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80-611: Zeebo Inc. was an American consumer electronics company and creator of the Zeebo entertainment and education system . Designed for "emerging markets" in countries such as Brazil , Mexico , India and China, the Zeebo system (or "Zeebo") runs videogames and other interactive content delivered via wireless 3G digital distribution . This approach is intended to thwart piracy and reduce the cost of content. The system also enables wireless Internet access for web browsing, email and social networking. The Zeebo

160-446: A $ 20,000 salary. Out of a development staff of thirty-five, four programmers (Crane, Larry Kaplan , Alan Miller and Bob Whitehead ), had produced games that had accounted for 60% of Atari's sales. Crane, Kaplan, Miller, and Whitehead became vocal about the lack of recognition within the company and became known as the "Gang of Four". The group met with Kassar in May 1979 to demand that

240-470: A Call of Duty spin-off title fashioned after the gameplay in Dead Space . However, in early 2010, legal issues between Infinity Ward and Activision Blizzard led to several members of Infinity Ward leaving, and Activision assigned Sledgehammer to assist Infinity Ward in the next major Call of Duty title, Modern Warfare 3 . Since then, Sledgehammer, Infinity Ward, and Treyarch share development duties for

320-463: A holding company , Activision Holdings, to manage Activision and its subsidiaries more effectively. Activision changed its corporate name from "Activision, Inc." to "Activision Publishing, Inc.", while Activision Holdings took Activision's former "Activision, Inc." name. Activision Publishing became a wholly owned subsidiary of Activision, which in turn became the publicly traded company, with all outstanding shares of capital stock converted. Some of

400-509: A D-Pad, two buttons (labeled 1–2) on the top-left side, a "Home" button, a sliding on-off switch and a wrist strap. It requires two AA batteries as a power supply. The Zeebo also includes an external keyboard, used with the system's web-browsing, email and social networking functions. The Zeebo features remade versions of games from mobile phones and other consoles, such as FIFA 09 , Resident Evil 4 , Crash Bandicoot Nitro Kart 3D , Galaxy on Fire and Rally Master Pro . There are also

480-507: A corporate merger, the struggling text adventure pioneer Infocom in June 1986. This acquisition was spearheaded by Levy, who was a big fan of Infocom's titles and felt the company was in a similar position as Activision. About six months after the "Infocom Wedding", Activision's board decided to replace Levy with Bruce Davis . Davis was against the purchase of Infocom from the start and was heavy-handed in its management, and even attempted to seek

560-411: A formal lawsuit against Activision to try to stop the company, claiming the four had stolen trade secrets and violated non-disclosure agreements . The lawsuit was settled by 1982, with Activision agreeing to pay royalties to Atari but otherwise legitimizing the third-party development model. Following the first round of releases, each of the founders developed their own titles, about once a year, over

640-541: A lawsuit to recover their purchase from Infocom's shareholders. Crane also found Davis difficult to work with and was concerned with how Davis managed the closure of Imagic , one of the third-party development studios formed after Activision's success in 1981. Crane left Activision in 1986 and helped Garry Kitchen found Absolute Entertainment . In late 1986, Activision adopted the Electric Dreams brand, usually used for British software, for titles outside of English for

720-837: A much smaller office space in Santa Monica at the Pen Factory (a former Paper Mate factory) from Kite Pharma , which had leased the space from Lincoln Property Company. With the acquisition of Activision Blizzard by Microsoft in October 2023, Activision Blizzard as a whole, including the Activision Publishing subdivision, became a separate division under the Microsoft Gaming arm of Microsoft. On March 8, 2024, 600 Activision QA workers in Texas, Minnesota and California unionized under

800-536: A number of new games and educational applications to be launched in 2010 and 2011. They included a new Zeebo Football Club game, called Zeebo F.C. Super League ; a duo of titles from Disney Interactive Studios, including Disney All Star Cards and Alice in Wonderland ; and a series of titles based on the popular Monica's Gang (" Turma da Monica ") comic books in Brazil from cartoonist Mauricio de Sousa . In Mexico,

