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63-482: Tribune Media Services first began to offer online listings services as a content provider to the online services Prodigy in the late 1980s and America Online in the early 1990s. TMS launched its first branded online television listings service, TV Quest, in 1993 on the AppleLink online service. TV Quest later migrated to Apple's eWorld services and to the internet in the mid-1990s. Version 1.0 of Zap2it debuted on

126-417: A character than around a job. For example, it is possible to do some very funny comic strip gags about a taxi driver. But a strip that is limited to taxi driver gags is bound to wear thin pretty fast. I'd rather see a strip about a warmly funny man who just happens to earn his living as a cabbie and whose job is only a minor facet of his potential for inspiring gags. Narrative strips can be and often are based on

189-458: A combined circulation of as many as five million copies. During the final months of World War II , Robert M. Hall (who had worked at United Feature Syndicate in the 1930s) began his own syndicate. Soon Hall developed his own features, including a variety of comic strips: Debbie Dean , Mark Trail and Bruce Gentry , along with Herblock 's editorial cartoons. Beginning in April 1959, Feiffer

252-696: A decade later, in 1940. In 1930, the North American Newspaper Alliance absorbed the Bell Syndicate , both continuing to operate individually under joint ownership as the Bell Syndicate-North American Newspaper Alliance. That same year, Bell acquired Associated Newspapers . Keeping Associated Newspapers as a division, at that point the company became the Bell-McClure Syndicate. King Features had

315-576: A key role in the rise of syndication when Robert R. McCormick and Joseph Medill Patterson , who had both been publishing the Chicago Tribune since 1914, planned to launch a tabloid in New York, as comics historian Coulton Waugh explained: So originated on June 16, 1919, the Illustrated Daily News , a title which, as too English, was almost at once clipped to (New York) Daily News . It

378-486: A postcard saying, "To put it on the record: Hooray!!!" Pulitzer Prize -winning cartoonist Mike Peters told Editor & Publisher magazine, "It's long overdue that syndicates realize a new day is here. Indentured servitude went out in the 1500s." Johnny Hart , creator of B.C. and The Wizard of Id , called Creators "a history-making venture in syndication." Bil Keane , creator of The Family Circus , described Creators Syndicate as "the first breath of fresh air

441-498: A selection of syndicated comic strips from Creators Syndicate and Tribune Content Agency . King Features syndicates 150 comic strips, newspaper columns, editorial cartoons, puzzles and games to nearly 5,000 newspapers worldwide. Creators syndicates close to 60 strips and 20 editorial cartoonists. In Syd Hoff 's The Art of Cartooning , King Features Syndicate comics editor Sylvan Byck , who served in that position for more than 25 years, observed that King Features received more than

504-533: A series of hits during the 1930s with the launch of Blondie (1930–present), Flash Gordon (1934–2003), Mandrake the Magician (1934–2013), and The Phantom (1936–present). United Feature Syndicate (founded in 1919) became a dominant player in the comic strip syndication market in the early 1930s. In March 1930, United Features acquired the Metropolitan Newspaper Service (ostensibly from

567-449: A thousand strip proposals annually, but chose only one each year. Byck offered some tips regarding strip submissions, including the creation of central characters with warmth and charm and the avoidance of "themes that are too confining," as he explained: Although characterization is the most important element of a comic, the cartoonist also must cope with the problem of choosing a theme for his new strip. What will it be about? Actually, it

630-542: Is a subscription service for newspapers and other media channels. The content provided includes comics, puzzles, games, editorial cartoons, as well as feature content packages. Tribune Premium Content also syndicates content from other sources, such as The Atlantic , Rolling Stone , Kiplinger , Harvard Health and Mayo Clinic . TCA's news service, Tribune News Service , offers breaking news, lifestyle and entertainment stories, sports and business articles, commentary, photos, graphics and illustrations. Tribune SmartContent

693-472: Is an information service filtered to provide targeted content. Full-text news feeds deliver articles from 600 sources from around the world. TCA also offered products and services for niche markets via TCA Specialty Products. TCA has, worldwide, 600-plus contributors and serves more than 1,200 clients, services and resellers. Comic strip syndication A comic strip syndicate functions as an agent for cartoonists and comic strip creators, placing

