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73-572: Initially Zelenodolsk was intended to be a working-type settlement for the repair of shipping transport. In 1932 it received status as a city and the Zelenodolsk Shipyard was designated as a city-forming enterprise. One of the main tourist attractions in Tatarstan is the island city of Sviyazhsk which is located in the Zelenodolsky district. Zelenodolsky is the only region of the republic which

146-566: A Federation Council in July 1993 to gather regional representatives (except Chechnya ) to support an earlier draft of a replacement constitution to the 1978 document, this Federation Council was to become a permanent part of the legislature. The procedure of the formation of the Federation Council through elections held according to a majority system was defined by Presidential Decrees No. 1626, to take effect from 11 October 1993, "On Elections to

219-661: A law passed by the State Duma, the two chambers are mandated to form a Conciliation Committee in order to form a compromise bill, on which both houses would have to vote again. A two-thirds majority of Duma deputies can override the Federation Council's veto. Committees form a key component of the structure of the Council. Sixteen committees and seven commissions exist for senators to consider legislation and policy on several issues ranging from foreign affairs, federal affairs, and youth and sports. Leadership in these committees are determined by

292-454: A net profit of 148.9 million rubles. In January–September 2020, the value of self-produced goods exported from the district amounted to over 30 billion rubles. Spring and winter wheat, winter rye, barley, oats, potatoes, and vegetables are cultivated in the district. Dairy and beef cattle breeding are among the primary forms of livestock agriculture in the district along with poultry farming and beekeeping. Major agricultural investors active in

365-591: A new law passed in December 2004 required that the chairman of the Federation Council must first initiate a recall procedure. The procedure has not been used since. On 1 January 2013, the latest Law on the Procedure to Form the Federation Council entered into force: according to the Law, the Federation Council consists of two delegates from each Russian constituent component, one representing the given region's legislative assembly and

438-448: A rebellious legislature, Yeltsin presented a new constitution. With the events of 1993 very much in mind, Yeltsin drafted a constitution that called for increased executive branch powers in prime ministerial appointments, veto overrides, and a stronger executive security council. The constitution also called for the creation of a bicameral Federal Assembly, consisting of a State Duma and a Federation Council. Although Yeltsin had created

511-675: A referendum on the new Constitution of the Russian Federation . With the constitution now in effect after its successful passage, elections for the Council were to be franchised solely to territorial authorities, with one senator elected from the subject's legislature, and the other by the subject's executive branch. This was later codified in 1995 when the Council's first term expired. The constitution, however, did not specify how senators were to be elected. By 1995, using this constitutional anomaly, regional executives could sit ex officio in both their regional executive posts and within

584-502: A reform law to change the makeup of the Council, which would allow regional governors to designate councillors but not sit on the Council themselves, freeing it from what Putin saw as blatant personal cronyism on the part of regional leaders. The Council furiously resisted Putin's plan, conscious that their role in federal politics, their very ability to enjoy the fruits of living within Moscow , and their parliamentary immunity would end. With

657-529: A representative from the executive body of the Republic of Tatarstan. From 2013 to 2019, the head of the Zelenodolsky district was Alexander Tygin. In 2016, he launched a ten-year program for the improvement of district territories "Standard Yard" and in 2017 the district achieved TASED status (The territory of advanced socio-economic development in the Russian Federation). In 2019, Alexander Tygin left to sit in

730-462: A say in choosing delegates to the Federation Council. Since 2000, the Federation Council has largely remained a stable body. However, critics have charged that Putin's tactics in reforming the Council were blatantly undemocratic and anti-federal, arguing that the reforms created a rubber stamp body for the executive branch and the ruling United Russia party , similar to what the Soviet of Nationalities

803-630: Is a shipbuilding company based in Zelenodolsk , Tatarstan, Russia. It is part of the Ak Bars Holding . Zelenodolsk Plant became an important military shipbuilder when equipment was evacuated there from the western USSR early in World War II and the yard began building Artillerist-class submarine chasers. After the war, the shipyard specialized in building submarine chaser and small escort ship classes designed by its collocated design bureau, including