880-506: A number of original game titles developed specifically for the Zeebo, including “ Zeebo Extreme ” racing games, " Boomerang Sports " games, Zeebo "Football Club" games and Un Juego de Huevos (known as Um Jogo de Ovos in Brazil), an action-adventure game based on the hit Mexican animated film Una película de huevos from Huevocartoon. In March 2010, Zeebo began releasing a series of classic arcade games. These games were originally created in

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960-512: A particular soccer skill, such as dribbling, juggling and goal-kicking. Along with Zeebo F.C. Foot Camp , the company released Zeeboids , an application that enables users to create personal characters ( "avatars" ) to be used with the Football Club games. Also in June, Zeebo announced a variety of forthcoming games from independent developers such as Digital Chocolate, Fishlabs, Limbic Software, Twelve Interactive and Vega Mobile. In Brazil,

1040-511: A profit, Kotick led Activision to start seeking acquisitions of video game development studios, guided by market surveys to determine what areas of content to focus on. It is estimated that between 1997 and 2008, Activision made 25 acquisitions, several for undisclosed amounts. Several of these came prior to 2001, in the midst of the Dot-com bubble , enabling the company to acquire studios at a lower valuation. On June 16, 2000, Activision reorganized as

1120-410: A purchase with Davis, Kotick and additional investors bought Mediagenic in a hostile takeover for approximately $ 500,000 in 1991. This group of investors included real estate businessman Steve Wynn and Philips Electronics . Kotick became CEO of Mediagenic on its purchase and made several immediate changes: He let go of all but 8 of the companies' 150 employees, performed a full restructuring of

1200-536: A single sale. Around 2006, Kotick contacted Jean-Bernard Lévy , the new CEO of Vivendi , a French media conglomerate. Vivendi had a games division, Vivendi Games , that was struggling to be viable at the time, but its principal feature was that it owned Blizzard Entertainment and its highly successful World of Warcraft game, which was drawing in $ 1.1 billion a year in subscription fees. Vivendi Games also owned Sierra Entertainment . Lévy recognized Kotick wanted control of World of Warcraft , and offered to allow

1280-448: A successful inroad into getting their games into China, a potentially lucrative market. Given this potential opportunity, Kotick agreed to the merger. Activision's board signed on to the merger by December 2007. The merger was completed in July 2008. The new company was called Activision Blizzard and was headed by Kotick, while Vivendi maintained a 52% share in the company. The new company

1360-641: Is an American video game publisher based in Santa Monica, California . It serves as the publishing business for its parent company, Activision Blizzard , and consists of several subsidiary studios. Activision is one of the largest third-party video game publishers in the world and was the top United States publisher in 2016. The company was founded as Activision, Inc. on October 1, 1979, in Sunnyvale, California , by former Atari game developers upset at their treatment by Atari in order to develop their own games for

1440-451: Is an active [Atari 2600] owner who doesn't have at least one Activision cartridge in his library". The company completed its public offering in June 1983 on NASDAQ under the stock ticker AVSN. The success of Activision, alongside the popularity of the Atari 2600, led to many more home consoles third-party developers as well as other home consoles. Activision produced some of its Atari games for

1520-523: The Amiga line of personal computers. After failing to complete purchase, the group bought a company that licensed Nintendo characters, and through Nintendo was directed to the failing Mediagenic. Kotick was drawn to buy out Mediagenic not for its current offerings but for the Activision name, given its past successes with Pitfall! , with hopes to restore Activision to its former glory. After failing to negotiate

1600-625: The Call of Duty franchise. This includes a new studio, Activision Mobile, devoted to the Call of Duty Mobile title as reported in August 2021. In 2021, while all their employees were working remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic , Activision and its parent Activision Blizzard vacated their longtime headquarters building in Santa Monica and ended their lease with Boston Properties . In September 2021, they subleased