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756-418: Is possible to do a successful comic strip about almost anything or anybody if the writing and drawing are exactly right for the chosen subject. In general, though, it is best to stay away from themes that are too confining. If you achieve your goal of syndication , you want your strip to last a long time. You don't want to run out of ideas after a few weeks or months. In humor strips, it is better to build around

819-523: The Chicago Daily News , The Boston Globe , and the Philadelphia Bulletin . John Neville Wheeler 's Wheeler Syndicate debuted in 1913, contracting with pioneering comic strip artist Bud Fisher and cartoonist Fontaine Fox to begin distributing their work. Fisher is reported to have received an annual guarantee of $ 52,000, an unprecedented amount at that time. The Wheeler Syndicate

882-598: The Bell Syndicate ). And in late February 1931, Scripps acquired the New York World , which controlled the syndication arms of the Pulitzer company: World Feature Service and Press Publishing Co. (which unlike other syndicates were owned by the paper rather than being separate entities). United Feature and the Newspaper Enterprise Association both became successful distributors of newspaper comics in

945-533: The Chicago Tribune in 1917, played a key role in the rise of syndication. Joseph Medill Patterson founded the Chicago Tribune Syndicate in 1918, managed by Arthur Crawford. In 1919, Patterson and Robert R. McCormick , who had been co-publishing the Chicago Tribune since 1914, planned to launch a tabloid in New York. As comics historian Coulton Waugh explained: So originated on June 16, 1919,

1008-525: The Chicago Tribune , which also published The Gumps , requesting to be allowed to use the new comic, and the result was that the heads of the two papers collaborated and founded the Chicago Tribune New York News Syndicate , which soon was distributing Tribune-News features to every nook and cranny of the country. Now known as Tribune Content Agency, the syndicate continues to provide content to newspapers. Notable strips launched by

1071-593: The Chicago Tribune Syndicate , the Chicago Tribune New York News Syndicate ( CTNYNS ), Tribune Company Syndicate , and Tribune Media Services . TCA is headquartered in Chicago , and had offices in various American cities ( Milwaukee, Wisconsin ; Queensbury, New York ; Arlington, Texas ; Santa Monica, California ), the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Hong Kong. Sidney Smith 's early comic strip The Gumps had

1134-826: The Chicago Tribune-New York News Syndicate and the Tribune-New York (Daily) News Syndicate ). An April 1933 article in Fortune described the "Big Four" American syndicates as United Feature Syndicate , King Features Syndicate , the Chicago Tribune Syndicate, and the Bell-McClure Syndicate . Mollie Slott kept the syndicate running in its mid-century glory days. In 1968, the syndicate offered about 150 features to approximately 1400 client newspapers. Tribune Publishing acquired

1197-420: The Illustrated Daily News , a title which, as too English, was almost at once clipped to Daily News . It was a picture paper, and it was a perfect setting for the newly developed art of the comic strip. The first issue shows but a single strip, The Gumps . It was the almost instant popularity of this famous strip that directly brought national syndication into being. Midwestern and other papers began writing to

1260-730: The New York Herald Tribune Syndicate in the 1920s included Harrison Cady 's Peter Rabbit , Charles A. Voight 's Betty (which had originated with the McClure Syndicate ), Crawford Young's Clarence , and H. T. Webster 's The Timid Soul (later known as Caspar Milquetoast ). All of those strips had long syndication runs of at least 25 years. The McNaught Syndicate was founded in 1922, with one of its first notable syndicated strips being those of Rube Goldberg . McNaught's line-up of comic strips included Dixie Dugan and Mickey Finn . Ham Fisher 's Joe Palooka

1323-482: The Publishers Newspaper Syndicate , later to be known for such popular, long-running strips as Big Chief Wahoo / Steve Roper , Mary Worth , Kerry Drake , Rex Morgan, M.D. , Judge Parker , and Apartment 3-G . The Associated Press launched its syndicate (later known as AP Newsfeatures ) in 1930 with nine comic strips, including John Terry's Scorchy Smith . It added Sunday strips

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1386-534: The Publishers-Hall Syndicate when he began Universal Press Syndicate in 1970. When Gary Trudeau 's Doonesbury , another product of the counterculture of the 1960s , debuted as a daily strip in two dozen newspapers on October 26, 1970, it was the first strip from Universal Press Syndicate, and a Sunday strip was launched March 21, 1971. Circulation of Doonesbury eventually expanded to more than 1,400 newspapers internationally. At first, ownership of