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876-407: Is included in the list of essential enterprises of the nation. The main activity of the enterprise is the construction of ships for both the domestic and foreign markets and the fulfillment of national defense orders. In 2017, the factory's net profit amounted to 90.5 million rubles with the company provided up to 50% of the revenues of city and district budgets from its contributions alone. Since 2018,

949-697: Is located on both banks of the Volga River. It borders in the west with the Chuvashia ( Kozlovsky and Urmarsky districts ), in the north with the Mari El Republic ( Volzhsky district and the Volzhsk urban district), in the northeast with the Vysokogorsky District of Tatarstan, in the southeast with Verkhneuslonsky District , in the south with Kaybitsky District and in the east with Kazan . The mouth of

1022-510: Is provided by a network of 52 preschool institutions, 58 schools, one primary vocational educational institution, five secondary vocational institutions and three university branches. Additional educational resources in Zelenodolsk include children's art and music schools, museums of folk art and two palaces of culture. In the urban-type village of Vasilyevo, a museum dedicated to Konstantin Vasilyev

1095-558: The Beslan school hostage crisis in September 2004, President Putin initiated a radical shakeup of the federal system , proposing that the direct elections of regional governors be replaced by appointments by the president himself. These appointments could later be confirmed or rejected by the regional legislatures. The move further placed more control over the Council by the executive branch, due to laws that stipulate that regional executives have

1168-591: The Federal Assembly , and signing resolutions to be forwarded to the president or the State Duma . The current chairwoman is Valentina Matviyenko . Senators can retain membership in their respective parties. However, they are asked not to bring party factionalism to the floor itself. Since the reforms of 2000, the Council has enjoyed a significantly close relationship with the Kremlin , helping to pass key legislation

1241-907: The Kronshtadt , SO-1, Poti , and Grisha classes. Following expansion of the yard in the early 1970s, Zelenodolsk Plant produced the larger escorts of the Koni class , which was intended exclusively for export. The Koni class was succeeded by the Gepard class . Zelenodolsk Plant also built the large missile-armed surface effect ships of the Dergach class (designed by the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau in St. Petersburg), as well as some naval auxiliaries. It has generally also had at least one civilian ship type in production, including Zelenodolsk-class river tugs in

1314-469: The State Council and Mikhail Afanasyev was elected the head of the district, Afanasyev also serves as the mayor of Zelenodolsk. At the beginning of 2020, 165,915 people lived in Zelenodolsky district. The ethnic composition of the district is divided as follows: 40.4% Tatars, 56.2% Russians, 2.7% Chuvash, and 0.7% Mari [3]. 75.16% of the district's population are urban residents of the city of Zelenodolsk,

1387-592: The Sviyaga river (right tributary of the Volga river) and the Sumka river (left tributary of the Volga river) are in the district which has a land area of 1396 km². The administrative center of the district is Zelenodolsk , the fifth most populous city in Tatarstan. The Council of Zelenodolsk Municipal District of the Republic of Tatarstan approved the modern coat of arms and flag of

1460-622: The Volga-Kama Nature Reserve is located on the territory of Zelenodolsky district. The reserve is one of the largest natural parks in Europe, with an area of 8000 hectares. It is home to 55 species of mammals, 195 species of birds and 30 species of fish. The Zelenodolsky district also includes the Raifsky section of the park with the Sacred Grove. In the 17th century it was the main holy site of

1533-492: The upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia , the lower house being the State Duma . It was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993. Each of the 89 federal subjects of Russia (including two annexed in 2014 and four more in 2022 ), consisting of 24 republics , 48 oblasts , nine krais , three federal cities , four autonomous okrugs , and one autonomous oblast , sends two senators to

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1606-460: The 1950s, Meteor-type passenger hydrofoils (designed in Nizhniy Novgorod) and Caspian Sea trawlers during the 1960s, and 3,700-ton Tatarstan-class refrigerator ships for the fishing industry in the 1970s. This Russian corporation or company article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Federation Council (Russia) The Federation Council , unofficially Senate , is