1680-676: The Commodore 64 , Apple , and Atari 8-bit computers to avoid completely going out of business like other third-party developers. There still was a drain of talent through 1985 from the crash. Miller and Whitehead left in 1984 due to the large devaluation of their stock and went on to form Accolade . With the video game crash making console game development a risky proposition, the company focused on developing for home computers with games like Little Computer People and Hacker , while Levy tried to keep expenditures in check as they recovered. Looking to expand further, Activision acquired, through

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1760-667: The Communication Workers of America (CWA), marking it as the largest union in the United States video game industry . On May 16, 2024, Activision announced the establishment of Warsaw -based studio Elsewhere Entertainment, assembled for the development of a new narrative-based AAA IP not associated with other Activision series like Call of Duty . The studio comprises various developers associated with other narrative-driven gaming franchises such as The Last of Us , Uncharted , The Witcher and Far Cry among others; at

1840-461: The Intellivision and ColecoVision consoles, among other platforms. However, several new third-party developers also arose, attempting to follow the approach Activision had used but without the experience they had; according to Crane, several of these companies were founded with venture capital and hired programmers with little game design experience off the street, mass-publishing whatever product

1920-594: The 1980s and 1990s by Data East Corp. in Japan and have been modified to run on the Zeebo system. The titles include Caveman Ninja (originally known as Joe & Mac ), Spinmaster , Super Burger Time and Dark Seal (also known as Gate of Doom ). In June 2010, in advance of the World Cup, Zeebo released the first of its Football Club ("F.C") titles, Zeebo F.C. Foot Camp , developed by Zeebo Interactive Studios in Brazil. It includes four mini-games, each emphasizing

2000-646: The American market. In 1988, Activision began involvement in software besides video games, such as business applications. As a result, Activision changed its corporate name to Mediagenic to better represent all of its activities. Mediagenic consisted of four groups: In 1989, after several years of losses, Activision closed down the Infocom studios, extending to only 11 of the 26 employees an offer to relocate to Activision's Silicon Valley headquarters. Five of them accepted this offer. Notably during this time, Mediagenic

2080-708: The Internet using its 3G modem, communicate online and run educational applications. The Zeebo was targeted at developing markets such as Brazil and Mexico . Zeebo was founded by Reinaldo Normand in 2008, based on a working prototype developed by Dave Durnil and business plan by Mike Yuen at Qualcomm . The company's stated intention was to create an affordable console with inexpensive games and educational content delivered via wireless digital distribution to circumvent piracy. The Zeebo does not use DVDs or cartridges ; games and other content are downloaded wirelessly over broadband cellular networks . In addition to games,

2160-508: The Zeebo platform in new geographic areas as we establish longer-term agreements with local carriers for deployment of the system. It will also give us a chance to explore opportunities in the US market in the future." However it appears that Tectoy has decided against the Zeebo and on its homepage now states that they are gearing towards a more educational market. On May 27, 2011, Zeebo announced its end of operations in Brazil and Mexico. According to

2240-563: The Zeebo system also provides Internet connectivity, enabling users to access educational and information content, communicate via e-mail and do social networking (this capability was supported in Brazil and Mexico). Before its discontinuation, Zeebo had attracted content from companies such as Activision , Capcom , Digital Chocolate , Disney Interactive Studios , Electronic Arts , Fishlabs , Flying Tiger, Gamevil , G-Mode , Glu , id Software , Limbic Software, Namco , Polarbit, Popcap , Twelve Interactive and Vega Mobile. The Zeebo

2320-600: The Zeebo was sold with three free games embedded – FIFA 09 , Need for Speed Carbon: Own the City and Brain Challenge (known in Portuguese as "Treino Cerebral"). Three other games, all in Portuguese, are available for free download with new systems: Prey Evil , Zeebo Extreme Rolimã and Zeebo Extreme Jetboard . More 30 other titles are available for purchase (via Z-Credits) and download. On September 1, 2010, Zeebo announced