1449-688: The Times Mirror Company in 2000, with the Los Angeles Times Syndicate being merged into Tribune Media Services . In 2006 The McClatchy Company inherited a partnership with the Tribune Company , in the news service Knight Ridder-Tribune Information Services, when it acquired Knight Ridder ; the new service was called the McClatchy-Tribune News Service (MCT). In 2014, Tribune bought out McClatchy's share of

1512-619: The Washington Star Syndicate (which never had much traction in the comic strip market). In 1967, Field Enterprises acquired the Hall Syndicate, merging it with the previously acquired Publishers Syndicate to form the Publishers-Hall Syndicate . By the mid-1960s competition from television and other media began to dilute the central place of comic strips in American lives. As comics historian Maurice Horn writes, "the 1960s were

1575-476: The "spark" that originally made the strip successful. Most syndicates signed creators to ten- or even twenty-year contracts. (There have been exceptions, however, such as Bud Fisher 's Mutt and Jeff being an early — if not the earliest — case in which the creator retained ownership of his work from the outset.) Milton Caniff was another of several important cartoonists who had tried unsuccessfully to secure rights to their creations. In 1946, he walked away from

1638-458: The 1930s. An April 1933 article in Fortune described the "Big Four" American syndicates as United Feature Syndicate , King Features Syndicate , the Chicago Tribune Syndicate , and the Bell-McClure Syndicate . Later that year, the Chicago Tribune Syndicate changed its name to the Tribune-New York (Daily) News Syndicate (eventually becoming Tribune Content Agency ). In 1933, just as

1701-818: The 1970s, underground comics strips were syndicated, first by the Underground Press Syndicate and then the Rip Off Press Syndicate (ROPS), both of which sold weekly content to alternative newspapers and student publications . Artists and strips by the likes of Robert Crumb , Gilbert Shelton ( Wonder Wart-Hog , The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers , Fat Freddy's Cat , and Motoring Tips ), Joel Beck ( Cartoon Cavalcade ), Dave Sheridan ( Dealer McDope and Nerds ), Ted Richards ( Forty Year Old Hippie and E.Z. Wolf ), Bill Griffith ( Griffith Observatory and Zippy ), and R. Diggs ( Mom Squad ) gained wide exposure through these services. As

1764-604: The Chicago Sun Syndicate (later known as the Field Newspaper Syndicate ) in 1941, whose most popular offering was the comic strip Steve Canyon . In the 1940s, the Register and Tribune Syndicate 's The Spirit (by Will Eisner ) was part of a 16-page Sunday supplement known colloquially as "The Spirit Section". This was a tabloid -sized newsprint comic book sold as part of eventually 20 Sunday newspapers with

1827-656: The McClatchy-Tribune News Service (MCT) was renamed the Tribune News Service (TNS). TCA distributes media products, such as news , columns , comic strips , Jumble and crosswords , printed insert books, video , and other information services to publications across the United States, Canada, and other countries in English and Spanish for both print and web syndication . Tribune Premium Content

1890-590: The Menace , Funky Winkerbean , Mark Trail , and Momma . By the fall of 1977, 300 American syndicates, large and small, were distributing 10,000 features with combined sales of $ 100 million a year. In February 1978, the Washington Star Syndicate was sold (along with its parent company) to Time Inc. A little more than a year later, the Universal Press Syndicate acquired the Star Syndicate from

1953-571: The Sands of Time and Nipper ; and Roy Powers, Eagle Scout ("the official strip of the Boy Scouts of America "). The George Matthew Adams Service debuted in 1916, which syndicated such strips as Billy DeBeck 's Finn an' Haddie , Robert Baldwin 's Freddy , Edwina Dumm 's Cap Stubbs and Tippie and Ed Wheelan 's Minute Movies . Adams' syndicate peaked in the 1920s and 1930s. Cartoonist Sidney Smith 's popular strip The Gumps , which debuted in

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2016-494: The Tribune Company. The site became the central aggregator of entertainment content produced by Tribune-owned online properties including latimes.com, The Envelope, chicagotribune.com and others. As part of this development, a major site redesign was planned for midyear 2009. Tribune Media Services Tribune Content Agency ( TCA ) is a syndication company owned by Tribune Publishing . TCA had previously been known as

