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28-577: The Zielona Góra was established on 1 June 1975, as part of the administrative reform , and was one of the voivodeships (provinces) of the Polish People's Republic . It was formed from the part of the territory of the Zielona Góra Voivodeship . Its capital was located in the city of Zielona Góra . In 1975, it was inhabited by 580 000 people. On 9 December 1989, the Polish People's Republic

56-623: A voivode ( wojewoda ), an elected assembly called a sejmik , and an executive board ( zarząd województwa ) chosen by that assembly, headed by a voivodeship marshal ( marszałek województwa ). Voivodeships are further divided into powiats ('counties') and gminas ('communes' or 'municipalities'), the smallest administrative divisions of Poland . [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Some English-language sources, in historical contexts, speak of " palatinates " rather than "voivodeships". The term " palatinate " traces back to

84-596: A ' warlord ', 'war leader' or 'leader of warriors', but now simply the governor of a województwo ) and the suffix -ztwo (a "state or condition"). The English voivodeship , which is a hybrid of the loanword voivode and -ship (the latter a suffix that calques the Polish suffix -ztwo ), has never been much used and is absent from many dictionaries. According to the Oxford English Dictionary , it first appeared in 1792, spelled "woiwodship", in

112-415: A red Norman style escutcheon (shield) with square top and acute base. Inside the shield was featured a white (silver) eagle with elevated wings, and a green figure in a shape of the borders of the voivodeship, with two blue rivers featured on it: Oder and Lusatian Neisse . Its flag was a rectangle divided horizontally into two stripes, a yellow one on the top, and a green one on the bottom. The leader of

140-437: A result of Polish–Soviet border agreement of August 1945 were very similar to the current voivodeships. Collapsed list of car registration plates from 1937, please use table-sort buttons. After World War II, the new administrative division of the country within the new national borders was based on the prewar one and included 14 (+2) voivodeships, then 17 (+5). The voivodeships in the east that had not been annexed by

168-785: Is a list of the Voivodeships within Lesser Poland over the period of the mid-16th century until the late 18th century: Voivodeships of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were based on the administrative structure that existed in the Duchy prior to the Commonwealth's formation, from at least the early-15th century. They were: While the Duchy of Livonia

196-519: Is an antiquarian consideration, as the word "province" has not been used in Poland in this sense of a region for over two centuries; and those former larger political units, all now obsolete, can now be referred to in English as what they actually were: "regions". The Polish województwo , designating a second-tier Polish or Polish–Lithuanian administrative unit, derives from wojewoda , (etymologically,

224-432: The urząd wojewódzki . The sejmik is elected every five years. (The first of the five-year terms began in 2018; previous terms lasted four years.) ) Elections for the sejmik fall at the same time as that of local authorities at powiat and gmina level. The sejmik passes by-laws , including the voivodeship's development strategies and budget. It also elects the marszałek and other members of

252-457: The Latin palatinus , which traces back to palatium ("palace"). More commonly used now is province or voivodeship . The latter is a loanword - calque hybrid formed on the Polish " województwo ". Some writers argue against rendering województwo in English as "province", on historical grounds: before the third, last Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , in 1795, each of

280-548: The provincial assembly , the marshal is the head of the collective voivodeship executive board , which acts as the de facto cabinet for the region. The current competences and traditions of the contemporary voivodeship marshal stem from the Public Administrative Reform Act of 1998, which went into effect in January 1999. A voivodeship marshal is elected by an absolute majority from the voivodeship sejmik in

308-541: The voivode (governor), the sejmik (regional assembly) and the marshal . In most cases these institutions are all based in one city, but in Kuyavian-Pomeranian and Lubusz Voivodeship the voivode's offices are in a different city from those of the executive and the sejmik. Voivodeship capitals are listed in the table below. The voivode is appointed by the Prime Minister and is the regional representative of

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336-562: The 14th century and is commonly translated into English as " province ". The Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998, which went into effect on 1 January 1999, reduced the number of voivodeships to sixteen. These 16 replaced the 49 former voivodeships that had existed from 1 July 1975, and bear a greater resemblance (in territory, but not in name) to the voivodeships that existed between 1950 and 1975. Today's voivodeships are mostly named after historical and geographical regions, while those prior to 1998 generally took their names from

364-646: The GDP per capita of Polish voivodeships varies notably and there is a large gap between the richest per capita voivodeship (being the Masovian Voivodeship at 33,500 EUR) and the poorest per capita (being the Lublin Voivodeship at 14,400 EUR). The following is a list of the Voivodeships within Greater Poland at various points over the period from the mid-16th century until the late 18th century: The following

392-919: The Soviet Union had their borders left almost unchanged. The newly acquired territories in the west and north were organized into the new voivodeships of Szczecin , Wrocław and Olsztyn , and partly joined to Gdańsk , Katowice and Poznań voivodeships. Two cities were granted voivodeship status: Warsaw and Łódź . In 1950, new voivodeships were created: Koszalin (previously part of Szczecin ), Opole (previously part of Katowice ), and Zielona Góra (previously part of Poznań , Wrocław and Szczecin voivodeships). In 1957, three more cities were granted voivodeship status: Wrocław , Kraków and Poznań . Collapsed list of car registration plates from 1956 – please use table-sort buttons Poland's voivodeships 1975–1998 Administrative division of Poland between 1979 and 1998 included 49 voivodeships upheld after