2400-466: The acquisition of Infocom . After a management shift, with CEO Jim Levy replaced by Bruce Davis , the company renamed itself to Mediagenic and branched out into business software applications. Mediagenic quickly fell into debt, and the company was bought for around US$ 500,000 by Bobby Kotick and a small group of investors around 1991. Kotick drastically revamped and restructured the company to get it out of debt: dismissing most of its staff, moving

2480-545: The back cover. Instruction manuals for games devoted at least one page to credit the developer. Additionally, for nearly all of Activision's games through 1983, the instruction manuals included instructions for sending the company a photograph of a player's high scores to receive a patch in return. Ahead of the release of the first four games, Activision obtained space at the mid-year 1980 Consumer Electronics Show to showcase their titles, and quickly obtained favorable press. The attention afforded to Activision worried Atari, as

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2560-544: The companies to merge, but only if Lévy held the majority shares in the merged group, forcing Kotick to cede control. Kotick fretted about this decision for a while, according to friends and investors. During this time in 2006–2007, some of Activision's former successful properties began to wane, such as Tony Hawk's , so Activision bought RedOctane , the publisher of the Guitar Hero franchise. Kotick met with Blizzard's president Mike Morhaime , and learned that Blizzard also had

2640-630: The company develop a sequel, Return to Zork . Combined, these steps allowed Mediagenic to fulfill on the bankruptcy plan, and by the end of 1992, Kotick renamed Mediagenic to the original Activision name. The new Activision went public in October 1993, raising about $ 40 million , and was listed on NASDAQ under its new ticker symbol ATVI . By 1995, Kotick's approach had met one promise he made to investors: that he would give them four years of 50% growth in revenues while remaining break-even. Reaching this goal, Kotick then set Activision on his second promise to investors, to develop high-demand games and make

2720-733: The company profitable by 1997. Activision published the first-person perspective MechWarrior in 1989, based on FASA 's pen-and-paper game BattleTech . A sequel, MechWarrior 2 , was released in 1995 after two years of delays and internal struggles, prompting FASA not to renew their licensing deal with Activision. To counter, Activision released several more games bearing the MechWarrior 2 name, which did not violate their licensing agreement. These included NetMech , MechWarrior 2: Ghost Bear's Legacy , and MechWarrior 2: Mercenaries . The entire MechWarrior 2 game series accounted for more than US$ 70 million in sales. Activision procured

2800-472: The company to Los Angeles, and reverting to the Activision name. Building on existing assets, the Kotick-led Activision pursued more publishing opportunities and, after recovering from its former financial troubles, started acquiring numerous studios and various types of intellectual property over the 1990s and 2000s, among these being the Call of Duty and Guitar Hero series. A holding company

2880-463: The company to its distributors as to keep them vested in the company's success; this included convincing Philips Electronics , Magnavox's parent company, to convert their legal debt into stock in Activision. Kotick also had the company reissue several of its past console and Infocom titles as compilations for personal computers. Kotick had also recognized the value of the Zork property from Infocom, and had

2960-426: The company treat developers as record labels treated musicians, with royalties and their names on game boxes. Kaplan, who called the others "the best designers for the [2600] in the world", recalled that Kassar called the four men "towel designers" and claimed that "anybody can do a cartridge". The four made the decision to soon leave Atari and start their own business, but were not sure how to go about it. In 1979,

3040-563: The company was "currently working on a next generation Android -based platform for launch in 2012" but the product had not been released. The Zeebo system was developed by Zeebo Inc. with the participation of 12 companies, mainly Qualcomm and Tectoy . It was manufactured and distributed by local partners in target countries (e.g., Tectoy in Brazil). The console uses a Qualcomm BREW mobile gaming chipset similar to that in mobile phones. Players are able to buy and download games and other content wirelessly through 3G or EDGE . The user

