A battery electric bus is an electric bus that is driven by an electric motor and obtains energy from on-board batteries . Many trolleybuses use batteries as an auxiliary or emergency power source.
50-820: The Yutong E10 , also sold as the longer Yutong E12 , is a battery electric single-decker bus manufactured by Yutong in Zhengzhou since 2016 for both Chinese and international bus operators. The Yutong E10 debuted in China in 2016, transporting delegates to meetings of the National People's Congress in Beijing . Both the Yutong E10 and Yutong E12 are powered by a 215 kW electric motor capable of producing 3,500 newton-metres (2,600 lbf⋅ft) of torque. The buses carry twelve liquid-cooled lithium iron phosphate batteries with
100-491: A plethora of aftershocks following . Depots, buses, and vital infrastructure required for adequate and safe bus operation were damaged and destroyed during the earthquake and aftershocks following. Older vehicles had to be sourced from Auckland, Taurunga and Wellington as well as various other towns and cities throughout New Zealand as many of the buses used in Christchurch were either destroyed, damaged, or delayed in because of
150-429: A trolleybus . They typically recover braking energy to increase efficiency by a regenerative brake . With energy consumption of about 1.2 kW⋅h/km (4.3 MJ/km; 1.9 kW⋅h/mi), the cost of ownership is lower than diesel buses. As of 2016 battery buses have less range, higher weight, higher procurement costs. The reduced infrastructure for overhead lines is offset by the costs of the infrastructure to recharge
200-460: A certificate of road worthiness. Some of the severe faults included bald tires, loose steering, and major fuel leaks. Most of these defective buses inspected were under operation from Christchurch Bus Services Ltd, with the minority being from Red Bus LTD and the Urban Cat services. The minority had no pink-stickered vehicles. The amount of buses taken off the road from Christchurch Bus Services violated
250-668: A corporate staff shuttle between Feltham railway station in west London and Sunbury-on-Thames , Scottish Power , who took delivery of a single seatbelted E10 in December 2020, the first such bus to enter service in Scotland, to transporting visitors to the visitor centre of the Whitelee Wind Farm , Stagecoach Midlands , who took delivery of a single E10 in July 2021 for use on a National Grid employee shuttle contract between Leamington Spa and
300-609: A further 158 E10s and E12s for distribution to Stagecoach East Midlands in Chesterfield , Stagecoach Midlands in Rugby , Leamington Spa and Nuneaton , Stagecoach North East in Slatyford , Stockton-on-Tees and Sunderland , and Stagecoach Merseyside and South Lancashire in Preston , with the buses set to be delivered to these subsidiaries between July 2024 and early 2025. Shortly before
350-945: A further fourteen electric buses are planned to be delivered for this service. A fleet of 24 E12s entered service with Nottingham City Transport in April 2024 as part of the electrification of the operator's single-deck fleet, with a further 38 E10s and E12s due for delivery between late 2024 and early 2026, all to be based at the operator's Trent Bridge garage. The Stagecoach Group first took delivery of 25 Yutong E10s for their Stagecoach Highlands in early 2023 for use in Inverness . 23 E12s with pantograph chargers entered service with Stagecoach Yorkshire in May 2024 for services in Barnsley , Doncaster and Rotherham , Stagecoach announced in June 2024 that it had ordered
400-496: A maximum charging capacity of 422 kWh, allowing for a maximum range of 370 kilometres (230 mi) on a single charge. There is also an option for a smaller 350 kWh battery. Regenerative braking can also be used to extend the range of the bus by up to 40%. Both buses use ZF front and rear axles, the former using an independent suspension , as well as ZF electro-hydraulic power steering. The buses use an Electronically Controlled Air Suspension (ECAS) consisting of airbags in
450-413: A new body to extend the usable life of the bus made the oldest buses age sit around 30 years old at the time of inspection. Christchurch Buses Limited followed a similar practice of re-bodying from the same bodybuilder Designline , making Frakenstein like buses out of various parts from many truck, camper van and bus manufacturers. A lack of uniformity in parts, bodywork and various ages of said parts on
500-624: A reported $ 170m. In 2020, Ngāi Tahu Holdings and Tainui Group Holdings agreed to sell passenger transport company Go Bus to Melbourne-based industry operator Kinetic . The sale was finalised in August 2020. Some growth has been by acquisition of bus companies (see below), some by winning new contracts. Among the latter have been – Christchurch Bus Services Ltd operated Metro routes for Environment Canterbury in Christchurch and Timaru , as well as private charter services for groups and schools. It
