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42-633: In 1958, according to the result of the 81st conference of State Council , Zamthang county was founded. The name of the county was retrieved from a natural village located in the current administrative region of the county. The village was located on a hill shaped like a Jambhala holding a Dhvaja . According to the Tibetan-Chinese dictionary published by Publishing House of Minority Nationalities , Jambhala in Tibetan means Caishen in Chinese, therefore "Jambhala"

84-426: A conch shell as one of his main emblems; his shell bore the name Panchajanya meaning "having control over the five classes of beings". The endless knot (Sanskrit: śrīvatsa ; Tibetan : དཔལ་བེའུ་ , THL : pelbeu ) denotes "the auspicious mark represented by a curled noose emblematic of love". It is a symbol of the ultimate unity of everything. Moreover, it represents the intertwining of wisdom and compassion,

126-595: Is appointed by the NPC upon the nomination by the president , though in practice the premier is chosen within the CCP leadership, including the Politburo Standing Committee . The vice premiers (one executive and generally three others), state councillors, and a secretary-general (who normally also serves as a state councillor) all assist the premier. Each vice premier oversees certain areas of administration in support of

168-456: Is controversial). The symbols of Jonang Buddhism in Zamtang are 3 famous temples with the name of Querji Temple, Zangwa Temple, and Zebuji temple, all of which are originated from The East SangzhuLuobuling monastery built in 1435 BC. The architecture of the monastery is integrated, made it shaped like a small town. There was also another statement that instead of a small village, the name of the county

210-539: Is inlaid with expensive coral, agate, turquoise, jade or gold and silver. A Tibetan robe is extremely valuable. Zamthang is located in a traditional Tibetan pastoral area，the relationship between men and women is free, but marriage requires parental consent. The date of marriage is usually determined by the Living Buddha or lama . The Tibetan funerals in Zamthang are religious funerals with Tibetan traditions. Cremation

252-653: Is legally required to implement the policies of the CCP. Aside from a few, members of the State Council are also members of the CCP's Central Committee . The State Council is described by the Chinese constitution as the executive organ of the National People's Congress (NPC), as well as the "highest state administrative organ". Constitutionally, the main functions of the State Council are to formulate administrative measures, issue decisions and orders, and monitor their implementation; draft legislative bills for submission to

294-593: Is said to be engraved on his chest. A similar engraving of the Shrivatsa on the historical Gautama Buddha 's chest is mentioned in some lists of the Physical characteristics of the Buddha . The two golden fish (Sanskrit: gaurmatsya ; Tibetan : གསེར་ཉ་ , THL : sernya ) symbolise the auspiciousness of all sentient beings in a state of fearlessness without danger of drowning in saṃsāra. The two golden fishes are linked with

336-400: Is the sacred set of Eight Auspicious Signs ( Chinese : 八吉祥 , bajixiang ) featured in a number of Indian religions such as Hinduism , Jainism , and Buddhism . The symbols or "symbolic attributes" ( Tibetan : ཕྱག་མཚན་ , THL : chaktsen ) are yidam and teaching tools. Not only do these attributes (or energetic signatures) point to qualities of enlightened mindstream , but they are

378-432: Is to say, its energy centres ( chakra ). The jewelled parasol (Sanskrit: chatraratna ; Tibetan : རིན་ཆེན་གདུགས་ , THL : rinchenduk ), which is similar in ritual function to the baldachin or canopy : represents the protection of beings from harmful forces and illness. It represents the canopy or firmament of the sky and therefore the expansiveness and unfolding of space and the element æther . It represents

420-473: The CCP Central Committee 's leadership over the State Council. The amended law also stipulates the State Council must follow the CCP's ideology and policies. The State Council is composed of the premier , several vice premiers , several state councillors , ministers of ministries, directors of committees, the auditor general, and the secretary-general . The premier leads the State Council and

462-617: The Ganges and Yamuna nadi , prana and carp : The two fishes originally represented the two main sacred rivers of India – the Ganges and Yamuna. These rivers are associated with the lunar and solar channels, which originate in the nostrils and carry the alternating rhythms of breath or prana. They have religious significance in Hindu, Jain and Buddhist traditions but also in Christianity (the sign of

