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32-618: During his rule, he is credited for ordering the construction of the beautiful Taiye Lake , an artificial lake in Beijing , that remains to this day. He also established many Confucian temples throughout Northeast China and was tolerant of both Han and Jurchen cultures and customs. However, the Jin dynasty began to decline as he started neglecting governmental affairs and showing favoritism to one of his concubines Li Shi'er and her family members in political office. The Tatar confederation who once allied with

64-452: A jinshi examination. On the other hand, he permitted Jurchens to follow Han Chinese funeral practices, and Tang and Song dynasty rituals are known to have been performed at his court in 1194. Resuming one of the projects of the Prince of Hailing , Emperor Zhangzong established Confucian temples in all prefectures and counties of his empire. Emperor Zhangzong ordered the construction of

96-557: A rebellion against the Jin dynasty in Jilin Province . The rebel movement gained thousands of followers within months. Yelü Liuge submitted to the Mongols and led the rebels to defeat a 600,000-strong Jin army in Dijinao'er (迪吉腦兒; near present-day Changtu County , Liaoning Province ). Wanyan Yongji was known for being indecisive, undiscerning, and generally ineffective and weak as a ruler. In

128-675: The Communist leadership of the People's Republic of China . Taiye Lake was immortalized in the early 1410s when the Yongle Emperor commissioned The Eight Views of Beijing ( 北京八景圖 ), recording the capital's chief sites in poetry and painting in order to legitimize his removal of the imperial capital away from Nanking . It is best remembered in China today from the scene of "Clear Waves at Taiye Lake" ( 太液晴波 , Tàiyè Qíngbō ). The literal meaning of

160-616: The Ming dynasty , construction on the present-day Forbidden City began in AD 1406 as part of the Yongle Emperor 's relocation of the capital away from Nanjing . The new palace was south of the former Yuan one and the Taiye was expanded south along with it. The soil excavated from the lake and the fortress's moat were piled up to the palace's north to form the Mountain of Long Life (now known as Jingshan ), burying

192-487: The Mongols , under the leadership of Genghis Khan , had been planning to attack the Jin dynasty. The Mongols first attacked Western Xia , a vassal state under the Jin dynasty. When Western Xia requested aid from the Jin dynasty, Wanyan Yongji ignored them; Western Xia eventually surrendered to the Mongols. In 1211, the Mongols launched a full-scale invasion of the Jin dynasty and defeated the Jin armies in some small battles. In

224-483: The Taiye Lake in Beijing for him to go fishing. Unlike his grandfather, Emperor Zhangzong did not consider hunting as a natural and necessary way of military training but viewed it as recreation. One of Emperor Zhangzong's concubines was Li Shi'er (李師兒). Zhangzong once romanced Concubine Li on Qiong Island (瓊島), where Concubine Li said that the emperor was like the sun (日), while she was the moon (月). Together, they make

256-457: The posthumous name "Shao" (紹), hence Wanyan Yongji is generally known in historiography as the " Prince Shao of Wei " (or Wei Shao Wang ). Wanyan Yongji's birth name was "Wanyan Yun ji" (完顏允濟); his given name was changed to " Yong ji" later to avoid naming taboo because Emperor Zhangzong 's father was Wanyan Yun gong (完顏允恭). He was the seventh son of Wanyan Yong (Emperor Shizong) and an uncle of Wanyan Jing (Emperor Zhangzong). His mother

288-445: The 17th century, the new government reduced the extensive Ming-era parks around the lake, enclosed the smaller present-day area within walls attached to the imperial palace, and began calling the separate sections by their modern names. Successive emperors built pavilions and houses along the lake shore, where they held court during the summer. Wanyan Yongji Wanyan Yongji (died 11 September 1213), childhood name Xingsheng ,

320-691: The Chinese characters 太液池 is "Great Liquid Pool" or "Great Liquid Pond". Prior to the Taiye Lake watershed system in Beijing that still exists today known as North, Central and South Seas, the name "Taiye" had honored several lakes in imperial gardens or palaces in various locations that once served as capital cities of imperial China. An early example of Taiye Lake is located in the city of Xi'an . Two lakes named Taiye existed in Xi'an (known as Chang'an). The earlier Taiye Lake

352-550: The Jin dynasty rebelled and joined the rising Mongol Empire . The Southern Song chancellor Han Tuozhou tried to take advantage of Madage's incompetency by launching an attack on the Jin. However the Jin dynasty defeated the Southern Song, and the Southern Song was forced to pay retribution and execute Han Tuozhou for the Jin. Madage died shortly after the Song's failed invasion and was succeeded by yet another incompetent ruler. Seeing