3120-522: The company will continue to operate as a separate business. While part of the larger Microsoft Gaming division, Activision retains its function as the publisher of games developed by their studios. In 1976, Warner Communications bought Atari, Inc. from Nolan Bushnell to help accelerate the Atari Video Computer System (Atari VCS or later the Atari 2600) to market by 1977. That same year, Atari began hiring programmers to create games for

3200-468: The company, all games would undergo a price reduction and Zeebonet 3G would remain active until September 30, and all warranty services would be honored. On the same day, on ZeeboNet 3G, a message was added to the details of the game Turma da Mônica em Vamos Brincar (" Monica's Gang in Let's Play "), stating that the game would be unavailable for purchase by the end of the day. Zeebo's home page still stated that

3280-474: The company, developed a bankruptcy restructuring plan, and reincorporated the company in Los Angeles, California. In the bankruptcy plan, Kotick recognized that Mediagenic still had valuable assets, which included the Infocom library as well as its authoring tools to make games, Activision's distribution network, and licenses to develop on Nintendo and Sega home consoles. Kotick offset some debt by giving stock in

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3360-406: The concept of third-party developers did not exist, as software for video game consoles were published exclusively by makers of the systems for which the games were designed; thus the common thinking was that to make console games, one needed to make a console first. The four decided to create their own independent game development company. They were directed by their attorney to Jim Levy , who

3440-672: The console includes five free embedded game titles ( Crash Bandicoot Nitro Kart 3D , Pac Mania , Tekken 2 , Zenonia and Zeebo Family Pack ). More than a dozen games were available for wireless purchase at the time of the Mexican launch in November 2009. More than a dozen more have since been introduced, all in Spanish. Zeebo has also announced that the English language teaching company Interlingua will be developing entertainment and education applications for

3520-719: The console. In addition to games and educational content, the console provides access to more than 50 web sites, grouped in subject categories, called "Z-Channels." Content for the Zeebo is based on the BREW platform and is created using the Zeebo SDK , downloadable from the Zeebo Inc. website. Gamepad peripherals are made possible by a BREW extension. The Zeebo system supports OpenGL ES 1.0/1.1. Applications are downloaded wirelessly over-the-air and commonly range in size from 5–25MB, though games content could be as large as 50MB on device. After

3600-415: The developers had made. This was a contributing factor to the video game crash of 1983 . For Activision, while they survived the crash, they felt its effects in the following years. These third-party developers folded, leaving warehouses full of unsold games, which savvy retailers purchased and sold at a mass discount ( $ 5 compared to Activision's $ 40 manufacturer's suggested retail price ). While there

3680-470: The development of the Amiga personal computer as he wanted to be more involved in hardware development. Total sales for Activision were estimated at $ 157 million and revenues at $ 60 million ahead of its June 1983 initial public offering ; at this point Activision had around 60 employees. Danny Goodman stated in Creative Computing Video & Arcade Games in 1983, "I doubt that there

3760-402: The first few years of the company. While their 1980 games were modest hits, one of the company's first successful games was Kaboom! , released in 1981, which was Activision's first game to sell over a million units. Activision's breakout title was 1982's Pitfall! , created by Crane. More than four million copies of the game were sold. Near the end of 1982, Kaplan left Activision to work on

3840-404: The first major game distributed in this format. Davis' management of Mediagenic failed to produce a profitable company; in 1991, Mediagenic reported a loss of $ 26.8 million on only $ 28.8 million of revenue and had over $ 60 million in debt. This debt included a $ 6 million penalty against Mediagenic in May 1990 after losing patent infringement lawsuits filed against it by Magnavox over

3920-401: The flagship series, with support from Raven and other studios as necessary. In February 2010, Activision Blizzard reported significant losses in revenue stemming from a slow down in Guitar Hero sales and from its more casual games. Subsequently, Activision Publishing shuttered Red Octane, Luxoflux and Underground Development as well as laid off about 25% of the staff at Neversoft. Within

