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47-499: Yuju may refer to: Henan opera , a Chinese opera form Yuju (singer) , South Korean singer You Province , known in Korean as Yuju, a province in Chinese history which administered parts of North Korea and Manchuria in some periods Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

94-431: A water clock ), yet it incorporated an escapement mechanism two hundred years before they were found in the clockworks of Europe and featured the first known endless power-transmitting chain drive . Kaifeng reached its peak importance in the 11th century as a commercial and industrial center at the intersection of four major canals. During this time, the city was surrounded by three rings of city walls and probably had

141-593: A PLA Victory and the collapse of the Nationalist forces which was part of the Shengcai Battle . Kaifeng has a monsoon -influenced humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cwa ) that borders on a humid continental climate, with four distinct seasons. Winters are cool and mostly dry while summers are hot and humid; spring is warm and sees some, but not much rainfall, while autumn weather is crisp and drier. Precipitation mainly occurs from June to September. Downtown Kaifeng

188-485: A dominant part in forming Henan cuisine . Kaifeng offers a wide range of food specialties such as steamed pie and dumplings. Particularly famous is Kaifeng's five-spice bread ( wǔxiāng shāobǐng ), which, like pita , can be opened and filled. In the evening, Kaifeng's streets turn into restaurants while hundreds open their stands and begin selling their food in the famous night market . People from nearby Zhengzhou often come to Kaifeng to visit family members and to enjoy

235-690: A member of the Chinese Theatre Association, director of the Henan Theatre Association. The achievements of his artistic achievements contributed to the highest peak of the male character in Henan opera and Mr. Tang is a master of Henan opera. Li Sizhong (1921–1996), a famous master of the Henan opera, the representative of the Heilian performer ("male character with darkish painted face") of Henan Opera. As an important local opera genre among

282-591: A population of between 600,000 and 700,000. It is believed that Kaifeng was the largest city in the world from 1013 to 1127. This period ended in 1127 when the city fell to Jurchen invaders during the Jingkang Incident . It subsequently came under the rule of the Jurchen Jin dynasty , which had conquered most of North China during the Jin–Song Wars . While it remained an important administrative center, only

329-604: A travel time of 53 min. Kaifeng railway station is on the east–west Longhai Railway mainline and provides convenient access to many cities around China, including Beijing West , Shanghai , Shanghai Hongqiao , Tianjin , Xi'an, Jinan, Hangzhou . Services to Zhengzhou , Luoyang and Qingdao are also frequent and convenient. Direct long-distance services to Shenzhen , Guangzhou , Chengdu , Chongqing North , Harbin , Ürümqi , Fuzhou , Dalian and Wuhan are also available. The Zhengzhou–Kaifeng intercity railway ( 郑开城际铁路 ) started operation on 28 December 2014, connecting

376-479: Is a shortage of records in ancient books, and few scholars have sought to engage in in-depth and comprehensive exploration and research. Since the 1920s and 1930s there have been multiple theories and viewpoints on the origin of the opera. There is no one theory that is generally agreed upon by researchers as there is not enough evidence to convince all people, so there are multiple similar and completely opposite arguments. Four major representative opinions concerning

423-573: Is about 55 km (34 mi) away from Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport ( IATA : CGO , ICAO : ZHCC ), which is the busiest airport in central China in terms of both passenger and cargo traffic (2017 statistics). With the completion of Zhengzhou–Kaifeng intercity railway and Zhengzhou–Xinzheng Airport intercity railway , fast train connections to Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport from Kaifeng became available. As of August 2018, there are 12 pairs of intercity trains running between Xinzheng Airport and Songchenglu every day, with

470-581: Is also a troupe in Kaohsiung, Taiwan . The history of Henan opera dates back to more than 200 years ago. The opera was widely spread in Henan province during the late Qing dynasty (1644–1911) and faced new development opportunities after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. The opera spread across China and was ahead of the other 300 local operas in China before the mid-1980s. On May 20, 2006, Henan Opera

517-532: Is also known as two red faces, immediately red faces; Small born and then separated the baby born; Wu Sheng is also called Bian Sheng. There are four major types of Yu opera. Xiangfu tune opera is heard around Kaifeng ; Yudong tune in the Shangqiu area. Yuxi tune is heard around Luoyang , and the Shahe tune around Luohe . Yudong and Yuxi are the main forms, with Yudong expressing comedy and Yuxi expressing tragedy. During

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564-486: Is also magnificent and suitable for playing emperors and generals of the big scene, western Henan euphemism, singing the sad is very suitable for playing sad drama. Henan Opera in the key plot is generally arranged with large plate singing, singing smooth, distinct rhythm, very challenging, generally clear words, easy to be heard by the audience, showing the unique charm of the Central Plains art. The role of Henan opera