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384-459: The capital had been relocated several miles northward due to the growing salinity of the water source at the original site. There are older Taiye Lakes in Beijing, too. In 1151, Beijing (known as Zhongdu) became the capital city of the Jurchen -led Jin dynasty . The emperor Wanyan Liang ordered to rebuild Beijing in style of Kaifeng , the former capital city of Song dynasty in the south. During

416-501: The capital's water supply. The lake was expanded until it covered the area of the present northern and central "seas" and three palaces were built around it. The purity of the reservoir was protected by law: from its source at a spring on Yuquan Mountain to Lake Taiye, the Jinshui was given separate passes where it crossed other streams and commoners were forbidden to bathe, wash clothes, water livestock, or dump trash along its course. Under

448-501: The character for "bright" (明). Emperor Zhangzong in his later years began to spoil Concubine Li and gave her family members positions in the government, while ignoring his duties as the emperor. As such, the Jin Empire began to decline during his reign. In 1196, the Tatar confederation who were originally part of the Jin dynasty revolted and allied with the Mongols. Seeing that the Jin dynasty

480-432: The declining state of the Jin dynasty under Madage and his successor, Genghis Khan launched an invasion on the Jin shortly after Madage's death. The Yuan dynasty would ultimately conquer both the Jin and Southern Song dynasties, reunifying China after centuries of war between the various empires. Emperor Zhangzong was the sixth emperor of the Jin dynasty. He inherited the throne from his grandfather, Emperor Shizong and

512-426: The eighth month of 1213, when the Mongols attacked Zhongdu again, the general Heshilie Zhizhong (紇石烈執中; also known as Hushahu 胡沙虎) rebelled against Wanyan Yongji and assassinated him. In the following month, Hushahu installed Wanyan Xun (Emperor Xuanzong) on the throne to replace Wanyan Yongji. He also gathered about 300 officials to support him and openly urged Emperor Xuanzong to posthumously demote Wanyan Yongji to

544-478: The fall of 1206, multiple towns and military bases had been captured by the Jurchens. Neither side was willing to continue fighting, and a peace treaty was signed on November 2, 1208. To obtain peace, the Song dynasty had to yield territory, pay an indemnity, and execute the hawkish Han Tuozhou. The Song dynasty was obligated to pay an annual tribute of 50,000 taels of silver and 50,000 packs of fabric. They also delivered

576-552: The following year. Jin Zhangzong's posthumous title was Xiantian Guangyun Renwen Yiwu Shensheng Yingxiao Emperor (憲天光運仁文義武神聖英孝皇帝). He was buried in Daoling (道陵). Parents Consort and issue(s): Taiye Lake Taiye Lake or Taiye Pond was an artificial lake in imperial City, Beijing , during the Jin , Yuan , Ming , and Qing dynasties of China . The beauty and utility of

608-575: The former Yuan site and improving the fengshui of the new one. The lake now comprised the three present-day "seas", which were divided by bridges, but continued to be known collectively as Taiye. The grounds were known as the Xiyuan or Western Garden ( 西苑 , Xīyuàn ) and the Jiajing Emperor and others retreated to it to escape life at court. After the establishment of the Manchu -led Qing dynasty in

640-518: The lake was responsible for the siting of Kublai Khan 's palace and the position of modern Beijing. It continues to exist but it is now known separately as the North, Central, and South Seas, the three interconnected lakes just west of the Forbidden City in downtown Beijing. The northern lake makes up the public Beihai Park while the southern two are grouped together as Zhongnanhai , the headquarters for

672-571: The new lake in 1179. During the Yuan dynasty , the ruined site of Zhongdu and its more meager water sources were abandoned in favor of the Gaoliang watershed. The imperial engineers Liu Bingzhong and Guo Shoujing directed the construction of the new Imperial City of Khanbaliq ( Marco Polo 's Cambaluc & the Chinese Dadu) around Zhangzong's former palace and Lake Taiye, which was an important part of

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704-406: The ninth month, the Mongols besieged the Jin central capital, Zhongdu (中都; present-day Xicheng and Fengtai districts of Beijing ), but were forced to retreat because of Zhongdu's strong defences. In 1212, the Mongols attacked the Jin dynasty and besieged the Jin western capital, Datong Prefecture (大同府; present-day Datong , Shanxi Province ). In the same year, Yelü Liuge (耶律留哥), a Khitan , led

