais in Turkey. In Cairo, starting in the Burji Mamluk period, wikala s (urban caravanserais) were frequently several stories tall and often included

210-580: A town or a city or to any caravanserai in general, including those built in the countryside and along desert routes. In Turkish the word is rendered as han . The same word was used in Bosnian and Bulgarian, having arrived through the Ottoman conquest . In addition to Turkish and Persian, the term was widely used in Arabic as well, and examples of such buildings are found throughout the Middle East from as early as

240-432: Is funduq which has a director living there with a company of horse and foot. After sunset or nightfall the director comes to the funduq with his secretary and writes down the names of all the travellers who will pass the night there, seals it and locks the door of the funduq . In the morning he and his secretary come and call everybody by name and write down a record. He sends someone with the travellers to conduct them to

270-721: Is free from danger." Other significant urban caravanserais were built along the Grand Trunk Road in the Indian subcontinent , especially in the region of Mughal Delhi and Bengal Subah . Throughout most of the Islamic period (seventh century and after), caravanserais were a common type of structure both in the rural countryside and in dense urban centers across the Middle East , North Africa , and Ottoman Europe. A number of 12th to 13th-century caravanserais or han s were built throughout

300-537: Is the Persian compound word variant combining kārvān " caravan " with -sarāy "palace", "building with enclosed courts". Here "caravan" means a group of traders, pilgrims or other travellers, engaged in long-distance travel. The word is also rendered as caravansary , caravansaray , caravanseray , caravansara , and caravansarai . In scholarly sources, it is often used as an umbrella term for multiple related types of commercial buildings similar to inns or hostels, whereas

330-577: Is the name given to the caravanserais built by the Mughal Empire in Bengal . The Bara Katra (Bengali: বড় কাটরা , romanized:  Baṛa Kāṭrā , lit.   'Great Caravanserai') and Chhota Katra (Bengali: ছোট কাটরা , romanized:  Chōṭa kāṭrā , lit.   'Small Caravanserai') refers to two magnificent Mughal katras in Dhaka , Bangladesh . Caravanserais were

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360-454: The Ministry of Culture , and it was opened as a house museum on 23 March 1956. The building has a ground floor and an upper floor. The basalt-stone house is composed of three sections around a courtyard. Unlike other Diyarbakır historical houses, the house pool is placed in the iwan rather than in the courtyard. On 7 September 2014, a group of mob assaulted the house and put the furniture in

390-743: The Seljuk Empire , many examples of which have survived across Turkey today (e.g. the large Sultan Han in Aksaray Province ) as well as in Iran (e.g. the Ribat of Sharaf in Khorasan province ). Urban versions of caravanserais also became important centers of economic activity in cities across these different regions of the Muslim world, often concentrated near the main bazaar areas, with many examples still standing in

420-892: The Umayyad Caliphate . The term han is also used in Romanian being adopted from Ottoman Turkish. The term funduq ( Arabic : فندق ; sometimes spelled foundouk or fondouk from the French transliteration) is frequently used for historic inns around the Maghreb . The word comes from Koinē Greek : πανδοκεῖον , romanized:  welcoming all; an inn ; it appears as Hebrew : פונדק , romanized :  pundaq , fundaco in Venice , fondaco in Genoa and alhóndiga or fonda in Spanish. In

450-1008: The Great (356 BC – 323 BC), Roman Empire , Byzantine Empire , Marwanids , Ayyubid Empire and Ottoman Empire . The current mayor is Feyme Filiz Buluttekin. As Kaymakan was appointed Abdullah Çiftçi. There are 100 neighbourhoods in Sur District: Sur is a historic and cultural center. It features historic Diyarbakır houses, Diyarbakır Archaeological Museum , Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı Museum , East Syriac Rite St. Mary's Cathedral , Syriac Orthodox St. Mary Church , St. Giragos Armenian Church , Dicle Bridge , Deliler Inn , Hasan Pasha Inn , Hazreti Süleyman Mosque containing graves of 27 companions of Muhammad , Nebi Mosque , Sheikh Matar Mosque and its Four-legged Minaret, Great Mosque of Diyarbakır and Diyarbakır Fortress as well as caravanserais , madrasas , shadirvans and inscriptions of various historic periods. In 2015, militants linked to

480-420: The Muslim world, caravanserais also provided revenues that were used to fund charitable or religious functions or buildings. These revenues and functions were managed through a waqf , a protected agreement which gave certain buildings and revenues the status of mortmain endowments guaranteed under Islamic law . Many major religious complexes in the Ottoman and Mamluk empires, for example, either included

510-477: The PKK and Turkish Army and Special Forces continued until early 2016. Amnesty International has estimated that 300,000 people were displaced by the conflict, and branded the government's response 'collective punishment'. International Crisis Group has estimated that around 1,700 people have been killed in the resulting conflict and estimates the number of displaced people at 350,000. Human Rights Watch criticized