611-410: Is composed of "Sheng Dan Jing Chou". Generally known as four sheng, four dan, and four painted faces. The organization's troupe is also four sheng, four dan, four painted faces, four soldiers, four generals, four maids, eight scenes, two boxes of officials, plus four handymen. The four are Zhengsheng, Ersheng, Xiao Sheng and Wu Sheng. Zhengsheng is also known as Hongsheng, Dasheng, and Dahongface; Ersheng

658-538: Is home to a campus of Henan University , one of the national key universities in the Double First Class University Plan . The postal romanization for the city is "Kaifeng". Its official one-character abbreviation in Chinese is 汴 ( Biàn ). Historically it has also been known as: The area was named "Kaifeng" after the Qin 's conquest of China in the second century BC. The name literally means "opening

705-593: Is known for having the oldest extant Jewish community in China, the Kaifeng Jews . It also has a significant Muslim enclave and is notable for its many women's mosques ( nǚsì ), including the oldest nǚsì in China: Wangjia Hutong Women's Mosque, which dates to 1820. There are also some active Christian churches, including the Sacred Heart Cathedral ( 开封耶稣圣心主教座堂 ). Kaifeng cuisine plays

752-568: Is one of the Eight Ancient Capitals of China , having been the capital eight times in history, and is most known for having been the Chinese capital during the Northern Song dynasty . As of the 2020 census , 4,824,016 people lived in Kaifeng's Prefecture, of whom 1,735,581 lived in the metropolitan area consisting of Xiangfu, Longting, Shunhe Hui, Gulou and Yuwantai Districts. Located along

799-528: The Chinese Athletic Association , the general sport administration of Henan province, Zhengzhou municipal government, and the Kaifeng municipal government. It is the premier international sports competition in Henan province and one of the biggest sports competitions in the Central-West of China. ZK International Marathon is held at the end of March or beginning of April each year. The main part of

846-556: The Eight Ancient Capitals of China . As with Beijing, there have been many reconstructions during its history. In 364 BC during the Warring States period , the State of Wei founded a city called Daliang ( 大梁 ) as its capital in this area. During this period, the first of many canals in the area was constructed linking a local river to the Yellow River . When the State of Qin conquered

893-566: The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period . The Song dynasty made Bian its capital when it overthrew the Later Zhou (Chenqiao incident) in 960. Shortly afterwards, the city underwent further expansion. During the Song, when it was known as Dongjing or Bianjing, Kaifeng, then the largest and most prosperous city in China, was the capital, with a population of over 400,000 living both inside and outside

940-465: The Yellow River 's southern bank, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the west, Xinxiang to the northwest, Shangqiu to the east, Zhoukou to the southeast, Xuchang to the southwest, and Heze of Shandong to the northeast. Kaifeng is a major city for scientific research, appearing among the world's top 200 cities by scientific output as tracked by the Nature Index . The city

987-474: The Yellow River Plain . Kaifeng Air Base is a military airfield in the southern suburb of Kaifeng City. It does not provide civilian aviation service. Kaifeng is twinned with: Kaifeng is also a major city for scientific research, appearing among the world's top 200 cities as tracked by the Nature Index . The city is home to a campus of Henan University , one of the national key universities in

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1034-425: The prefecture level . During the festival, hundreds of chrysanthemums breeds are on show at festival venues, and the flower becomes a common features around the city. Kaifeng has been dubbed the "city of chrysanthemums". The China Zheng-Kai International Marathon   [ Wikidata ] ( 中国郑开国际马拉松赛 , Zheng-Kai stands for " Zhengzhou -Kaifeng", also abbreviated "ZK") is a sporting event hosted jointly by

1081-573: The Henan Opera singing is sonorous and powerful, magnificent, restrained, full of passionate and unrestrained masculinity, with strong emotional strength. Secondly, Henan Opera is sound, clear, natural, flesh and blood, and good at expressing the inner feelings of the characters. Moreover, the rhythm of Henan opera is distinct and strong, conflicts are sharp, and the story has a beginning and an end, coupled with humorous and cheerful tunes, which makes Henan opera not only suitable for performing easy comedy, it

1128-537: The Kaifeng Chrysanthemum Cultural Festival since 1983 (renamed China Kaifeng Chrysanthemum Cultural Festival in 1994). The festival has since taken place between 18 October and 18 November of every year. The festival reached another milestone on 18 October 2012, when it celebrated its 30th birthday. The opening ceremony was broadcast live during the evening prime slot on Henan Television (HNTV), which broadcasts to all Chinese cities at or above