2079-507: The cartoons and strips in as many newspapers as possible on behalf of the artist. A syndicate can annually receive thousands of submissions, from which only two or three might be selected for representation. In some cases, the work will be owned by the syndicate as opposed to the creator. The Guinness World Record for the world's most syndicated strip belongs to Jim Davis ' Garfield , which at that point (2002) appeared in 2,570 newspapers, with 263 million readers worldwide. As of 2017,

2142-470: The case of strips like The World's Greatest Superheroes or Poor Arnold's Almanac — a strip took a long hiatus and when it returned to syndication it was with a new company. A watershed moment came in early 1987, when Creators Syndicate was born in response to King Features ' acquisition of News America Syndicate and the resulting consolidation of strip syndication. After Creators was founded, Milton Caniff sent Creators founder Richard S. Newcombe

2205-417: The central character's job. For example, the basis of a private eye strip is the work he does. But even here the strip will only be as successful as the characterization in it. The big question is: what kind of a man is this particular private eye? Of the strips that successfully reach syndication, only about one-quarter survive longer than a year or two. Historically, syndicates owned the creators' work —

2268-634: The company, taking full ownership of MCT and moving its headquarters to Chicago. On June 25, 2013, the newspaper syndication News & Features division of Tribune Media Services became the Tribune Content Agency . On June 12, 2014, Tribune Media Services was merged into Gracenote . After the 2014 split of Tribune Company assets between Tribune Media and Tribune Publishing , Gracenote went to Tribune Media (who would sell it to Nielsen Holdings in 2016) while Tribune Content Agency content remained with Tribune Publishing. On September 22, 2014,

2331-654: The concept of " comic books " was getting off the ground, Eastern Color Printing published Funnies on Parade , which reprinted in color several comic strips licensed from the Ledger Syndicate , the McNaught Syndicate , and the Bell-McClure Syndicate . Eastern Color neither sold this periodical nor made it available on newsstands , but rather sent it out free as a promotional item to consumers who mailed in coupons clipped from Procter & Gamble soap and toiletries products. The company printed 10,000 copies, and it

2394-428: The decade during which the comics syndicates were most blatantly aping successful television shows in a desperate (and vain) attempt at regaining their fast-disappearing readership." In 1968, an Editor & Publisher survey of a selection of syndicates revealed the following details about the syndicates, the number of features offered, and the number of client papers: Starting in the late 1960s and running through

2457-626: The end of editorial content on Screener TV. No new editorial content has been added since. By January 2018, the TV Listings section and TV by the Numbers were the only thing left on the site, as the site reverted to the Zap2it name. TV by the Numbers ended operations at the end of January 2020. In early 2007, Zap2it released enhanced television listings on its main site. Upgrades to the product included improved performance, better customization capabilities and

2520-628: The enormously popular Terry and the Pirates comic strip because his syndicate insisted that they own his creation. In 1947 Caniff created Steve Canyon because Marshall Field III , who owned Field Newspaper Syndicate , allowed him to own the rights to his comic strip. Also in 1947, according to publisher Denis Kitchen , Al Capp , creator of the hugely popular Li'l Abner , "sued United Feature Syndicate for $ 14 million, publicly embarrassed UFS in Li'l Abner , and wrested ownership and control of his creation

2583-454: The following year." Most strips stay with the same syndicate over the course of their run (not counting instances where syndicates merge with each other, are acquired, or change names). Over the years, however, for various reasons, a few notable strips changed syndicates. AP Newsfeatures closed down in 1961 and McNaught Syndicate closed down in 1989, prompting a number of strips to end their runs or move to other syndicates. Sometimes — as in

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2646-412: The front page, were redesigned in 2001. In early 2003, the editorial focus of Zap2it was narrowed down to television and films, and the site was again redesigned. An agreement with Fandango in 2005 allowed for the introduction of online movie ticketing for select theaters. Blogs, including It Happened Last Night , which offered show recaps, were first launched in 2006 and expanded thereafter. In 2007,

2709-477: The historic McClure Newspaper Syndicate , with Louis Ruppel installed as president and editor. King Features, meanwhile, remained a "powerhouse" syndicate throughout the 1950s and the 1960s. In 1963, Chicago-based Field Enterprises and New York Herald Tribune publisher John Hay Whitney acquired Publishers Syndicate , merging Publishers' existing syndication operations with the New York Herald Tribune Syndicate , Field's Chicago Sun-Times Syndicate , and