4000-402: The four's departure had already created a major dent in their development staff. Atari initially tried to tarnish Activision's reputation by using industry press at CES to label those that took trade secrets as "evil, terrible people", according to Crane, and then later threatened to refuse to sell Atari games to retailers that also carried these Activision titles. By the end of 1980, Atari filed

4080-430: The game mostly unfinished. Katz and Sega were forced to take the incomplete game to Electronic Arts , which had been developing its own John Madden Football series for personal computers, to complete the game. During this period Mediagenic, via Activision, secured the rights to distribute games from Cyan Worlds . The first game published by Activision from Cyan was The Manhole , on CD-ROM for personal computers,

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4160-409: The key acquisitions and investments made by Activision in this period include: While Activision was highly successful with its range of developers and successful series, Kotick was concerned that they did not have a title for the growing massively multiplayer online market, which presented the opportunity for continued revenues from subscription models and microtransactions instead of the revenue from

4240-446: The latter half of 1979, each programmer developing their own game that was planned for release in mid-1980: Dragster , Fishing Derby , Checkers , and Boxing . The four's knowledge of the Atari 2600, as well as software tricks for the system, helped them make their own games visually distinct from Atari-produced games. To further distinguish themselves, Activision's boxes were brightly colored and featured an in-game screenshot on

4320-459: The license to another pen-and-paper-based war game , Heavy Gear , in 1997. The video game version was well received by critics, with an 81.46% average rating on GameRankings and being considered the best game of the genre at the time by GameSpot . The Mechwarrior 2 engine was also used in other Activision games, including 1997's Interstate '76 and 1998's Battlezone . With several of its own successfully developed games helping to turn

4400-417: The popular Atari 2600 home video game console. Activision was the first independent, third-party, console video game developer. The video game crash of 1983 , in part created by too many new companies trying to follow in Activision's footsteps without the experience of Activision's founders, hurt Activision's position in console games and forced the company to diversify into games for home computers, including

4480-526: The price was cut to R$ 399,00, and the price was reduced again in November to R$ 299,00 (≈170USD). The console was distributed nationwide in Brazil in December 2009. By August 2010, there were approximately 40 games launched for Zeebo in Brazil. On September 1, 2010, Zeebo announced that it was adding new capabilities and accessories to the Zeebo in Brazil, including Internet connectivity, a keyboard and new more ergonomic gamepad. The new Brazilian system configuration

4560-428: The project in the United States, and helped formed a small U.S.-based division of Tectoy, called Tectoy of America, in 2007. He then met Yuen, and the two discovered that they were pursuing similar concepts. During that time Mike Yuen was working with Dave Durnil, Director of Engineering at Qualcomm who designed and built the first working prototype of a 3G wireless gaming and entertainment console. Qualcomm decided to fund

4640-666: The project, and Tectoy of America became Zeebo Inc. in March, 2008. Normand joined the executive staff and was given responsibility for worldwide special projects. Dave Durnil became an engineering advisor for Zeebo Inc. Yuen left Qualcomm and was named Zeebo's senior vice president of content and services in August, 2009. He served as president and CEO. The company introduced the Zeebo in limited quantities in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil, on June 1, 2009, with manufacturing and distribution provided by Tectoy. The system went on sale nationwide in Brazil in November

4720-400: The release, some titles were known to consume more than 50MB on its internal storage. For such titles, most had its assets already preloaded from factory, being the download/purchase comprised just of the license and the main data. A known example is the game Need for Speed Carbon: Own the City , using more than 100 MB of the device's storage. Activision Activision Publishing, Inc.