1679-413: The Council after they have been adopted by the State Duma, where most legislation is introduced. Special powers that are accorded only to senators of the Federation Council are: For laws to pass the Federation Council, a vote of more than half of its 178 senators is required. When considering federal constitutional laws, three-fourths of the Council's votes are required for passage. If the Council vetoes

1752-644: The Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation" and No. 1846, from 6 November 1993, "On Specification to the Resolution on Elections of Deputies to the State Duma and Resolution on Elections of Deputies to the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in 1993". Similar to the United States Senate , the Federation Council would consist of two representatives from each of Russia's federal subjects . Unlike

1825-516: The Council, for a total membership of 178 Senators. In addition, the Constitution also provides for senators from the Russian Federation, which can be no more than 30 (up to seven of them for life), as well as (optionally) former presidents as life senators (as of 2020 there are no such life senators). The council holds its sessions within the Main Building on Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street in Moscow ,

1898-442: The Federal Assembly. Because of its federalist design and its voting franchise being strictly limited to provincial elites, the Council is viewed as less susceptible to radical changes. The Council is charged with cooperating with the State Duma in completing and voting on draft laws. Federal laws concerning budgets , customs regulations , credit monitoring, and the ratification of international treaties are to be considered by

1971-539: The Federation Council becomes the Acting President of the Russian Federation . The modern history of the Federation Council begins during the 1993 Constitutional Crisis that pitted President Boris Yeltsin's unpopular neoliberal and governmental structure reforms against the increasingly radical Congress of People's Deputies , the nation's legislature. Throughout the year, the congress had grown increasingly dissatisfied with Yeltsin and his cabinet's management of

2044-438: The Federation Council. While the State Duma held many of the serious debates on Russian policy during this time, the Council became a lobby for regional interests, competing for federal attention. The ascension of President Vladimir Putin following Yeltsin's resignation on 31 December 1999 brought many new changes to the Federation Council. As part of his top political goals in his first months of office in 2000, Putin proposed

2117-552: The Kremlin desires. According to Article 98, all the members of the Council enjoy immunity from arrest, detainment, and searches. In 2007 the law regarding the Federation Council was amended, and now a senator must have resided for at least ten years in the territory being represented. The Federal Law defines the status of members of the Federation Council: "On Status of Members of the Council of Federation and Status of Deputy of

2190-529: The Preservation and Development of Bulgar and Sviyazhsk. From 1994 to 1999, the district was headed by Sergei Kogonin. For the next five years, he was replaced by Ravil Zinnatullin. In 2004, Gennady Yemelyanov took the post, followed for one year by Radik Khasanov as the head of the district from 2009 to 2010. Radik was then replaced by Sergei Batin, who in 2012 became a member of the Federation Council as

2263-536: The Russian presidency, this practice was discontinued under pressure from the Kremlin , forbidding governors to hold dual posts. Terms of membership in the Council are also not nationally fixed, due to the continuing territorial nature of the chamber. Terms are determined according to the regional bodies they represent. In 2001–2004 regional bodies were able to recall their senator by the same procedure by which they appointed them. Such recalls once occurred quite often. But

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2336-403: The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation". The presidium consists of a chairman , four deputy chairmen , and a general secretary . Unlike the State Duma , with its division of parties and leaders, in 2002 parliamentary groups were forbidden, following Mironov's election to the chairmanship and the parliamentary procedures to disband all political factions, though

2409-416: The State Duma threatening to override a Council veto, and Putin's threats to open federal criminal investigations against regional governors, the Council backed down and grudgingly supported the law in July 2000. Consequently, a wave of new Kremlin-friendly senators took the vacated seats, with the full backing of Putin. The last of the dual senator-governors were rotated out of office in early 2002. Following