550-576: A route serving the Halton Moor district of Leeds in October; a further 42 have been ordered by FirstGroup operators First Essex , First West of England and The Buses of Somerset for delivery to Basildon , Bristol , Taunton and Weston-super-Mare during 2025. In Leicester , fifteen E12s were ordered by Leicester City Council , with eleven delivered to Roberts Travel Group in February 2021 for use on
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#1732887619584600-406: A smaller battery on the bus, which reduces the initial investment and subsequent costs. Battery electric buses offer the potential for zero-emissions, in addition to much quieter operation and better acceleration compared to traditional buses. They also eliminate infrastructure needed for a constant grid connection and allow routes to be modified without infrastructure changes, in contrast with
650-487: A truly zero-emission solution if the power grid they rely on for charging is not also free of fossil fuel energy sources. The lithium batteries may also contribute to environmental pollution around the world where lithium mining takes place. NREL publishes zero-emission bus evaluation results from various commercial operators. NREL published following total operating cost per mile: with County Connection , for June 2017 through May 2018, for an 8-vehicle diesel bus fleet,
700-511: Is also partnered with battery supplier Zenobe, who assist in installing charging infrastructure and providing new batteries for electric bus operators. The first ten Yutong E10s ordered for the United Kingdom market entered service with Go North East in November 2020. These Yutongs were branded as Voltra buses for services on routes 53 and 54 between Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead , with
750-601: The 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow , Scottish bus operator McGill's Bus Services received 55 E12s, which were followed by 41 more of the type, 31 of these being E12s and the remaining ten being McGill's first short E10s, in March 2023; McGill's Yutong electric fleet of 96 buses is the biggest order so far of Yutong electric buses in the United Kingdom. Elsewhere in Scotland, First Aberdeen took delivery of 24 E12s for delivery in early 2023, all entering service with
800-490: The Mestre borough of Venice have been involved in three distinct incidents, one of which was fatal. The first incident occurred in on 16 June 2023, and according to the driver's statement, was a result of unresponsive brakes. No casualties were reported in this occurrence. The second incident took place on 3 October 2023, when the bus fell off a viaduct , resulting in 21 deaths and 15 injuries. On 14 October 2023, another bus from
850-710: The Pirongia , Whatawhata and Hamilton route, which had been running from 1926 and was still running in 1942 and ran buses to Tokanui from 1933. Lewis' son, Reece Hodgson, was killed while driving a Te Awamutu- Tauranga excursion in 1950. The 1937 brick and concrete, art deco garage in Te Awamutu was in use until 2020, when it was advertised for sale. It remained in 2021, but was to be replaced by 16 houses. Simpsons ran Huntly buses from at least 1929. Simpsons Bus Services Limited operated from 1978 to 1998 and from then to 2008. The bus operations were sold in 2003, when
900-590: The Christchurch Earthquakes. Calvin West of Kiwi Coaches called the NZTA ordeal baseless and a "witch hunt". However, the Christchurch inspection was sudden and on the road meaning various factors from bus operation on the road could of occurred. The inspection at Kiwi Coaches took the oldest vehicle in their yard and inspected it, various re-registrations through the process of re-bodying where an existing chassis receives
950-560: The United States are about equal. The London Electrobus Company started running the first ever service of battery electric buses between London 's Victoria station and Liverpool Street on 15 July 1907. However, the weight and inefficiency of batteries meant that other propulsion technology - such as electric trolleybuses or diesel buses - became commonplace. The first battery buses were mostly small, mini- or midi- buses. The improvement of battery technology from around 2010 led to
1000-662: The batteries. In addition, the additional weight of batteries in a battery electric bus means that they have a lower passenger capacity than trolleybuses in jurisdictions where there is a legal limit on axle loads on roads. Battery buses are used almost exclusively in urban areas rather than for long-haul transportation. Urban transit features relatively short intervals between charging opportunities. Sufficient recharging can take place within 4 to 5 minutes (250 to 450 kW [340 to 600 hp]) usually by induction or catenary . Finally, as with other electric-powered alternatives to fossil-fueled engines, battery electric buses are not
