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34-503: Detailed specifications for every ship have not been released by the PLASSF. Yuan Wang 1 and Yuan Wang 2 are thought to have a displacement tonnage of around 21,000  tons when fully loaded, with a crew of about 470 and a length of about 190 metres (620 ft). Their propulsion is from one Sulzer Ltd. diesel engine, with a top speed of 20 knots (37 km/h). The class was first proposed by Premier Zhou Enlai in 1965, and

68-516: A formula based on the vessel's length and beam. Historically in England , tunnage was the medieval import duty on tuns of wine. A tun was a large size of casks used for wine ), used in the wine trade. The number of tuns that a ship could carry was used as a measure of the size of the ship. The wine trade to England originated in France, which is where the tuns were made. A French standard tun cask size

102-767: A number of modifications from the former net register tonnage of the Moorsom System and was established by the International Commission of Constantinople in its Protocol of 18 December 1873. It is still in use, as amended by the Rules of Navigation of the Suez Canal Authority and is registered in the Suez Canal Tonnage Certificate. Thames measurement tonnage (TM) is another volumetric system, generally used for small vessels such as yachts ; it uses

136-745: A range of 18,000 nautical miles and a cruising speed of 18 kt. Yuan Wang 4 was converted from Type 643 research vessel Xiangyanghong 10 (向阳红10), which was originally designed in February 1971, with construction begun in July 1975, and entered service in October 1979. Conversion was completed in August 1998, and the ship is capable of carrying a Changhe Z-8 . Conversion work included more than four hundred projects in four major categories. Powered by 9000 hp diesel engines, Yuan Wang 4 has an endurance of 100 days and could reach

170-466: A result, Yuan Wang 4 was subsequently converted to a target ship for DF-21 ballistic anti-ship missile to simulate an aircraft carrier target as it entered Jiangyin Shipyard on 15 April 2010 for repair, and eventually destroyed in the latter half of 2010. Yuan Wang 5 is the third generation tracking ship of Yuan Wang series, and entered service on 29 September 2007. Loaded with electronic tracking gear,

204-399: A ship can carry. It is the sum of the weights of cargo , fuel, fresh water , ballast water , provisions, passengers, and crew . DWT is often used to specify a ship's maximum permissible deadweight (i.e. when it is fully loaded so that its Plimsoll line is at water level), although it may also denote the actual DWT of a ship not loaded to capacity. Deadweight tonnage is a measure of

238-530: A smaller size of standard barrel. This was the barrique bordelaise , measuring a quarter of the size of the tun (in English, this barrel was termed a hogshead ). For instance, Basque ships engaged in 16th century whaling in Labrador used this size of barrel (with the name barrica ). The French tonneau de mer was legally defined, in 1681, as the cubic space into which four barrique bordelaise fitted, with

272-471: A speed of up to 20 kn, with a range of 18,000 nautical miles cruising at 18 kn. While in Jiangyin port at 5:10 AM on 5 August 2007, Yuan Wang 4 was hit by a coal carrier Harbor Sea 666 (Gang Hai 666, 港海 666), which caused a massive fire started at the point of collision at 4th fuel tank. The fire was put out after four hours without any casualties, but the equipment on board was severely damaged beyond repair. As

306-516: A vessel's weight carrying capacity, not including the empty weight of the ship. It is distinct from the displacement (weight of water displaced), which includes the ship's own weight, or the volumetric measures of gross tonnage or net tonnage (and the legacy measures gross register tonnage and net register tonnage ). Deadweight tonnage was historically expressed in long tons , but is now usually given internationally in tonnes (metric tons). In modern international shipping conventions such as

340-407: A volume that, if filled with fresh water, would weigh around 2.83 tonnes . The definition and calculation of the internal volume is complex; for instance, a ship's hold may be assessed for bulk grain (accounting for all the air space in the hold) or for bales (omitting the spaces into which bulk, but not baled cargo, would spill). Gross register tonnage was replaced by gross tonnage in 1982 under

374-498: Is Jiangyin on the Yangtze . The general designer of both Yuan Wang 5 and 6 was Mr. Huang Wei (黄蔚), the general engineer of the 708th Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC). Yuan Wang 6, like its sister ship Yuan Wang 5, is also a third generation tracking ship of Yuan Wang series. Designed by the 708th Research Institute, construction begun in April 2006, and the ship