4800-509: The same year, Activision shuttered Budcat Creations in November 2010, and Bizarre Creations in February 2011. Hirshberg left the CEO position in March 2018. Into the 2020s, Activision put more focus on the Call of Duty franchise, including the release of the free-to-play Call of Duty: Warzone in 2020. By April 2021, the company had assigned all of its internal studios to work on some part of

4880-686: The same year. In December, 2009, the Zeebo went on sale nationwide in Mexico. Zeebo Inc. had its headquarters in San Diego, California with offices in São Paulo , Brazil, Mexico City , Mexico and Shanghai , China. Zeebo marketing and development in Brazil are carried out by Zeebo Brasil, Zeebo Inc.'s Brazilian subsidiary. Marketing and development in Mexico was carried out by the Mexican subsidiary Zeebo Mexico. Manufacturing and distribution were provided by regional partners such as Tectoy in Brazil. Wireless bandwidth

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4960-450: The similarities of Activition's games to Magnavox's patents. Cyan severed their contract with Activision, and turned to Broderbund for publishing, including what would become one of the most significant computer games of the 1990s, Myst . Bobby Kotick had become interested in the value of the video game industry following the crash, and he and three other investors worked to buy Commodore International in an effort to gain access to

5040-505: The starting business plan; he came back later to join Activision that December. Activision was formally founded on October 1, 1979, with Levy serving as CEO. The company was initially named "Computer Arts, Inc." while they considered a better title. The founders had thought of the name VSync, Inc., but feared that the public would not understand or know how to say it. Levy suggested combining "active" and "television" to come up with Activision. Activision began working out of Crane's garage in

5120-408: The system. It will also give us a chance to explore opportunities in the US market in the future." In June, 2010, it was reported that Zeebo Inc. raised $ 13.5 million in its latest round of venture funding. Zeebo 3G HSUPA 2.5G EDGE The Zeebo is a discontinued home entertainment and education system from Zeebo Inc. It enabled users to play video games , and also connect to

5200-538: The system. Prior to Warner's acquisition, the company did not award bonus pay to programmers who worked on profitable games, nor credit the programmers publicly, to prevent them from being recruited by rival game companies. Warner Communication's management style was also different from Bushnell's. According to developer John Dunn , Warner management treated developers as engineers rather than creative staff, creating conflicts with staff. Atari's CEO Ray Kassar , named to that position following Warner's acquisition in 1978,

5280-501: The time of announcement they were recruiting more staff to create a " state-of-the-art and next-generation gaming experience", as well as a franchise with "an enduring legacy that goes far beyond games." In July 2024, the Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) actor labor union, which provides numerous video game voice actors, would initiate a labor strike against

5360-454: The user back the start screen of the Zeebo interface, while functioning as a typical "Pause" button during games. Directly below this button are the two analog sticks, whereas the D-Pad is located at the leftmost side. The Boomerang, sold by Tectoy in Brazil, is a wireless controller with a built-in accelerometer , using motion-sensing technology to play games with actual physical gestures. It has

5440-422: The wireless network. The Zeebo can also perform "over-the-air" (OTA) updates to the console's firmware—delivering new content, features and bug fixes. The standard Zeebo "Z-Pad" controller includes a total of 7 buttons, a D-Pad and two analog sticks. On the right side, there are four buttons (numbered 1–4); two shoulder buttons rest on the top, called ZL and ZR; at the center, there is a "Home" button, which takes

5520-622: Was always connected to the wireless network without any subscription fee. Purchases are made through an online store using a virtual currency, Z-Credits. Zeebo's gaming delivery system reduces costs (with no discs or cartridges needed) and overcomes piracy barriers – two elements that have hindered sales of game consoles in developing markets. Z-Credits are purchased by bank transfer, credit card, bank debit or prepaid cards. Games cost from about 500 to 2500 credits. The console's wireless connectivity also allows users to browse web sites, send and receive e-mail and take part social networking activities via

5600-628: Was at the time raising venture capital to get into the software business for early home computers. Levy listened to their plans, agreed with its direction, and helped the four to secure about $ 1 million in capital from Sutter Hill Ventures . They also checked with legal counsel on their plans to develop games for the Atari VCS, and included litigation fees in their capital investment. By August, Crane and Miller had left Atari, with Whitehead joining them shortly after. Kaplan had also quit Atari in August, but initially decided not to join as he did not like