2482-460: The State Duma, which consisted of representatives from hundreds of districts nationwide, the Federation Council was to act as more or less the voice of Russia's federated subdivisions. Early debate on its creation centered on whether or not the Federation Council should be elected at all. To solve some problems on the Council's first scheduled election in December, Yeltsin issued Presidential Decree No. 1628, on 11 October, stipulating that candidates for

2555-567: The TASED management plans to attract at least 7.7 billion rubles by 2027 and residents of the park must create more than 2,000 jobs. As of June 2020, Zelenodolsk had 12 residents, and the volume of attracted investment was 1.2 billion rubles. The TASED also includes 220 hectares of the Sviyazhsky multimodal center which 7 billion rubles were attracted from the federal budget for its construction. The municipal authorities are currently looking for residents for

2628-479: The Volga, and the silver belt means the Moscow-Kazan highway, which passes through Zelenodolsk. Also, the silver color is a symbol of purity, perfection, peace and well-being. The flag repeats the symbols and colors of the coat of arms. The village of Kabashchich was formed in 1865 on the site now occupied by modern Zelenodolsk. By 1890, 104 people lived in the village and sawmills began to operate nearby it. In 1897,

2701-463: The Yudinsky district encompassed 906 km² during this period. On July 16, 1958, the district center was moved from the village of Yudino to Zelenodolsk and the district was renamed after Zelenodolsky. The island of Sviyazhsk, located at the confluence of three rivers (Volga, Sviyaga, and Shchuka) is part of the Zelenodolsky district. The first mention of Sviyazhsk dates back to the 16th century when it

2774-467: The Zelenodolsky district, the program includes the territories of Kazan, the urban-type settlement Vasilyevo and four rural settlements - Aishinsky, Novopolsky, Oktyabrsky and Osinovsky. The proposed name of the future settlement is "Bolshoi Zelenodolsk". The main highways in the district are the M7 (Volga) "Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod - Kazan - Ufa ", which crosses the Volga river on the highway bridge near Kazan,

2847-443: The assembly, or by at least one-fifth of the assembly members. Then, the regional legislative assembly will vote to elect one of the nominated candidates. An amendment to the law was approved in July 2014, which added 17 more senators who are nominated by the president. The regional executive authority representative, the second type of delegate to the Federation Council, is appointed by the governor of that constituent component (or

2920-545: The city of Zelenogorsk. There are 14 industrial enterprises in Zelenodolsk that export beyond the region. The most important areas of production are in shipbuilding , mechanical engineering and woodworking . Chemical laboratory glassware is also produced in the district. One of the city-forming factories of the Zelenodolsky district is the Sergo Factory, founded in 1898. It is part of the Tekhmash corporation which belongs to

2993-659: The district are Krasny Vostok Agro and Ak Bars Holding. The Mayskiy agricultural plant, the Kazanskaya poultry farm, the Zelenodolsk milk plant, and other agricultural companies operate in the region. Zelenodolsk Dairy Plant is included in the rating of "100 largest dairy companies in Russia 2020" and is the only certified manufacturer of infant formula in Tatarstan. In 2019, the plant produced 89,000 tons of products while reporting revenues of 5.5 billion rubles and tax contributions to budgets of different levels of 251.2 million rubles. Since

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3066-455: The district on December 15, 2006. A boat is located in the center of the green background, symbolizing shipbuilding which is the main branch of the region's economy. A hammer is depicted on the sail of the boat as the symbol of one of the leading industrial enterprises of the region - the "Zavod imeni Sergo". The hammer is entwined with snakes, which is a symbol of successful trade. Green symbolizes nature, health, and ecology. Azure color symbolizes

3139-469: The factory has been part of the Ak Bars Holding . The Zelenodolsk Plywood and Furniture Factory is controlled by the general director of the Kamaz plant Sergey Kogogin and his brother Alexander. More than 70% of manufactured products are exported to the world market. Cooperation with IKEA has been organized recently. In 2018, the plant employed about 1,100 people, drawing in a revenue of 1.7 billion rubles, and

