27-646: Zitácuaro , officially known as Heroica Zitácuaro , is a city in the Mexican state of Michoacán . The city is the administrative centre for the surrounding municipality of the same name, which lies at the extreme eastern side of Michoacán and borders on the adjacent state of México . The city reported a population of 185,534 in the 2010 census. The municipality has an area of 498 km (192.3 sq mi). The name Zitácuaro comes from Mazahua Tsitákuarhu . Zitácuaro stands at 19°26′N 100°22′W / 19.433°N 100.367°W / 19.433; -100.367 , in
54-501: A long time. Finally Calleja saw that taking the city was hard and changed his plan and left it. While Calleja was leaving the revolutionary army also left Zitacuaro. Calleja was now too far from Zitacuaro to intercept the revolutionary leaders. When Calleja knew that the city was open, he occupied it. After the Zitacuaro events, Rayón took part with José María Morelos in the first National Congress at Chilpancingo . Four years later, he
81-622: A shootout at a motorcycle repair shop during a supposed drug deal gone bad on 25 May 2020 at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico . 1,522 infections and 132 deaths were reported in the state on 30 May, with 26 infections and eight deaths in Zitácuaro. Presa del bosque is an important dam built between 1951 and 1954 by the Commission Federal de Electricidad. The Presa del Bosque is supplied by
108-460: A third occasion on 15 April 1865 by French Imperial troops in reprisal for the Republicans' victory at Tacámbaro some days earlier. In recognition of the turbulent events of the previous half-century and the city's heroism, on 20 April 1868 President Benito Juárez issued a decree whereby San Juan Zitácuaro would henceforth be known by the name of "Heroica Zitácuaro". Four people died during
135-524: Is located 5 kilometers from the south of the Zitácuaro beside the Zitácuaro-Huetamo Road. The main entrance is from the pueblo colonia linda vista and the dam is surrounded by the towns of La Y Griega, La Encarnacion, La Palma, Los Sapotes and other smaller communities. It is a tourist destination, and fishing, camping and other activities are permitted. The area is especially popular in Holy Week when
162-563: The Colegio de San Nicolás in Valladolid (today's Morelia ) and in Mexico City's Colegio de San Ildefonso where he became a lawyer in 1796. He lived in Mexico City but when his father got sick he had to go back to Morelia to take control of the family business (agriculture and mining) and the post office in the town. In August 1810 he married María Ana Martínez de Rulfo. During the first months of
189-632: The Purépecha League and those of the Aztec Empire . The locals are reported to have fought alongside the Aztecs, with whom they were allied, in the failed defence of Tenochtitlan . Following this defeat, Franciscan friars established a parish church with the name of San Juan Tzitácuaro, and a monastery was founded in the early 18th century. Following Mexico's Declaration of Independence in September 1810,
216-598: The Supreme National American Meeting . Rayón was the president. They created the first revolutionary newspaper, the El Ilustrador Nacional edited by Andrés Quintana Roo and José María Cos. Because the importance of Rayón, the Spanish sent an assassin J. Arnoldo but he failed and was killed. On January 1, 1812, Zitacuaro was attacked by general Félix María Calleja . The revolutionary army resisted
243-837: The United Mexican States . There are 32 federal entities in Mexico (31 states and the capital, Mexico City , as a separate entity that is not formally a state). States are further divided into municipalities . Mexico City is divided into boroughs , officially designated as demarcaciones territoriales or alcaldías , similar to other states' municipalities but with different administrative powers. Mexico's post agency, Correos de México , does not offer an official list of state name abbreviations, and as such, they are not included below. A list of Mexican states and several versions of their abbreviations can be found here . Notes: Ignacio L%C3%B3pez Ray%C3%B3n Ignacio López Rayón (July 31, 1773 – February 2, 1832)
270-743: The Zitácuaro River (or San Juan Viejo), the San Isidro and a tributary of the Tuxpan River . It is located 1,742 meters above sea level. The dam has a capacity of 248 million cubic meters and belongs to the Miguel Alemán hydroelectric system. Its water is conducted to the regulatory dam of Colorines in the State of México. The water is used in hydroelectric plants in Ixtapatongo, Santa Barbara and Tingambato . It
297-523: The "Cerro del Grillo" hill where all the artillery, ammunition, food and silver was. With these actions Rayón's army won the battle. Once in Zacatecas, Rayón spent most of the time with his army, training, getting uniforms and improving his war techniques. Rayón chose to move to Aguascalientes because a big Spanish army was coming to Zacatecas. While Rayón's army was traveling, Colonel Miguel Emparan intercepted them, but Rayón won and kept moving toward
SECTION 10
#1733092889843324-622: The Intendancy of Valladolid. On May 3, close to La Piedad , the Battle of El Maguey took place. Rayón lost the battle and his resources. In La Piedad he tried to get more resources and move out to Zamora . Here he organized some troops and sent them with Torres to Pátzcuaro . Torres was attacked in the Tinaja Hill. Rayón went to help him and they both won the battle against the Spanish army. Rayón tried to attack Valladolid (today's Morelia ) but because
351-631: The Mexican War of Independence he got in contact with Antonio Fernández, an independence soldier. Rayón sent him a letter with the idea of creating a group of people to represent the power of Fernando VII to try to stop the waste of resources. Miguel Hidalgo was in agreement with the idea. The Spanish tried to capture Rayón but he escaped and joined Miguel Hidalgo's troops in Maravatío . Later on, he became Hidalgo's private secretary. In Guadalajara , Hidalgo named him Secretary of State, and as such, he signed