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504-719: The Ministry for National Defense but does not control the People's Liberation Army, which is instead controlled by the Central Military Commission (CMC). The State Council previously had joint command over the People's Armed Police (PAP) together with the CMC, principally through the Ministry of Public Security , though 2018 reforms placed the PAP solely under CMC command. The plenary session of

546-712: The Dharma teaching. This symbol is commonly used by Tibetan Buddhists, where it sometimes also includes an inner wheel of the Gankyil (Tibetan). Nepalese Buddhists do not use the Wheel of Law in the eight auspicious symbols. Instead of the Dharmachakra, a fly-whisk may be used as one of the Ashtamangala to symbolize Tantric manifestations. It is made of a yak 's tail attached to a silver staff, and used in ritual recitation and during fanning

588-856: The Lhamo that mainly performed in Amdo district, and it performs in Amdo Tibetan or Amdo folk singings. Sculptures and paintings are a must-look in the religious culture and art of Zamthang area. There are clay sculptures, woodcut or woodcarving sculptures, brick carving sculptures, sculptures made of Yak butter and sandpaintings, all of which have perfect and vivid shapes. The Buddharupa in temples are mainly clay sculptures and woodcarving sculptures, where woodcarving sculptures are generally used on lintels, pillar windows and other buildings, with dragons, tigers, lions and Ashtamangalas symbolizing good luck engraved on it. The brick carving sculptures are mainly used to construct

630-517: The NPC or its Standing Committee; and prepare the economic plan and the state budget for deliberation and approval by the NPC. The State Council has flexibility in decision-making, especially with regard to economic matters, but the Politburo has ultimate authority. In 2024, during the second session of the 14th National People's Congress , the Organic Law of the State Council was amended to mandate

672-486: The People's Republic of China , also known as the Central People's Government , is the chief administrative authority and the national cabinet of China . It is constitutionally the highest administrative organ of the country and the executive organ of the National People's Congress , the highest organ of state power . It is composed of the premier, vice premiers, state councilors, ministers, chairpersons of commissions,

714-645: The State Council is hosted by the Premier, joined by Vice Premiers, State Councillors, Ministers in charge of Ministries and Commissions, the Governor of the People's Bank, the Auditor-General, and the Secretary-General. It usually runs bi-annually and when necessary, non-members can be invited to participate. Ashtamangala The Ashtamangala ( Sanskrit : अष्टमङ्गल , romanized :  Aṣṭamaṅgala )

756-434: The State Council meets every six months, composed of all members of the State Council. Between meetings it is guided by an Executive Meeting of the State Council  [ zh ] which is held two to three times a month, and can be called at the discretion of the premier. The Executive Meeting is composed of the premier, vice premiers, state councilors, and the secretary-general. (first-ranked) The Plenary Meeting of

798-491: The State Council, consisting of the premier, vice premiers, state councillors and the secretary-general, meets two to three times a month, while the plenary session, consisting of all members of the State Council, meets every six months. The State Council directly oversees provincial-level People's Governments, and in practice maintains membership with top levels of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The State Council

840-471: The Tibetan tradition, a list of eleven different forms of the victory banner is given to represent eleven specific methods for overcoming defilement. Many variations of the dhvaja's design can be seen on the roofs of Tibetan monasteries to symbolise the Buddha's victory over four māras. Banners are placed at the four corners of monastery and temple roofs. The cylindrical banners placed on monastery roofs are often made of beaten copper. Different traditions order

882-466: The auditor-general, the governor of the People's Bank of China, and the secretary-general. The premier is responsible for the State Council and exercises overall leadership of its work. The secretary-general of the State Council, under the leadership of the premier, is responsible for handling the daily work of the State Council and heads the General Office of the State Council. The executive meeting of

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924-404: The beautiful, deep, melodious, interpenetrating and pervasive sound of the dharma , which awakens disciples from the deep slumber of ignorance and urges them to accomplish their own welfare for the welfare of others. The conch shell is thought to have been the original horn-trumpet; ancient Indian mythical epics relate heroes carrying conch shells. The Indian god Vishnu is also described as having