1175-545: The State of Wei, Kaifeng was destroyed and abandoned except for a mid-sized market town, which remained in place. During the Han dynasty , the city underwent some reconstruction. Kaifeng became the capital of Liu Wu (son of Han emperor Wen ) when he was enfeoffed as Prince of Liang. Liu Wu restored and constructed many buildings and old city walls. Kaifeng became a center of music, art, a refuge for artists, and of splendid gardens despite

1222-511: The area inside the inner city wall of the early Song remained settled and the two outer rings were abandoned. As the imperial capital of the Song, Kaifeng was conveniently situated along the Grand Canal for logistics supply but militarily vulnerable due to its position on the floodplains of the Yellow River . Kaifeng served as the Jurchen "southern capital" from 1157 (other sources say 1161) and

1269-486: The atmosphere. The Ma Yu Ching's Bucket Chicken House ( 马豫兴桶子鸡; ; Mǎ Yùxīng Tǒngzi Jī ), located in Kaifeng, is by some accounts the world's oldest restaurant. The chrysanthemum is the city flower of Kaifeng. The tradition of cultivating varieties of chrysanthemums extends back 1600 years, and the scale of cultivation reached its height during the Song dynasty until its loss to the Jürchens in 1126. The city has held

1316-408: The border" and figuratively "hidden" and "vengeance". Its name was originally Qifeng ( Chinese : 啓封 ), but the syllable qi (Baxter-Sagart: /*kʰˤijʔ/) was changed to the essentially synonymous kai (/*Nə-[k]ʰˤəj/, /*[k]ʰˤəj/) to avoid the naming taboo of Liu Qi ( Emperor Jing of Han ). The prefecture-level city of Kaifeng administers five districts and four counties : Kaifeng is one of

1363-664: The capital of Henan Jiangbei Province , which was established in 1277. In the Mongol siege of Kaifeng, the Mongols and Han Chinese (who defected to the Mongols) slaughtered the male members of the Jin Jurchen Wanyan Imperial family and took the royal women including the Jin concubines and princesses to Mongolia as war booty. Mongols looted the city when it fell, but atypical to most sieges in

1410-628: The city wall. Typhus was an acute problem in the city. The historian Jacques Gernet provides a lively picture of life in this period in his Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion, 1250-1276, which often draws on Dongjing Meng Hua Lu , a nostalgic memoir of the city of Kaifeng. In 1049, the Youguosi Pagoda ( 佑國寺塔 ) – or Iron Pagoda as it is called today – was constructed measuring 54.7 m (179 ft) in height. It has survived

1457-518: The city was abandoned again. In 1662, during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor in the Qing dynasty , Kaifeng was rebuilt. Another reconstruction in 1843 followed flooding in 1841, shaping Kaifeng as it stands today. From the 8th to 9th century and up to the 19th century, Kaifeng is known for having the oldest extant Jewish community in China , the Kaifeng Jews . As of 2016, there are 20 Jews still left in

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1504-510: The city. On 6 June 1938, the city was occupied by the invading Japanese Imperial Army . Kaifeng remained the capital of Henan province until 1954, when it was moved to Zhengzhou . In 1969, the former President of the People's Republic of China , Liu Shaoqi , died from medical neglect while under house arrest in Kaifeng. In 1948, the Battle of Kaifeng occurred between Chinese communist forces and Chinese Nationalist forces but ultimately lead to

1551-592: The event occurs along the famous Zhengkai Express Way ( 郑开大道 ). At its launch in 2007, 5600 athletes competed. By 2012, almost 25000 athletes from 28 countries and regions have participated in the ZK International Marathon. Kaifeng is the headquarters of the 20th Group Army of the People's Liberation Army , one of three group armies that compose the Jinan Military Region responsible for the defense of

1598-433: The four actresses mentioned, there are also some well-known actors such as Zhao Yiting, Tang Xicheng, and Li Sizhong. Zhao Yiting (1995–1992), a member of the Chinese Theatre Association and director of the Henan Theatre Association. His artistic career spans more than 60 years and has made outstanding contributions to the theatrical career. He is an important figure in the history of Henan opera. Tang Xicheng (1924–1993),

1645-399: The hard situation, Henan opera can establish a mutual benefit with tourism resource to appeal more audience. At the same time, the exploration and research of Henan opera materials can be enriched, the investment in the development of Henan opera can be increased, and the productization of Henan Opera tourism meets the need of the times. There are some specific strategies such as strengthening