3212-425: The federal highways R241 "Kazan - Buinsk - Ulyanovsk" and A295 " Yoshkar-Ola - Zelenodolsk - M7" (there is a bypass of Zelenodolsk and Volzhsk ). Among the regional roads are Nizhnie Vyazovye - Staraya Tyurlema (M-7) and Vasilyevo - A-295. A railway line connects Zelenodolsk with the Republic of Mari El, along with an electrified line to Volzhsk and a non-electrified line to Yoshkar-Ola-Yaransk that also depart from

3285-435: The first elections needed at least two percent, or 25,000 signatures—whichever was highest—of their oblast, republic, krai, autonomous okrug, or federal city population. This helped previous territorial elites remain within national politics. The decree also stipulated a single term of two years before new elections in 1995. The Council's first elections were held on 12 December 1993, simultaneously with State Duma elections and

3358-449: The first half of 2020, the gross agricultural output of the region amounted to over 4 billion rubles. In 2016, an industrial park bearing the name of the city was created within the boundaries of Zelenodolsk. Additionally, a plot of 100 hectares is adjacent to Kazan. In 2019, the Ozon and Wildberries distribution center became residents of the park. Ozon is investing about 2 billion rubles in

3431-635: The floundering Russian economy , as well as with its plans for a new constitution for the Russian Federation to replace the Soviet -era 1978 Russian SFSR Constitution still in effect. Amidst the increasingly tense crisis, on 21 September, Yeltsin issued Presidential Decree No.1400. The decree effectively scrapped constitutional reform then in discussion, as well as legally dissolving the Congress of People's Deputies, ordering its replacement with an entirely new federal legislative structure, and granting

3504-545: The forest Cheremis ( Mari ). The river Sumka passes through the Raifsky section which flows into the Raifskoye Lake with an area of 30 hectares and a depth of 20 meters. The park has a large arboretum in which more than 400 species of plants from North America , Western Europe and Asia are collected. The Zelenodolsky district is served by 17 medical institutions, 50 feldsher and obstetric hospitals, which employ more than 450 doctors and 2,800 mid-level healthcare workers. On

3577-547: The former home of the Soviet State Building Agency ( Gosstroy ), with further offices and committee rooms located on New Arbat Avenue . The two houses of the Federal Assembly are physically separated, with the State Duma residing in another part of Moscow on Okhotny Ryad Street . Sessions of the Federation Council take place in Moscow from 25 January to 15 July and from 16 September to 31 December. Sessions are open to

3650-417: The head of that autonomous republic). The delegate is selected from among three people named by the candidates for the office of governor/head of the concerned region. The winner of the gubernatorial/republican leadership election then appoints one of the three delegates previously named for appointment to the Council as a senator from said region. The Federation Council is viewed as the more formal chamber of

3723-481: The members are affiliated with some major Russian political parties. Unlike the State Duma and the provincial legislatures throughout Russia , the Council is not directly elected but instead is chosen by territorial politicians, resembling in some respects the structure of the U.S. Senate before the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. The only exclusion to this was the first Federation council (1994–1996), which

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3796-655: The middle of the 20th century, the Mayskiy greenhouse agricultural complex has operated in the region. With an area of 32 hectares the enterprise produces 42,000 tons of vegetables annually. In 2013, the company began building its own housing complex for employees. By 2018, the volume of investment in construction alone amounted to 614 million rubles. In 2019, two hostels and three five-floor apartment buildings were commissioned with space for 650 people live. The company regularly supports children's and religious charities. In 2018, 15.1 million rubles were allocated to help those in need. In

3869-469: The other representing the provincial executive authorities. There will be two different election procedures, one for each member type. (Federal Law No. 229, art. 1.1.) A candidate for the Senator from a constituent component's legislature must be a member of the component region's legislative assembly. Candidates are nominated by the chairman of the regional legislative assembly, by one party faction represented in

3942-478: The preferences of the Zelenodolsky TASED (The territory of advanced social-economic development). The city received the status of TASED in 2017. The requirements for a resident to enter the industrial park is almost twice as low as the regional one, requiring 2.5 million rubles in investment, the creation of 20 new jobs (10 in the first year), and a total ten-year investment volume of at least 10 million. Thus,