736-722: The previous Beijing city had been seriously damaged during the Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty . The lake was first constructed as part of the Jinshui River canal system under the Emperor Zhangzong of Jin . Although still within the limits of modern Beijing, the Jin capital of Zhongdu was located well south of the site, in a separate watershed. Zhangzong constructed the Daning Palace ( t   大寧宮 , s   大宁宫 , Dànínggōng , lit.  "Palace of Great Peace" ) beside

768-461: The reconstruction of Beijing, a Taiye Lake was built near the palace of Jurchens. The relic of this Taiye Lake is in today's Xicheng district outside of the southwestern second ring road and roughly near the Guang'an Gate of Beijing in later dynasties. The still-existing Taiye Lakes in Beijing were first created in the Mongol -led Yuan dynasty when Beijing was reconstructed as Khanbaliq (Dadu) after

800-439: The rising Mongols and natural disasters. The Song began provoking Emperor Zhangzong in 1204 and onward by orchestrating raids on Jin settlements. The fighting continued to escalate, partly aggravated by Song officials in support of revanchism , and war against the Jin dynasty was officially declared on June 14, 1206. The Song advance was impeded by Jin military successes and declining soldier morale that forced many to desert. By

832-468: The severed heads of Han Tuozhou and Su Shidan for instigating the war to the Jurchens. In December 29, 1208, Jin Zhangzong died. All six of his sons died before the age of three. Without any heirs, he was succeeded by his uncle Wanyan Yongji instead. After Yongji ascended the throne, Genghis Khan knew that Wanyan Yongji was incompetent, so he immediately sent his army south to invade the Jin Dynasty in

864-415: The status of a commoner. Eventually, as a compromise between Hushahu's faction and another opposing faction, Emperor Xuanzong agreed to posthumously demote Wanyan Yongji to the position of "Marquis of Donghai Commandery" (東海郡侯). One month later, Hushahu was assassinated by another general, Zhuhu Gaoqi (朮虎高琪). In 1216, Emperor Xuanzong posthumously restored Wanyan Yongji to the status of "Prince of Wei" (衛王) –

896-427: Was Lady Li, a Balhae concubine of Emperor Shizong. In 1171, he was given the title "Prince of Xue" (薛王) but was later changed to "Prince of Sui" (禭王). His princely title had subsequently been changed to "Prince of Lu" (潞王), then "Prince of Han" (韓王), and finally "Prince of Wei" (衛王). When Emperor Zhangzong died without a male heir in 1208, Wanyan Yongji was selected to be the new emperor. During Wanyan Yongji's reign,

928-499: Was declining, the Southern Song chancellor Han Tuozhou sought to capitalize on the opportunity to launch an attack on the Jin. Han Tuozhou ultimately failed and was executed. When, in 1206, the troops of the Southern Song chancellor Han Tuozhou invaded the Jin dynasty , trying to reunify China from the south, Emperor Zhangzong's armies defeated the invaders. The conflict began when the Song were informed of Jurchen troubles with

960-735: Was excavated in the Han dynasty by the Emperor Wu in the 1st century BC as part of his Jianzhang Palace ( 建章宮 , Jiànzhānggōng ). This lake, along with the Kunming Lake , was a necessary addition to the city's water supply after the expansion of the capital city under Emperor Wu's reign. The second Taiye Lake in Xi'an was excavated in the Tang dynasty by the Emperor Taizong next to his father 's Daming Palace , after

992-480: Was succeeded by Wanyan Yongji . To some extent, Emperor Zhangzong continued his grandfather's policy of encouraging intensive use of the Jurchen language and promotion of Jurchen customs. He forbade wearing of Han Chinese clothes and required his subjects to perform the Jurchen kowtow ceremony. He required his meng'an and mouke (Jurchen hereditary feudal nobility) to take an archery test if they wanted to sit for

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1024-440: Was the seventh emperor of the Jurchen -led Jin dynasty of China. He reigned for about five years from 1208 until 1213, when he was assassinated by the general Heshilie Zhizhong. Despite having ruled as an emperor, Wanyan Yongji was not posthumously honoured as such. Instead, in 1216, his successor, Emperor Xuanzong , reverted his status to "Prince of Wei" (衛王) – the title Wanyan Yongji held before he became emperor – and gave him

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