540-427: The Turkish government for 'blocking access for independent investigations into alleged mass abuses against civilians across southeast Turkey'. Many houses were destroyed and registered historic buildings were seriously damaged. In March 2016, the government launched a project for the restoration of all the damaged historic structures and the rebuilding of destroyed houses in accordance of their original style. However,

570-414: The actual instances of such buildings had a variety of names depending on the region and the local language. However, the term was typically preferred for rural inns built along roads outside of city walls. The word khan ( خان ) derives from a clipping of Middle Persian : 𐭡𐭩𐭲𐭠 , romanized:  xānag , lit.   'house'. It could refer to an urban caravanserai built within

600-503: The adjacent countryside. The historical Diyarbakır Fortress lies in this district, which takes its name from the castle walls ( Turkish : sur ). Sur district was created in 2008 from part of the central district ( Merkez ) of Diyarbakır. It is situated at the Tigris bank, on the felsic lava of the shield volcano Karaca Dağ at an elevation of 600 m (2,000 ft) above mean sea level . Many historic buildings and structures in

630-680: The banned Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) entered Sur district, erected barricades and dug ditches in the streets. The local authority banned public gatherings and imposed a 24-hour curfew in Sur on the 11 December 2015, and the Turkish Army deployed about 200 troops of the Special Forces Command to conduct house-to-house searches. The conflict resulted in most residents abandoning their homes. Abandoned houses in various neighborhoods of Sur district were occupied by militants, and clashes between

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660-496: The cities of this region such buildings were also frequently used as housing for artisan workshops. The Arabic word wikala ( وكالة ), sometimes spelled wakala or wekala , is a term found frequently in historic Cairo for an urban caravanserai which housed merchants and their goods and served as a center for trade, storage, transactions and other commercial activity. The word wikala means roughly "agency" in Arabic , in this case

690-576: The day's journey. Caravanserais supported the flow of commerce, information and people across the network of trade routes covering Asia, North Africa and Southeast Europe , most notably the Silk Road . Often located along rural roads in the countryside, urban versions of caravanserais were also historically common in cities throughout the Islamic world , and were often called other names such as khan , wikala , or funduq . Caravanserai ( Persian : کاروانسرای , romanized :  kārvānsarāy ),

720-459: The district are witness of several civilizations and rich cultures, which were hosted in the location in the history. The background of Sur goes back to 7500 BC. Archaeological excavations showed that world's oldest settlement was located in the region. Civilizations ruled here are Hurrians ( Bronze Age ), Mitanni (c. 1500 BC–c. 1300 BC), Hittites (c. 1600 BC–c. 1178 BC), Assur (early Bronze Age), Persians (early 10th century BC), Alexander

750-408: The historic areas of Damascus , Aleppo , Cairo , Istanbul , Fes , etc. Ibn Battuta , a 14th-century Muslim traveler, described the function of a caravenserai in the region of China: China is the safest and best country for the traveller. A man travels for nine months alone with great wealth and has nothing to fear. What is responsible for this is that in every post station in their country

780-424: The house on fire. Valuable books and furniture were burned and the museum was temporarily closed to visits. According to Aydınlık newspaper, the masked mob was a PKK -oriented group. Sur, Diyarbak%C4%B1r Sur is a municipality and district of Diyarbakır Province , Turkey . Its area is 1,227 km , and its population is 100,613 (2022). It covers the eastern part of the city of Diyarbakır and

810-406: The next post station and he brings back a certificate from the director of the funduq confirming that they have all arrived. If he does not do this he is answerable for them. This is the procedure in every post station in their country from Sin al-Sin to Khan Baliq. In them is everything the traveller needs by way of provisions, especially hens and geese. Sheep are rare among them. In many parts of

840-510: The older Egyptian wikala was reinterpreted in an Italianate style by the Italian architect Francesco Mancini . Directed by Muhammad Ali , he designed and built a number of okelle s delineating the Place des Consuls (the main square of Alexandria's European quarter), which served as consular mansions, a European-style hotel, and a stock exchange, among other functions. Kāṭrā ( Bengali : কাটরা )

870-470: The project was criticized by the Turkish Union of Architects and Engineers Chambers, who claimed that the project would take “a defense-centered approach”, which would require the destruction of some historic structures. Caravanserai A caravanserai (or caravansary ; / k ær ə ˈ v æ n s ə ˌ r aɪ / ) was a roadside inn where travelers ( caravaners ) could rest and recover from

900-450: Was almost always open to the sky, and the inside walls of the enclosure were outfitted with a number of identical animal stalls , bays, niches or chambers to accommodate merchants and their servants, animals, and merchandise. Caravanserais provided water for human and animal consumption, washing and ritual purification such as wudu and ghusl . Sometimes they had elaborate public baths ( hammams ), or other attached amenities such as

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