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21-522: The formerly disputed Abagaitu Islet in the Argun River is located about 100 kilometers (62 mi) to the east. Zabaikalsk has a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) with very warm summers and very cold winters. It was founded in 1904 as a station ( Razyezd 86 , i.e. " Passing loop No. 86") on the Chinese Eastern Railway . Since 1924, a border guard detachment has been stationed there. In

42-466: A different shipper. Transshipment is normally fully legal and an everyday part of world trade. However, it can also be a method used to disguise intent, as is the case with illegal logging , smuggling , or grey-market goods. The transshipment of containers at a container port or terminal can be defined as the number (or proportion) of containers, possibly expressed in TEU , of the total container flow that

63-617: A line that branches off the present-day main Trans-Siberian Railway line at Karymskaya junction (east of Chita ), and continues southeast toward the Chinese border. Originally (until 1916), this line was part of the main Moscow-to-Vladivostok rail route, where trains coming from the west would continue into China on the former Chinese Eastern Railway , in order to cut across Manchuria on their way to Russian Vladivostok. After

84-646: Is an islet in the Argun River (Asia) divided between the People's Republic of China ( Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ) and Russia ( Chita Oblast ). Its area is 58 square kilometres (22 square miles). The island was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1929, a move not accepted by China, resulting in a border dispute that lasted more than seventy years. On October 14, 2004, the Complementary Agreement between

105-557: Is counted twice in the port performance, since it is handled twice by the waterside container cranes (separate unloading from arriving ship A, waiting in the stack, and loading onto departing ship B). Transshipment at sea is done by transferring goods from one ship to another. In global fisheries transshipment is used to transfer catch to refrigerated cargo vessels that also supply fishing vessels with fuel, food, equipment and personnel allowing them to stay at sea for months or even years. This guarantees that fish quickly find their way to

126-414: Is handled at the port or terminal and, after temporary storage in the stack, transferred to another ship to reach their destinations. The exact definition of transshipment may differ between ports, mostly depending on the inclusion of inland water transport (barges operating on canals and rivers to the hinterland ). The definition of transshipment may: In both cases, a single, unique, transshipped container

147-451: Is to change the means of transport during the journey (e.g., from ship transport to road transport ), known as transloading . Another reason is to combine small shipments into a large shipment (consolidation), or the opposite: dividing a large shipment into smaller shipments (deconsolidation). Transshipment usually takes place in transport hubs . Much international transshipment also takes place in designated customs areas , thus avoiding

168-482: The 1,524 mm ( 5 ft ) gauge of the Soviet Railways to the 1,435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) Manchukuo National Railway . Since 2005, a number of projects have been carried out to increase the capacity of the "Southern Branch", and its connection to China. The goal was to enable the railway by 2010 to handle 30 trains in each direction, each one up to 71 cars long. By 2005,

189-867: The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on the Eastern Section of the China–Russia Boundary was signed, in which Russia agreed to relinquish control over a part of Abagaitu Islet. In 2005, the Russian Duma and the Chinese National People's Congress approved the agreement. Transshipment Transshipment , trans-shipment or transhipment is the shipment of goods or containers to an intermediate destination, then to another destination. One possible reason for transshipment

210-597: The Trans-Siberian Railway, located on the border between the Soviet Union and Manchuria. The Manchurian government refused to accept them for fear of worsening relations with Germany. Major General Kiichiro Higuchi , who was consulted by Abraham Kaufman , the head of the Far Eastern Jewish Association, saw the situation and together with his subordinates arranged for food, clothing, fuel to survive

231-558: The USSR to Manchukuo and converted from the 1,520 mm ( 4 ft  11 + 27 ⁄ 32  in ) gauge of the Russian Railways to the 1,435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) China Railway ; Otpor thus became the last Russian-gauge station. The station became quite important in 1945, as one of the bases of the Soviet invasion of Manchuria , which also saw

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252-481: The aftermath of the Sino-Soviet conflict (1929) the station was renamed Otpor ("Repulse"). Until the mid-1930s, Razyezd 86 / Otpor had little significance as a station, as all border formalities were done at Matsiyevskaya station (deeper into Russia) and at Manzhouli Railway Station , on the Chinese side of the border. The station was expanded in the mid-1930s, as the railway on the Chinese side had been sold by

273-604: The cold, medical care, and a route to Shanghai for the Jews.　 This route was called the "Higuchi Route," and it is said that between 4,000 and 20,000 Jews traveled to Shanghai via this route between 1938 and 1940. Later, Sugihara Chiune and Wang Kaewo rescued Jewish refugees to the Japanese concession in Shanghai. For this achievement, Higuchi's name was listed in the sixth "Golden Book" in 1941. The Russo-Chinese highway AH6 passes through

294-517: The export of bulk minerals including bauxite , iron ore and potash from mines in Queensland , Western Australia and the Northern Territory . At a break-of-gauge , cargo is transloaded from boxcars or covered goods wagons on one track to wagons on another track of a different rail gauge , or else containers are transloaded from flatcars on one track to flatcars on another track of

315-413: The market without a decrease in quality. Since transshipment at sea encounters often happen on the high seas, in regions with poor regulation and oversight, they are also used to disguise criminal activities such as illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing , forced labor , human trafficking and drug smuggling . Several states and regional fishery management organizations have therefore prohibited

336-594: The maximum weight of the trains using the line had already been increased from 4,000 to 6,300 tons. In 2008, TransContainer 's container transshipment facility was expanded. Work on modernizing the facility for passenger railcar bogie exchange was conducted as well. Abagaitu Islet 49°33′31″N 117°53′54″E  /  49.55857°N 117.898364°E  / 49.55857; 117.898364 Abagaitu Islet ( simplified Chinese : 阿巴该图洲渚 ; traditional Chinese : 阿巴該圖洲渚 ; pinyin : Ābāgāitú Zhōuzhǔ ; Russian : Большой остров , Bolshoy Ostrov)

357-614: The modern route of the Trans-Siberian Railway , located entirely within Russian national territory, was completed in 1916, the Southern Branch's role was restricted to that of servicing Russia's border communities, and providing connectivity to China. Zabaykalsk has been a transshipment station for a break of gauge since the 1930s, when the railway on the Chinese side had been sold by the USSR to Manchukuo and converted from

378-402: The need for customs checks or duties, otherwise a major hindrance for efficient transport. An item handled (from the shipper's point of view) as a single movement is not generally considered transshipped, even if it changes from one mode of transport to another at several points. Previously, it was often not distinguished from transloading , since each leg of such a trip was typically handled by

399-429: The practice for certain vessel types or issued a complete ban within their zone of jurisdiction. Transshipment at sea also occurs in the export of bulk products. Choosing to transship reduces capital costs for port developers and can overcome problems arising from limited access to deep water. Loading barges typically specify 4 to 7 meters of draft. Since at least 2011, transshipment has been used in northern Australia in

420-585: The rail line on the Chinese side temporary re-converted to Russian gauge. The station's importance continued as the main rail connection between the USSR and the Communist China. On China's request, in 1958 the Soviets changed the name "Otpor" to the neutral Zabaykalsk (i.e., "a city in Transbaikalia ", or "a city beyond Lake Baikal "). Eighteen Jews fled from Europe to Otopol Station (now Zabaykalsk Station) on

441-523: The town. Zabaykalsk/Manzhouli is one of the three direct connections between Russian and Chinese Railways . The other two are in Primorsky Krai , much farther to the east; besides, much traffic between Russia and China travels on the rail line crossing Mongolia . It is served by what is now officially called the Southern Branch of the Transbaykal Railway (Южный ход Забайкальской железной дороги):

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