4015-575: The president increased executive powers. Following a war of words and acts of defiance from both sides, President Yeltsin abruptly ended the governmental power struggle by ordering the Russian army to bombard and storm the White House of Russia , the legislative building, between 2–4 October 1993. Following the crushing of the Congress of People's Deputies and other members of the federal and territorial governments who had initially supported what he viewed as

4088-479: The project and about 1000 jobs are expected to be created as a result of this project. Wildberries ' investment in the facility is estimated at 5.5 billion rubles with the expected creation of about 4,000 jobs. For 2020, all the sections of the park are occupied by residents, of which two Promenergo projects and the X5 Retail Group distribution center have been commissioned. The residents of the park have access to

4161-401: The public, although the location of sessions can change if the Federation Council so desires, and secure closed sessions may be convoked. For purposes of succession , the speaker ( chairman ) of the Federation Council is the third-highest position in the Russian Federation, after the president and the prime minister. In the case of incapacity of the president and prime minister, the chairman of

4234-504: The republic, the district has a concentration of important economic entities and lies on international commercial routes. In 2007 the construction of the Sviyazhsky Multimodal Logistics Center (SMMLTs) was initiated which will unite road, rail and river routes passing through the district. The first stage, worth 6.5 billion rubles was opened in 2015 and included the renewal of the "Sviyazhsk" railway station. Part of

4307-461: The site. In January–June, the total volume of investment in fixed assets of the region, excluding budgetary funds, amounted to 4 billion 11 million rubles. In 2005, Deputy Prime Minister of Russia Marat Khusnullin proposed a concept for the development of a new microdistrict "Zeleny Dol". They began to implement it with the construction of the cottage village "Zagorodny Club", but after Khusnullin left for Moscow, construction stopped. This concept

4380-507: The station. The Sviyag and Volga provide river communications to the Caspian , Sea of Azov , Black Sea , White Sea and Baltic Sea . Cargo shipping is well developed on this route. There is a river station in Sviyazhsk, but water communications with the island are carried out only from Kazan, though in winter, there is an ice crossing. As the district is located directly next to the capital of

4453-482: The structure of the Rostec state corporation. The factory produces both military and civilian products. In 2015, the corporation employed 5.3 thousand people in the district with proceeds amounting to 9.9 billion rubles. In 2017, the factory took fifth place in the ranking of Tatarstan enterprises of the defense industry of Russia . Zelenodolsk Factory named after Gorky is one of the largest shipbuilding plants in Russia. It

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4526-402: The territory of the district there are the dispensaries "Vasilyevsky", "Sosnovy Bor", "Dolphin" and "Volga". The V. P. Engel'gardt Astronomical Observatory is located in the village of Oktyabrsky, near the border with Kazan. A modern educational and entertainment complex "Kazan Planetarium" and an astropark have been built by expanding on the basis of this observatory. Education in the district

4599-510: The village of Vasilyevo and Nizhnie Vyazovye. There are 3 urban and 21 rural settlements in the Zelenodolsk municipal district. The administrative centers of rural settlements in the district are the villages of Vasilyevo, Nizhnie Vyazovye, Aisha, Akzigitovo, Bishnya, Bolshie Achasyry, Bolshie Klyuchi, Bolshie Kurguzi, Bolshie Shirdany, Bolshie Yaki, Kugeevo, Kugushevo, Mamadysh-Akilovo, Molvino, Nizhnie Uraspugi, Novopolsky, Nurlaty , Osinovo, Belo-Bezvodnoe, Russkoe Azeleevo, Sviyazhsk, Utyashki and

4672-402: The village was renamed as Paratsk or Paratsky Zaton, by which time it had become a place for repair and wintering of river ships sailing along the Volga. The backwaters of the shipyards would serve as the basis for the future factory named after Maxim Gorky . In 1928, Paratsk was reorganized into the working village of Zeleny Dol. On July 11, 1913, a railway bridge across the Volga was opened near