5680-408: Was committed to keeping production costs minimal for Warner, according to David Crane , one of Atari's programmers . In early 1979, Atari's marketing department circulated a memo listing the best-selling cartridges from the previous year to help guide game ideas. Crane noted that the games he was fully responsible for had brought in over $ 20 million for the company but he was still only receiving

5760-632: Was estimated to be worth US$ 18.9 billion , ahead of Electronic Arts , which was valued at US$ 14.1 billion . Activision Publishing remains a subsidiary of Activision Blizzard following the merger, and is responsible for developing, producing, and distributing games from its internal and subsidiary studios. Eric Hirshberg was announced as Activision Publishing's CEO in 2010. Activision Publishing established Sledgehammer Games in November 2009. Formed earlier in 2009 by Glen Schofield and Michael Condrey , former Visceral Games leads that had worked on Dead Space , Sledgehammer intended to develop

5840-403: Was first announced in November 2008 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil and went on sale there in limited quantities on June 1, 2009 with a suggested retail price of 499,00 Brazilian reals . Zeebo Inc. described the Zeebo as bringing "the fun and excitement of interactive entertainment and education to those who—until now—have had little or no access to such technology." In September of the same year,

5920-477: Was formed as Activision's parent company to manage both its internal and acquired studios. In 2008, this holding company merged with Vivendi Games (the parent company of Blizzard Entertainment ) and formed Activision Blizzard, with Kotick as its CEO. Within this structure, Activision manages numerous third-party studios and publishes all games besides those created by Blizzard. In October 2023, Microsoft acquired parent company Activision Blizzard, maintaining that

6000-411: Was known to have worked on the early version of a football game that would be the basis for Joe Montana Football . Sega of America's Michael Katz had been able to get Sega to pay Mediagenic around early 1990 to develop this into the branded version after securing the rights to Joe Montana 's name, but was unaware of internal troubles that had been going on within the company, which had left the state of

6080-407: Was priced identical to the previous one: R$ 299 (≈170USD). The company announced that Brazilian owners of previous system configurations can upgrade to the new one for free. The Zeebo was launched in Mexico in November 2009. It shipped to national retailers across the country on November 4, 2009, with a suggested price of 2,499 Mexican pesos (approximately $ 205 US). The Mexican system configuration

6160-424: Was provided by telecommunications partners such as Claro in Brazil and Telcel in Mexico. Zeebo also announced an agreement with AT&T in March, 2010. The company has stated that "The agreement gives us access to AT&T's international roaming network, allowing us to carry out rapid trials of the Zeebo platform in new geographic areas as we establish longer-term agreements with local carriers for deployment of

6240-822: Was similar to that introduced in September 2010 and includes Internet connectivity, a keyboard and ergonomic gamepad. The price was cut to 2249 pesos (approx. $ 184 US) in April 2010. The Zeebo was available in Brazil and Mexico . Reports indicated that the Zeebo was planned to become available in China by 2011. A release in Russia had also been planned. Zeebo Inc. announced an agreement with AT&T in March 2010. The company stated that, "The agreement gives us access to AT&T's international roaming network, allowing us to carry out rapid trials of

6320-637: Was sold throughout Brazil and Mexico, and the company has discussed the possibility of future product introductions elsewhere in Latin America, in India, China and Russia. By the company's own account, the initial idea for the Zeebo system occurred independently to Reinaldo Normand, who was then at Tectoy Mobile (a division of the Brazilian consumer electronics company Tectoy ), and Mike Yuen, senior director of games and services at Qualcomm . Normand sought backers for

6400-468: Was still a demand for Activision games, uneducated consumers were more drawn to the heavily discounted titles instead, reducing their income. Their quarterly revenue dropped from $ 50 million in mid-1983 to about $ 6–7 million by the end of 1984, according to Levy, and they were forced to lay off staff, going from about 400 employees to 95 in that period. Because of this, Activision decided that they needed to diversify their games onto home computers such as

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