378-491: The Spanish received reinforcements he ceased the attack. He went to Tiripetío to change the course of the war. Here he distributed his forces, starting a guerrilla war. He sent Torres to Pátzcuaro and Uruapan , Navarrete to Zacapu , Mariano Caneiga to Panindícuaro and Manuel Muñiz to Tacámbaro . Rayón went to Zitacuaro to prepare the defense. Emparan left Maravatío to attack Zitacuaro on June 22. Rayón had fewer men than Emparan but better artillery. Rayón's army attracted
405-407: The area around Zitácuaro joined the insurgent cause under the leadership of Benedicto López , a local criollo farmer. In response to López's cutting off of the royal road between Mexico City and Valladolid , the viceroy sent a regiment of loyalist troops to put down the rebellion. This regiment was repulsed on 20 February 1811 and defeated on 22 May, and its captain, Juan Bautista de la Torre ,
432-511: The attackers to town. Close to the artillery range, the battle lasted the whole day. The Spanish could not take the town, with heavy losses for both armies. Rayón conceived the idea of creating a central government to unify the independence leaders. He wrote a letter to Jose Maria Morelos y Pavon ; Morelos agreed to become a member of the group and sent José Sixto Verduzco in his representation. From August 19 to 21, Rayón, José María Liceaga , Joaquín López, José Sixto Verduzco and others created
459-454: The city and, on 12 January 1812, regained control, sacked it, and summarily razed it to the ground. The 1812 incident was the first burning of Zitácuaro. The second took place on 1 April 1855, at the hands of troops loyal to Gen. Antonio López de Santa Anna during the Revolution of Ayutla , in response to the city's expressed support for Gen. Juan Álvarez . The city was burnt to the ground on
486-624: The emancipation of slaves on December 6, 1810. He organized the provisional government with José María Chico as president, Pascasio Ortiz de Letona as ambassador and Francisco Severo Maldonado as chief editor of the first newspaper of the rebellion: El Despertador Americano (in English: The American Watchclock ). Miguel Hidalgo's army was defeated in the Battle of Calderon Bridge and Rayón escaped to Aguascalientes to join Rafael Iriarte . They went to Zacatecas to join
513-425: The famed Mexican wintering grounds of the monarch butterfly . In 1995 the municipality reported a total population of 145,500 inhabitants, accounting for 3.1% of the state's total population. Of these, some 3,740 people spoke an indigenous language (primarily Otomi , Mazahua , and Nahuatl ). Zitácuaro is an important intermediate point on Federal Highway 15 , which runs from Mexico City to Morelia (following
540-448: The municipal authorities organize various activities. People swim in the dam water because of its mythical curing powers. It is also a popular area for football, volleyball, riding and other recreational pursuits. 19°24′N 100°22′W / 19.400°N 100.367°W / 19.400; -100.367 States of Mexico The states are the first-level administrative divisions of Mexico and are officially named
567-647: The northeast corner of Michoacán, some 150 km east of state capital Morelia, at an elevation of 1,942 metres above sea level. The municipality covers a total of 498 km and is drained by the Río Zitácuaro , the Río San Andrés , and the Río San Juan Viejo . The surrounding terrain are avocado orchards and the pine-covered mountains of the Sierra Madre Occidental ; to the north of Zitácuaro are
SECTION 20
#1733092889843594-772: The rest of the army that had escaped from the Battle of Calderon Bridge. The army moved to Saltillo , Coahuila . The insurgents' chiefs tried to travel to the United States, while the army remained in Saltillo with Rayón as the army chief; because of this Rayón became general. In this travel Miguel Hidalgo, Ignacio Allende and the others were captured in Wells of Baján and sentenced to death. On March 26, 1811, Rayón moved out from Saltillo to Zacatecas. At that time his army comprised 3500 soldiers and 22 guns. The Spanish army found Rayón's army in
621-465: The route of the colonial royal road). Another road branches off in the city en route for Huetamo , Ciudad Altamirano , and the Pacific Ocean coast. A railways leads northwards to Maravatío (nowadays used only for freight). Other towns and villages in the municipality are: Aputzio de Juárez , Crescencio Morales , Curungueo , San Felipe de los Alzati , and Zirahuato . An indigenous settlement
648-502: The way of Agua Nueva, and Rayón lost 77 men (prisoners). On April 1, the battle of los Piñones began, which Rayón won after six hours. On April 13 Rayón sent Pedro María de Anaya and Víctor Rosales to scout the Zacatecas army, while he took position in the "Los Misioneros de Guadalupe college". On April 15, 1811, the battle for Zacatecas began. Patriot general José Antonio Torres [ es ] (nicknamed "el Amo Torres") conquered
675-627: Was a general who led the insurgent forces of his country after Miguel Hidalgo 's death, during the first years of the Mexican War of Independence . He subsequently established the first government, Zitacuaro Council , and first constitution of the proposed independent nation, called Constitutional Elements . López Rayón was born in Tlalpujahua, Intendancy of Valladolid, the first son of Andrés Mariano López-Rayón Piña (1742–1805) and María Josefa Rafaela López-Aguado y López-Bolaños (1754–1822). He went to
702-500: Was founded on the site of modern-day Zitácuaro, possibly as early as the 12th century, by Otomis and Mazahuas (an Otomi ceremonial centre still stands in San Felipe de los Alzati , 9 km to the north of the municipal seat). In the mid-14th century, Mazahuas led by Yquingari conquered the region. At the time of the Spanish conquest , the area stood on the border between the lands of
729-502: Was taken prisoner and killed by indigenous militia-men. Later that summer, Benedicto López surrendered control of the city to Ignacio López Rayón , who set up in Zitácuaro on 21 August 1811 the Suprema Junta Nacional Americana (the "Supreme American National Council"), recognised as the first attempt by the insurgents to establish an independent government. This outraged the royalist forces in Mexico City, which attacked
#842157