4745-490: The village, and a stations along this line was established in the village. In 1932, according to the Resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee , Zeleny Dol received the status of a city and the name Zelenodolsk. In the period 1931-1932 three factories were built in the city and the area of housing increased by 24,000 m². Zelenodolsk was part of the Yudinsky region (Tat. Юдино районы) that

4818-566: Was also opened. Local media is represented by the regional newspapers Zelenodolskaya Pravda and Yashel Uzun (Zeleny Dol) which publish in Russian and Tatar. From 2021, the city of Sviyazhsk will become part of the "Imperial Route". It is a historical and tourist route which follows the route taken by the royal family of the Romanovs . The island itself is in demand among tourists, for there are more than 10 monuments and six museums located there. Zelenodolsk Shipyard JSC Zelenodolsk Shipyard

4891-621: Was built on the island. At the end of the 18th century, Sviyazhsk acquired the status of a district town. In 1918, Sviyazhsk became one of the first places of Soviet political repression. In 1920-1927 the city was the center of the Sviyazhsky district of the TASSR and in 1927-1931 it was the center of the Sviyazhsky district. By the decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of February 1, 1932, Sviyazhsk

4964-631: Was called "Kirmen", which means a forbidden place. In 1551, Ivan the Terrible, after an unsuccessful campaign against Kazan, decided to turn Sviyazhsk into a fortress. At the end of May, the streltsy completed fortifications in which the Tsar's army was located, and in October Kazan was besieged. Sviyazhsk remained an outpost of the state following the completion of the siege. In 1560, the Assumption Cathedral

5037-616: Was during the Soviet period. As set in Article 101 of the Russian Constitution , the Federation Council "shall elect among its deputies the chairman of the Council." Some of the Chairman's official duties include presiding over sessions, formulating and introducing draft agendas, issuing orders and consulting with the Council's various committees, acting as the Council's official representative in

5110-431: Was elected on 12 December 1993. According to Article 95, the Council comprises representatives of each Russian federal subject—two from each. The provincial legislature elects one senator, and the other is nominated by the provincial governor and confirmed by the legislature. Before 2000, all provincial governors and heads of provincial legislatures were also members of the Council. Upon President Putin's ascension to

5183-703: Was formed on August 4, 1938 from the western part of the abolished Kazan region. The administrative center of the district was located in the working village of Yudino (now part of Kazan). On January 1, 1948, the district included three village councils: Vasilievsky, Oktyabrsky and Yudinsky, and 24 village councils: Aishinsky, Belo-Bezvodninsky, Bishninsky, Bolshe- Derbyshkinsky , Bolshe-Klyuchinsky, Bolshe-Kulbashsky, Bolshe-Kurguzinsky, Bolshe- Yakinsky, Borisoglebsky, Garinsky, Kadyshevsky, Kindersky, Krasnogorsky, Malo-Klyuchinsky, Nikolsky, Novopolsky, Osinovsky, Osoko-Kovalinsky, Remplersky, Russian-Mari-Kovalinsky, Semiozersky, Sukhoretsky, Urazlinsky and Shigalinsky. The territory of

5256-512: Was replaced in 2007 by the Bolshoi Zelenodolsk project, but the project only broke ground in 2019. Bolshoi Zelenodolsk was also initiated by Marat Khusnullin, who is closely involved in urban planning policy. The project involves the complex development of an area of over 4.2 thousand hectares from Zelenodolsk to Kazan with residential buildings within an area of 4 million m2 along with accompanying social and business facilities. In addition to

5329-577: Was transformed into a rural settlement. In 1957, as a result of the filling of the Kuibyshev reservoir, Sviyazhsk ended up as an island. The settlement was connected to the left bank of the Sviyaga only in 2008 when a dam with a road was built. Since 2010, large-scale work on the restoration and reconstruction of sights began on the island within the framework of the "Revival" program of the Republican Fund for

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