1692-534: The late Qing dynasty (1644–1911), Henan bangzi greatly expanded in Henan. Owing to different living habits, language characteristics, natural environment, cultural psychology, and aesthetic tastes, Henan bangzi changed from the repertoire to operatic tune in different regions of Henan. Therefore, four main tune types of Henan opera formed. The four types are centered on different regions in Henan province. The most famous Henan opera actors and actresses are Chang Xiangyu, Chen Suzhen, Cui Lantian, and Ma Jinfeng. Besides

1739-433: The numerous non-material cultural heritage related Chinese operas, however, Henan opera are facing a hard situation on the protection and development. As many other local operas, the future of Henan Opera is worrying due to the influence of commodity economy and the impact of modern lifestyles. The number of plays and urban audience has reduced, and the rural audience is dominated by the elderly. As for suggestions to improve

1786-423: The origin of the opera are that they originate from Shanxi opera, from the folk society of Henan, from the operatic tune that is popular in the Central Plains area of China, and from the predecessor of Henan bangzi. The art of Henan Opera is both ancient and modern, reconciliation hardness and softness, open-minded and generous, and has the beauty of "neutralization". Henan Opera is famous for singing. First of all,

1833-689: The provincial capital Zhengzhou and Kaifeng. The railway currently terminates at Songchenglu , and is planned to be extended to Kaifeng railway station . The designed top speed is 200 km/h (120 mph). Kaifeng North railway station of the Xuzhou–Lanzhou high-speed railway is the main high-speed railway station of the city. It started operation on 10 September 2016. There are 4 main coach stations in Kaifeng: There are frequent services to many neighboring counties, other provincial cities and long-distance services to other provinces. Kaifeng

1880-502: The time period, they permitted trade. The richest residents of the city sold their luxury belongings to Mongol soldiers for critically needed food supplies. Male members of the Jurchen Jin Wanyan royal family residing in the city were captured and executed. All Jin imperial concubines, including the empress dowager, were captured and taken north. In 1260, Marco Polo arrived at Kaifeng, and wrote about it in his diaries. The city

1927-643: The title Yuju . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yuju&oldid=961629330 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Henan opera Outside Henan, provinces and areas such as Hubei , Anhui , Jiangsu , Shandong , Hebei , Beijing , Shanxi , Shaanxi , Gansu , Qinghai , and Xinjiang all have professional Yu opera troupes. There

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1974-453: The tourism propaganda of Henan opera, building the characteristic brand of Henan opera culture, developing the Henan opera tourism experience project, holding the Henan opera festival, Cultivating the new force of Henan opera tourism, and exploring various development model of Henan opera tourism. Kaifeng Kaifeng ( Chinese : 开封 ; pinyin : Kāifēng ) is a prefecture-level city in east- central Henan province, China. It

2021-569: The trivial political importance of the city at this period. Early in the 7th century, Kaifeng was transformed into a major commercial hub when it was connected to the Grand Canal as well as through the construction of a canal running to western Shandong . In 781 during the Tang dynasty , a new city was reconstructed and named Bian ( 汴 ). Bian was the capital of the Later Liang , Later Jin (936–946), Later Han (947–950), and Later Zhou (951–960) of

2068-438: The vicissitudes of war and floods to become the oldest landmark in this ancient city. Another Song-dynasty pagoda, Po Tower  [ zh ] , dating from 974, has been partially destroyed. Another well-known sight was the astronomical clock tower of the engineer, scientist, and statesman Su Song (1020–1101 AD). It was crowned with a rotating armillary sphere that was hydraulically powered (i.e. by water wheel and

2115-633: Was briefly captured around the mid-14th century by the Red Turban rebels who made it their capital for ten years. They were crushed by the newly established Ming forces. At the beginning of the Ming dynasty in 1368, Kaifeng was made the capital of Henan province. In 1642, Kaifeng was flooded by the Ming army with water from the Yellow River to prevent the peasant rebel Li Zicheng from taking over. After this disaster,

2162-435: Was included in the first national intangible cultural heritage list batch. Yu opera came into being during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. At the beginning, it was mainly song arias without make-up, which was loved by the ordinary people. As a result, it developed rapidly. The origin of Yu opera is hard to trace, and the accounts about its origin differ. With regard to the origin and formation of Henan opera, there

2209-571: Was reconstructed during this time. The Jurchen kept their main capital further north until 1214 when they were forced to move the imperial court southwards to Kaifeng in order to flee from the onslaught of the Mongols . In 1232 they succumbed to the combined Mongol and Song forces in the Mongol siege of Kaifeng . The Mongols captured the city and in 1279 conquered all of China . During the Yuan dynasty Bianliang became

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