966-422: The constituent departments are proposed by the premier and decided by the NPC or its Standing Committee. Bureaus and administrations rank below ministries. In addition to the ministries, there are 38 centrally administered government organizations that report directly to the state council. The heads of these organizations attend full meetings of the state committee on an irregular basis. The State Council controls

1008-474: The county's name "Zamthang"( 壤塘 ; འཛམ་ཐང་། ). Between Xiangla Dongji Holy Mountain Scenic Area and Haizi Mountain Scenic Area, which are the two most famous touristic attraction in Zamthang, bred the religion of Jonang Buddhism, one of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism. The other schools are Nyingma , Kagyu , Sakya , Kadam , Gelug , gcod yul ( གཅོད་ཡུལ་པ་་ ) and Bon (the relationship to Tibetan Buddhism

1050-418: The day-to-day work of the State Council. The State Council includes 26 constituent departments, and oversees the province-level governments throughout China. Each ministry supervises one sector. Commissions outrank ministries and set policies for and coordinate the related activities of different administrative organs. Offices deal with matters of ongoing concern. The establishment, dissolution, or merger of

1092-412: The deities in pujas . Prayer wheels take the form of a Dharmachakra guise. The dhvaja (Sanskrit; Tibetan : རྒྱལ་མཚན་ , THL : gyeltsen ) "banner, flag" was a military standard of ancient Indian warfare. The symbol represents the Buddha's victory over the four māras , or hindrances in the path of enlightenment. These hindrances are pride, desire, disturbing emotions, and the fear of death. Within

1134-607: The dharma: no matter how many teachings he shared, the treasure never lessened. The iconography representation of the treasure vase is often very similar to the kumbha , one of the few possessions permitted a bhikkhu or bhikkhuni in Theravada Buddhism . The wisdom urn or treasure vase is used in many empowerment (Vajrayana) and initiations. The Dharmachakra or "Wheel of the Law" (Sanskrit; Tibetan : ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་ , THL : chö kyi khorlo ) represents Gautama Buddha and

1176-657: The eight symbols differently. Here is the sequential order of the Eight Auspicious Symbols of Nepali Buddhism : The sequential order for Chinese Buddhism was defined in the Qing dynasty as: In Indian and Hindu tradition, the Ashtamangala may be used during certain occasions including: pujas , weddings (of Hindus), and coronations . The ashtamangala finds wide mention in the texts associated with Hinduism , Buddhism , and Jainism . They have been depicted in decorative motifs and cultural artifacts. In Jainism ,

1218-399: The expansiveness, unfolding and protective quality of the sahasrara : all take refuge in the dharma under the auspiciousness of the parasol. The treasure vase ( Tibetan : གཏེར་ཆེན་པོའི་བུམ་པ་ , THL : terchenpo'i bumpa ) represents health, longevity, wealth, prosperity, wisdom and the phenomenon of space. The treasure vase, or pot, symbolizes the Buddha's infinite quality of teaching

1260-453: The fish, the feeding of the five thousand). In Buddhism, the fish symbolize happiness as they have complete freedom of movement in the water. They represent fertility and abundance. Often drawn in the form of carp, which are regarded in the Orient as sacred on account of their elegant beauty, size, and life-span. The lotus flower (Sanskrit: padma ; Tibetan : པདྨ , THL : péma ) represents

1302-592: The investiture that ornaments these enlightened "qualities" (Sanskrit: guṇa ; Tibetan : ཡོན་ཏན་ , THL : yönten ). Many cultural enumerations and variations of the Ashtamangala are extant. Groupings of eight auspicious symbols were originally used in India at ceremonies such as an investiture or coronation of a king. An early grouping of symbols included: throne , swastika , handprint, hooked knot , vase of jewels , water libation flask, pair of fishes, lidded bowl. In Buddhism, these eight symbols of good fortune represent

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1344-464: The mutual dependence of religious doctrine and secular affairs, the union of wisdom and method, the inseparability of śūnyatā "emptiness" and pratītyasamutpāda "interdependent origination", and the union of wisdom and compassion in enlightenment (see: namkha ). This knot, net or web metaphor also conveys the Buddhist teaching of interpenetration . . It is also an attribute of the god Vishnu , which