420-437: The administrative division was the voivode . Those were: Voivodeships of Poland A voivodeship ( / ˈ v ɔɪ v oʊ d ʃ ɪ p / VOY -vohd-ship ; Polish : województwo [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ] ; plural: województwa [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfa] ) is the highest-level administrative division of Poland , corresponding to a province in many other countries. The term has been in use since

448-458: The central government. The voivode acts as the head of central government institutions at regional level (such as the police and fire services, passport offices, and various inspectorates), manages central government property in the region, oversees the functioning of local government, coordinates actions in the field of public safety and environment protection, and exercises special powers in emergencies. The voivode's offices collectively are known as

476-431: The cities on which they were centered. The new units range in area from under 10,000 km (3,900 sq mi) ( Opole Voivodeship ) to over 35,000 km (14,000 sq mi) ( Masovian Voivodeship ), and in population from nearly one million (Opole Voivodeship) to over five million (Masovian Voivodeship). Administrative authority at the voivodeship level is shared between a government-appointed governor called

504-506: The establishment of the Third Polish Republic in 1989 for another decade. This reorganization of administrative division of Poland was mainly a result of local government reform acts of 1973–1975. In place of the three-level administrative division (voivodeship, county, commune), a new two-level administrative division was introduced (49 small voivodeships, and communes). The three smallest voivodeships— Warsaw , Kraków and Łódź —had

532-453: The executive, and holds them to account. The executive ( zarząd województwa ), headed by the marszałek drafts the budget and development strategies, implements the resolutions of the sejmik , manages the voivodeship's property, and deals with many aspects of regional policy, including management of European Union funding. The marshal's offices are collectively known as the urząd marszałkowski . According to 2017 Eurostat data,

560-523: The main constituent regions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth — Greater Poland , Lesser Poland , Lithuania , and Royal Prussia —was sometimes idiosyncratically referred to as a "province" ( prowincja ). According to the argument, such a prowincja (for example, Greater Poland) cannot consist of a number of subdivisions (" województw a ", the plural of " województw o ") that are likewise called "provinces". This, however,

588-404: The marshal for infringing a governning statute or the constitution upon request of the province's centrally-appointed voivode . As the head of the executive board, the marshal is tasked to organize the affairs of the body as well as the general governance of the voivodeship, acting as the provincial government's supreme public representative. The marshal, their respective executive boards, and

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616-449: The presence of at least half of all assembly members. The marshal must be elected from among the councillors of the assembly. At most, two other vice-marshals are additionally elected to sit with the marshal on the executive board by the assembly. To dismiss the marshal, three-fifths of the sejmik must agree to his or her vote of no confidence , which will also result in the collapse of the executive board. The prime minister may dismiss

644-437: The provincial assembly are further assisted by a marshal's office ( Polish : urząd marszałkowski ). The marshal's office provides technical, legal, organizational, and bureaucratic support for each of these bodies in the daily running of the voivodeship. In times of emergency or threats to life, public health, security, or material loss in the province, the marshal is reserved extraordinary executive powers normally reserved for

672-470: The sense of "the district or province governed by a voivode." The word subsequently appeared in 1886 also in the sense of "the office or dignity of a voivode." Poland's Commission on Standardization of Geographic Names outside the Republic of Poland, prefers the form which omits the 'e', recommending the spelling "voivodship", for use in English. Competences and powers at voivodeship level are shared between

700-454: The special status of municipal voivodeship; the city president (mayor) was also provincial governor. Collapsed list of Voivodeships: 1975–1998, please use table-sort buttons. Voivodeship marshal A voivodeship marshal ( Polish : marszałek województwa , pronounced [marˈʂawɛɡ vɔjɛˈvut͡stfa] ) is the head of the provincial-level government for each of the sixteen voivodeships of Poland . Elected by councillors from

728-493: Was divided into 57 gminas ( municipalities ), including 7 urban municipalities, 21 urban-rural municipalities, and 29 rural municipalities. It had 28 cities and towns. From 1990 to 1998, it was additionally divided into six district offices , each comprising several municipalities. In 1997, the voivodeship had 28 cities and towns. In 1998, the biggest cities and towns by population were: The voivodeship had addopped its flag and coat of arms on 18 July 1985. The coat of arms had

756-470: Was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, approximately 1569–1772, in various periods it comprised the following voivodeships in varying combinations: From 1816 to 1837 there were 8 voivodeships in Congress Poland . The administrative division of Poland in the interwar period included 16 voivodeships and Warsaw (with voivodeship rights). The voivodeships that remained in Poland after World War II as

784-528: Was replaced by the Third Republic of Poland . In 1997, the voivodeship had a population of 677 800, and in 1998, it had an area of 8,868 km (3,424 sq mi). It existed until 31 December 1998, when most of its territory being incorporated into then-established Lubusz Voivodeship , with some additionally being incorporated into the Greater Poland Voivodeship . In 1997, the voivodeship

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