1050-582: The bus building factories in Canterbury having delays in manufacturing due to damage sustained in the Christchurch and delays in part delivery. A collapsed wall at the Designline's bus factory in Rollestone - interrupted production of 23 buses for Lepoard and delayed arrival for Redbus . Flooding in China interrupted production of Zhong Tong buses for supply to Christchurch Bus Services in 2010 also. Some of
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#17328876195841100-734: The charging can take place only at night, which has the further advantage of mitigating the strain on the power grid since charging is then taking place while power consumption elsewhere is minimal. While this is a safe solution, it is also very costly and not scalable. Another solution is ensuring that the vehicle daily schedule takes into account also the need to charge, keeping the overall schedule as close to optimal as possible. Today, there are various software companies that help bus operators manage their electric bus charging schedule. These solutions ensure that buses continue to operate safely, without any unplanned stops and inconvenience to passengers. Supercapacitors can be charged rapidly, reducing
1150-751: The city in April 2020. In Australia, the Yutong E12 has proven popular with many bus operators nationwide who opted to trial the vehicle. Nine Yutong E12s were delivered to Interline Bus Services from April 2021, a small fleet was delivered to Transit Systems NSW , and eight E12s began entering service with ACTION of Canberra from February 2023, followed by a further 90 E12s in June 2023. E12s were also ordered by New Zealand operator Go Bus Transport , with nine delivered to Auckland for its 'Airporter' services serving Auckland Airport in January 2021 and an additional three delivered for services in Christchurch later in
1200-479: The city of Łomża in 2022, and 20 E12s have been ordered by the city of Białystok . E12s have also been delivered to Bulgaria, with 20 E12s delivered to the capital Sofia in December 2018 and 14 delivered to Pleven in December 2021, enabling the latter to be Bulgaria's first city with an all-electric bus fleet. 250 Yutong E12s are set to enter service in the Greek cities of Athens and Thessaloniki from Spring 2024 as
1250-498: The city's park & ride services and the remaining four delivered to Centrebus in June 2022 for 'Hospital Hopper' services to the University Hospitals of Leicester . Centrebus would subsequently take delivery of six E10s in October 2022, the first zero-emissions buses to be delivered through a Department for Transport -funded Zero Emission Bus Regional Areas (ZEBRA) scheme, for use on its 'Orbital' network across Leicester;
1300-479: The company collided with the pillar of a building, causing 13 injuries. At present, all La Linea company bus services are temporarily suspended, and investigations into the second and third accidents are underway. Battery electric bus In 2018, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) found that total operating costs per mile of an electric bus fleet and a diesel bus fleet in
1350-709: The company had 34 buses. Wellington investment group Morrison and Co. had become a 41% shareholder by 2005. In 2007, Direct Capital bought 87% of Go Bus. The other 13% remained with Go Bus managers and directors. Go Bus then had 410 vehicles, 4 workshops, 8 depots and 460 staff. By 2010, it had 650 buses and over 700 staff. From 2007 to 2012, Go Bus more than doubled its fleet and increased its staff to 950. Direct put Go Bus up for sale, saying it needed more capital to continue expanding. In 2012, another private equity fund, Australia's Next Capital, bought Direct's 86.8% of Go Bus for $ 84.6m. In 2014, Ngāi Tahu Holdings Corp (⅔) and Tainui Group Holdings (⅓) bought Go Bus for
1400-558: The company's Warwick Technology Park headquarters, and CT4N of Nottingham , who took delivery of two for use on a shuttle service to the East Midlands Gateway . Transdev Airport Services took delivery of 17 of the UK's first Yutong E12s built to dual-door configuration in December 2023, commencing operations on airside shuttle services at Heathrow Airport in February 2024. In Italy, three Yutong E12 buses operated by La Linea s.p.a. in
1450-625: The contract terms with Environment Canterbury for not being able to operate the services adequately and in a safe manner, with all contracted buses requiring a certificate of fitness at all times of operation. Christchurch Bus Services Ltd was given an ultimatum to sell the company to a different provider or risk losing their contracts. Christchurch Bus Services LTD in Late November 2010 was forced to sell their business to Go Bus. However, Christchurch experienced an earthquake in September of 2010 and
1500-410: The country’s entire fleet." Chinese cities are adding 1,900 electric buses per week. Charging electric bus batteries is not as simple as refueling a diesel engine. Special attention, monitoring, and scheduling are required to make optimal use of the charging process, while also ensuring proper battery maintenance and safekeeping. Some operators manage these challenges by purchasing extra buses. This way