1386-485: The offerings made by the gods to Shakyamuni Buddha immediately after he gained enlightenment. Tibetan Buddhists make use of a particular set of eight auspicious symbols, ashtamangala , in household and public art. Some common interpretations are given along with each symbol although different teachers may give different interpretations: The right-turning white conch shell (Sanskrit: śaṅkha ; Tibetan : དུང་དཀར་གཡས་འཁྱིལ་ , THL : dungkar yénkhyil ) represents

1428-458: The pagoda is that outside the wall of the 9th floor of the pagoda, each side has a row of stone slabs protruding from the wall, about 20 cm in length, and exactly one-foot board is placed on it. The explorer can come out from the gate of the tower, hold the tower body in his hand, move his/her steps on this row of suspended stone slabs, and turn around the pagoda. This Lhamo in Nanmuda is one of

1470-866: The people who speak the other three Tibetic languages, because although these four languages share the same written script, their phonology, grammar and vocabulary are quite different. Therefore, Zamthang people cannot directly talk to Lhasa people, unless they specifically go learn the Central Tibetan language. More specifically, the Amdo Tibetan is not a tonal and retains many word-initial consonant clusters that have been lost in Central Tibetan . The 9-floor Maitreya Pagoda in Zamthang could be regarded as an exhibition hall of Buddharupa , displaying various Buddharupa including murals , Thangka paintings , clay statues and some metal statues. What's interesting about

1512-489: The premier. In practice, the vice premiers and State Councillors assume responsibility for one or more sectors or issues, and remain in contact with the various bodies responsible for policy related to that area. This allows the Standing Committee to oversee a wide range of government functions. Each State Councillor performs duties as designated by the Premier. The secretary-general heads the General Office which handles

1554-408: The primordial purity of body, speech, and mind , floating above the muddy waters of attachment and desire. The lotus symbolizes purity and renunciation. Although the lotus has its roots in the mud at the bottom of a pond, its flower lies immaculate above the water. The Buddhist lotus bloom has 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 64, 100, or 1,000 petals. The same figures can refer to the body's 'internal lotuses', that

1596-422: The roof lace of Tibetan-style buildings, animals on the cornice and relieves on the windowpane. Sandpaintings are mainly to draw Thangka paintings and murals. Thangkas, called religious scroll paintings, are painted with brocade, silk embroidery, and colour paintings. As a treasure of Tibetan religious art, they have precious value and are enshrined in temples or Tibetan homes. The murals are mainly used to decorate

1638-435: The temple corridors. Tibetan costumes in Zamthang have materials mainly used sheepskin and pupu (wool material woven with wool). The Zamthang robe is long, with a broad front and border. In some Tibetan festivals, people in Zamthang will Wear a felt hat, a silk ribbon around the waist, a waist knife. Many Tibetan robes use cloths or high-grade cloths, and colourful silk or precious otter skin (or other animal skins). The costume

1680-553: Was actually from the monastery. The builder of the monastery was called Zhong, who was an influential man in Ming dynasty . Zhong was named "The master of Promoting the doctrine" by the imperial court of Ming dynasty. Most of the Tibetan people in Zamthang are Gyalrong people , and they mainly speak Amdo Tibetan , which is one of four main spoken Tibetic languages, the other three are Central Tibetan , Khams Tibetan and Ladakhi language . The people who speak Amdo Tibetan can not understand

1722-469: Was only used for lama or respectable people in ancient times, while it became popular among normal Tibetan people after the new millennium and have certain specifications. Babies or children are usually buried in water. Only villains or bad persons are buried in the ground. Zamthang comprises 8 townships , 3 towns : State Council of the People%27s Republic of China The State Council of

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1764-445: Was retrieved to be part of the county's name (Chinese: 壤巴拉 ; Tibetan : ཛམ་པ་ལ ). Also, there was a flat ground located in front of the hill, in Tibetan, "thang" ( ཐང་ ) means "ground" or "field", therefore, the second part was retrieved as "thang" ( 塘 ). Therefore, the county's name is the combination of "Jambhala" and "thang". In order to simplify the name, the government took "Jam" in "Jambhala" as "Zam" ( 壤 ; འཛམ ) and made

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