2772-423: The introduction of sharing tools and a user rating system. Following a testing period, the television-listings product was made available to affiliates. In 2008, a revised movie-showtimes product was developed on the main site. It more prominently showcased movie trailers and offered expanded cast and crew lists which linked to celebrity profile pages. In February 2009, Zap2it began to play an expanded role within

2835-577: The late 1980s. Heathcliff appeared in some 1,000 newspapers, and the McNaught Syndicate became the production company for a few Heathcliff movies, including Heathcliff: The Movie from 1986. In 1975, Field Enterprises absorbed Publishers-Hall into its Field Newspaper Syndicate , consolidating control of such popular, long-running strips as Mary Worth , Steve Roper , Penny , Kerry Drake , Rex Morgan, M.D. , Judge Parker , Miss Peach , B.C. , The Wizard of Id , Dennis

2898-559: The leading strip syndicates are Andrews McMeel Syndication , King Features Syndicate , and Creators Syndicate , with the Tribune Content Agency and The Washington Post Writers Group also in the running. Andrews McMeel syndicates more than 150 comic strips and news features. Andrews McMeel also owns and operates GoComics , a website featuring comic strips currently syndicated by Andrews McMeel, as well as discontinued titles such as Calvin and Hobbes , The Boondocks , and Bloom County ; webcomics such as Pibgorn and Kliban ; plus

2961-452: The name World Feature Service ; in circa 1910 it added the syndication division New York World Press Publishing (also known as Press Publishing Co. ). The Newspaper Enterprise Association , (NEA), founded by E. W. Scripps in 1902, began syndicating comic strips by 1909. The Associated Newspapers syndicate, run by S. S. McClure 's cousin H. H. McClure, was launched in 1912, it was a cooperative of four newspapers: The New York Globe ,

3024-592: The name, characters, and likenesses — enabling them to continue publishing the strip after the original creator retired, left the strip, or died. An early example of this practice was Rudolph Dirks ' hugely successful comic strip, The Katzenjammer Kids , which first appeared in print in 1897. In 1912, Dirks challenged publisher William Randolph Hearst for ownership rights to his comic strip, and ultimately Hearst prevailed. This practice led to "legacy strips" (or more pejoratively " zombie strips ") — strips taken over by other creators — which are often criticized as lacking

3087-582: The new comic, and the result was that the heads of the two papers collaborated and founded the . . . syndicate, which soon was distributing Tribune-News features to every nook and cranny of the country. Patterson founded the Chicago Tribune Syndicate in 1918, managed by Arthur Crawford. In 1933, Patterson (who was then based in New York and running the Daily News ), launched the Chicago Tribune-Daily News Syndicate, Inc. (also known as

3150-510: The site launched "click-to-record" functionality allowing users with TiVo digital video recorders to remotely schedule recordings directly from within the Zap2it television listings. The site launched TVOvermind , a blog dedicated to episodic recaps hosted as a subdomain on the Zap2it website, in 2008. It was later purchased by BC Media Group in 2012. On October 3, 2016, the site was rebranded as Screener. In April 2017, Tribune Media announced

3213-401: The strips was in the hands of both the artist and the syndicate. In 1972, United Features Syndicate acquired the combined operations of the North American Newspaper Alliance and the Bell-McClure Syndicate and absorbed them into United Features' operations. The McNaught Syndicate 's last success came with the comic strip Heathcliff , which they syndicated from the start in 1973 until

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3276-577: The syndicate of the Chicago Daily News (a newspaper that had been acquired by Field Enterprises in 1959). When the New York Herald Tribune folded in 1966, Publishers inherited their strips, including B.C. , Miss Peach , and Penny . The George Matthew Adams Service petered out in the mid-1960s after the death of Adams in 1962; in 1966 the Adams Service's remaining assets and features were acquired by The Washington Star to form

3339-466: The syndicate partnered with the Chicago Tribune Syndicate . At its height, the service distributed 25 features, by such notable names as Pat Boyette , Warren Sattler , Don Sherwood , Frank Thomas , George Wolfe , and Smith himself. Smith died in 1986, with the Al Smith Feature Service continued by his daughters until c. 1999. In September 1952, the Bell-McClure Syndicate acquired