1550-526: The emergence of the mass-produced battery bus, including heavier units such as 12.2-meter (40 ft) standard buses and articulated buses. China was the first country to introduce modern battery electric buses in large scale. In 2009 Shanghai catenary bus lines began switching to battery buses. In September 2010, Chinese automobile company BYD began manufacturing the BYD K9 , one of the most popular electric buses The first city to heavily invest in electric buses
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1600-489: The end of 2013. In April 2014, Go Bus took over Invercargill Passenger Transport , which at that time was trading as Passenger Transport Citibus throughout the southern South Island . In August 2016, Go Bus announced that they had acquired Johnston's Coachlines for an undisclosed sum from TR Group Limited . Johnston's is a tourism-based bus company with depots in Auckland, Christchurch and Queenstown . The main purpose of
1650-629: The faults could of also have been attributed to an aging fleet due to the September 2010 Christchurch Earthquake and subsequent aftershocks from 2010. Kiwi Coaches Charters Ltd in Māngere , Auckland and New Zealand Coach Services in Upper Hut have also been scrutinised by the New Zealand Transport Agency for defects similarly on the exact same bus models used by Christchurch Bus Companies in lieu of bus manufacturing delays and damages caused by
1700-754: The first of 1,300 electric buses planned to be operated across the country. 100 Yutong E12s were ordered for bus operators in Santiago de Chile in 2018, as part of a scheme seeking to electrify the city's bus network by 2050, while in Uruguay , as part of a scheme to begin replacing 150 diesel buses in the capital Montevideo , ten Yutong E12s were delivered to operators across the city in April 2020: four E12s were delivered to COETC , three were delivered to COMESA and another three were delivered to UCOT . Singapore's Land Transport Authority took delivery of 20 E12s as part of an order of 60 electric single-decker buses for
1750-958: The front and rear of the bus, in addition to ZF SACHS shock absorbers. In the United Kingdom, both buses can carry 70 passengers, with the E10 carrying 35 seated and 36 standing passengers and the E12 carrying 39 seated and 31 standing passengers. Wheelchair access is provided on both buses as standard. The Yutong E12 is popular in the Nordic countries . The city of Roskilde in Denmark received its first Yutong buses in 2019, replacing its diesel bus fleet with 20 E12s. The cities of Copenhagen and Odense in Denmark, as well as Bergen in Norway, who all have bus services run by Keolis soon followed, with each city receiving deliveries of Yutong E12s throughout 2020 and 2021; an E12 demonstrator
1800-455: The launch preceded by a major marketing campaign by Go North East, and were delivered with high-specification interiors and exterior LED lighting designed by Best Impressions. Go North East would subsequently take delivery of nine E12s delivered to Voltra specification for use on the QuayCity Q3 service in September 2022. Nine E10s were also delivered to First Leeds in 2020, entering service on
1850-575: The operator in July 2023, with some of the buses initially loaned to First Glasgow . In Wales, after purchasing a demonstrator vehicle from Yutong in 2019, Newport Bus ordered 14 E12s in 2020, the first electric buses to be purchased by a Welsh bus operator. Further deliveries of Yutong E12s as well as E10s between 2022 and 2023 would take Newport's total fleet of Yutong electric buses to 44 by May 2023. E12s also entered service with Cardiff Bus in December 2021, with 36 being delivered with special branding for routes around Cardiff ; an E12 from this batch
1900-461: The re-bodied buses may of caused issues with diagnostic, repairs and part availability causing the faults on Christchurch Buses Limited fleet to be amplified in comparison to other operators. In July 2013, Go Bus Transport took over the 'Urban Cat' Christchurch urban bus operations of Leopard Coachlines , gaining around 90 buses. Based in Kaiapoi , Hawarden Garage & Transport Co Ltd was bought at
1950-572: The time needed to prepare to resume operation. The Society of Automotive Engineers has published Recommended Practice SAE J3105 to standardize physical automated connection interfaces for conductive charging systems since 2020. For communication between charger and electric bus the same ISO 15118 protocol is used as for passenger car charging. The only differences are in the charging power, voltage and physical interface. Pantographs and underbody collectors can be integrated in bus stops to quicken electric bus recharge, making it possible to use
2000-681: The total operating cost per mile was $ 0.84; for a 4-vehicle electric bus fleet, $ 1.11; with Long Beach Transit , for 2018, for a 10-vehicle electric bus fleet, $ 0.85; and with Foothill Transit , for 2018, for a 12-vehicle electric bus fleet, $ 0.84. Go Bus Transport Go Bus Transport Ltd (Go Bus Regional) is a bus company operating in New Zealand owned by Australian-based transport operator Kinetic Group . The company runs regional bus services in Hamilton, Hawke's Bay , Tauranga , Gisborne , Dunedin and Invercargill . In March 2020, it
2050-575: The year, followed by the delivery of eleven E10s to Ritchies Transport for city services in Dunedin in early 2024. Yutong E10s and E12s, as well as other Yutong products, have been sold in the United Kingdom through the Pelican Bus dealership in Castleford since 2018, where a new showroom and workshop for the final assembly and technical support of Yutong buses and coaches opened in January 2023. The company
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2100-442: Was Shenzhen , China. The city began rolling out electric buses made by BYD in 2011, with the objective of having a fully electric fleet. By 2017, Shenzhen's entire fleet of over 16,300 buses was replaced with electric buses, the largest fleet of electric buses of any city in the world. According to Bloomberg , "China had about 99 percent of the 385,000 electric buses on the roads worldwide in 2017, accounting for 17 percent of
2150-424: Was announced the company and its 1700 buses would be sold to Kinetic Group, subject to Overseas Investment Office approval. Approval was given in June and the acquisition was completed in August 2020. When Kinetic Group purchased NZ Bus in 2022, Go Bus and NZ Bus' urban businesses were combined into Kinetic Urban NZ. The Go Bus brand continues to operate its regional routes as Go Bus Regional. In 2004, Go Bus
2200-494: Was delayed to February 2024 due to the lack of a bus depot with charging infrastructure to house the buses; some of these E12s were also scheduled to enter service on the T19 service between Blaenau Ffestiniog and Llandudno , however during the delay, the T19 ceased operations on 11 February 2023. Smaller operators of Yutong E10s on closed-door contract services include Passenger Plus of Tadworth , who took delivery of four E10s for use on
2250-417: Was described as having a virtual monopoly of Hamilton buses. Buses Ltd was bought by Hamilton City Council in about 1980 and renamed Hamilton City Buses Ltd. Hodgson's of Te Awamutu , was another of the companies forming Go Bus. It was incorporated on 23 Feb 1937 and dissolved on 1 Jan 2005. Prior to that, in 1932 Lewis Hodgson had started a Kihikihi to Te Awamutu railway station service, took over
2300-511: Was formed by the merger of C.J. Worth Ltd., trading as Blue Worth Coachlines and Hamilton City Buses (privatised in the 1990s), Simpsons and Hodgsons. Craig Worth was still commercial director in 2019. Buses Ltd was one of the companies forming Go Bus. It was formed in 1927 by the amalgamation of Blue Bus Co Ltd and Branton & Hodgson Public Motors. Rawlinson & Branton Bros. had run Hamilton- Frankton buses as Waikato Motor Co. from about 1914 and to Ngāruawāhia from 1924. By 1928 Buses Ltd
2350-414: Was imminent when operating the bus; the vehicle was not permitted for driving on public roads. The remaining 34 were ordered out of passenger service but were still considered road worthy. The 28 pink-stickered buses windscreens had a pink sticker adhered to the windscreen by police inspectors and legally must be inspected by a vehicle inspector during a certificate of fitness before removal, after receiving
2400-569: Was painted into a heritage livery celebrating 120 years of public transport in the Welsh capital. Eight E12s were delivered for the electrification of the TrawsCymru T1 service serving Aberystwyth and Carmarthen in March 2023, while six E12s were delivered in 2021 for use on the T22 service, serving Caernarfon and Blaenau Ffestiniog via Porthmadog , however their entry into service with Llew Jones Coaches
2450-449: Was purchased in December 2010 by Go Bus. During a surprise New Zealand police investigation where the police without notice ordered buses to be inspected physically and mechanically whilst driving as per normal found 62 buses out of the 114 buses inspected in the Christchurch surprise sting operation had defects requiring repair. Out of the 62 buses found defective, 28 were ordered off the road and pink-stickered meaning significant failure
2500-626: Was trialled by Keolis in the French city of Orléans in 2017, however no orders have since resulted in France. 14 Yutong E12s were also delivered for service in Iceland's capital city of Reykjavík in November 2018, while 35 E12s were delivered to both the Finnish capital of Helsinki and neighbouring Kerava in 2019. In Poland, nine E10s were delivered to the city of Polkowice in 2021, twelve E12s were delivered to
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