3402-399: The syndicates have had in 100 years of existence." A number of prominent strips moved from King Features (and News America) to the independent company Creators. The following is a list of notable comic strips that, for various reasons, changed syndicates: Comic strip syndication services began operating in the opening years of the 20th century. The first syndicate to distribute comic strips

3465-474: The underground press and underground comix booms petered out by the mid-1970s, both services wound down, with the Rip Off Press Syndicate being discontinued by 1979. Griffith's Zippy strip, however, which had debuted in 1976 as a weekly strip from ROPS, was picked up for daily syndication in 1986 by King Features Syndicate . John McMeel was assistant general manager and national sales director for

3528-905: The web in May 2000. In its earliest iteration, the site was a combination of TMS-owned listings sites TVQuest and MovieQuest plus the then-recently purchased content site UltimateTV . UltimateTV offered viewers and industry insiders breaking news, Nielsen ratings , live celebrity chats and more. The site provided video clips, interviews and promos in its Promo Lounge area. The earliest Zap2it focused on films, television and original web-based content. The site offered original editorials along with listings information for films, television and online. It also listed online content such as short films, interactive games and webisodes offered by Atom Films , Shockwave.com and iFilm . Zap2it's television listings and film showtimes were generated by TMS data, with web listings by Yack data. The site's editorial pages, including

3591-485: Was a great success. Eventually, Gaines and Eastern collaborated in 1934 to publish the ongoing title Famous Funnies , which ran for 218 issues using a mixture of newspaper strip reprints and some original material, and is considered the first true American comic book. Also in 1933, Editors Press Service launched; though never a large operation, EPS is notable for being the first U.S. company to actively syndicate material internationally. Marshall Field III launched

3654-399: Was a picture paper, and it was a perfect setting for the newly developed art of the comic strip. The first issue shows but a single strip, The Gumps . It was the almost instant popularity of this famous strip that directly brought national syndication into being. Midwestern and other papers began writing to the Chicago Tribune , which also published The Gumps , requesting to be allowed to use

3717-504: Was distributed nationally by the Hall Syndicate. The Times Mirror Company launched Mirror Enterprises Syndicate in the late 1940s; it eventually became known as the Los Angeles Times Syndicate and was known for syndicating the Star Wars newspaper strip from 1979 to 1984. Cartoonist Al Smith (mostly known for his long run on Mutt and Jeff ) launched his own syndication service — mainly serving weekly newspapers — in 1951. Early on,

3780-488: Was one of the McNaught Syndicate's big successes. The Des Moines Register launched the long-running Register and Tribune Syndicate in 1922 as well; its most notable cartoons and comic strips included The Family Circus (debuting in 1960), which was eventually distributed to more than 1,000 newspapers. It also syndicated The Amazing Spider-Man , which debuted in 1977 and ran until 2019. In 1925, Chicago-area businessmen Harold H. Anderson and Eugene Conley launched

3843-454: Was purchased by the McClure Syndicate in 1916; Wheeler immediately founded another operation, the Bell Syndicate , and re-acquired cartoonists Fisher and Fox. In 1914, William Randolph Hearst founded King Features , the oldest comics syndicate still in operation. Popular, long-running King strips launched during this period included The Katzenjammer Kids (1897-2006) and Thimble Theatre / Popeye (1919–present). Also launched c. 1914

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3906-506: Was the McClure Newspaper Syndicate (founded in 1884), which began syndicating comic strips circa 1901. (McClure's more notable strips included Billy Bounce , by W. W. Denslow and later by C. W. Kahles , [1901–1906]; Superman , which it syndicated beginning in 1939; and Batman and Robin , debuting in 1943.) Beginning about 1905, Joseph Pulitzer 's New York World began syndicating strips to other newspapers under

3969-720: Was the New York Herald Syndicate, known for most of its operation as the New York Herald Tribune Syndicate . The Syndicate's first comic strip of note was Clare Briggs ' Mr. and Mrs. , which debuted in 1919. The Public Ledger Syndicate was launched in 1915 by Philadelphia Public Ledger publisher Cyrus H. K. Curtis . The Ledger Syndicates' most notable strips during its 30 years in operation were A. E. Hayward 's Somebody's Stenog ; Hairbreadth Harry (by C. W. Kahles and later by F. O. Alexander ); Frank Godwin 's Connie and Babe Bunting ; Joe Bowers' Dizzy Dramas ; Clare Victor Dwiggins ("Dwig")'s Footprints on

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