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408-399: Is a function of the moulded volume of all cargo spaces of the ship. The Panama Canal/Universal Measurement System (PC/UMS) is based on net tonnage modified for Panama Canal purposes. PC/UMS is based on a mathematical formula to calculate a vessel's total volume; one PC/UMS net ton is equivalent to 100 cubic feet (2.83 m ) of capacity. The Suez Canal Net Tonnage (SCNT) is derived with

442-443: Is important, since a ship's registration fee, harbour dues, safety and manning rules, and the like may be based on its gross tonnage (GT) or net tonnage (NT). Gross tonnage (GT) is a function of the volume of all of a ship's enclosed spaces (from keel to funnel ) measured to the outside of the hull framing. The numerical value for a ship's GT is always smaller than the numerical values of gross register tonnage (GRT). Gross tonnage

476-596: Is just over 40 cubic feet (1.1 m ). British practice by the 19th century was for a ton of cargo volume to be 50 cubic feet (1.4 m ). This is derived from an estimate of the hull space needed to fit the roughly cylindrical tun and is broadly consistent with the much earlier French definition given below. The Bordeaux tun was used as a measurement elsewhere in Europe. By the 16th century, multi-decked ships which were loaded through hatchways (as opposed to earlier undecked or single decked ships) found it more convenient to use

510-413: Is therefore a kind of capacity-derived index that is used to rank a ship for purposes of determining manning, safety, and other statutory requirements and is expressed simply as GT, which is a unitless entity, even though it derives from the volumetric capacity in cubic metres. Net tonnage (NT) is based on a calculation of the volume of all cargo spaces of the ship. It indicates a vessel's earning space and

544-575: The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships , deadweight is explicitly defined as the difference in tonnes between the displacement of a ship in water of a specific gravity of 1.025 (corresponding to average density of sea water of 1,025 kg/m or 1,728 lb/cu yd) at the draft corresponding to

578-462: The Middle Ages , ships were often impressed by the crown for military use. To do this in an efficient and speedy manner, a measurement of size was needed. The payment to the owner of the requisitioned ship was based on the tonnage. Port dues and various licences were based on tonnage, and it was a useful measure for a ship builder who needed to build a vessel that met the new owner's requirements. In

612-474: The Tudor period a bounty per ton was paid for the construction of larger ships, so the threshold for that payment had to be determined, as well as the amount paid for those qualifying. In the middle ages, the normal way of discovering the tonnage of a ship was to load her with wine and see how many tuns could be fitted in. There is an instance of the owner of a new ship, in 1459, being challenged that his safe-conduct

646-566: The Tonnage Measurement convention of 1969, with all ships measured in GRT either scrapped or re-measured in GT by 1994. Net register tonnage (NRT) is the volume of cargo the vessel can carry—that is, the gross register tonnage less the volume of spaces that do not hold cargo (e.g., engine compartment, helm station, and crew spaces, again with differences depending on which port or country does

680-453: The Yuan Wang 5 has been called a "spy ship". Built by Jiangnan Shipyard, Yuan Wang 5 has a displacement of 25,000 tones, and is designed to withstand winds up to Beaufort scale 12, and perform duties in sea state 6. It has a carrying capacity of 11,000 tons DWT and its draught is reported to be 8.2 meters. Its length overall (LOA) is 222 meters and its width is 25.2 meters. Its home port

714-399: The calculations). It represents the volume of the ship available for transporting freight or passengers . It was replaced by net tonnage in 1994, under the Tonnage Measurement convention of 1969. Deadweight tonnage Deadweight tonnage (also known as deadweight ; abbreviated to DWT , D.W.T. , d.w.t. , or dwt ) or tons deadweight (DWT) is a measure of how much weight

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748-469: The casks aligned two directly above the two below (so not optimising the layout). This redefined ton worked out as 42 cubic pieds de roi (1.44 cubic metres (51 cu ft). The difference between this measure and, for instance, the Spanish toneladas was calculated by recognised adjustment factors. Tonnage measurement was important for an increasing number of reasons through history. In England in

782-545: The newly commissioned ship were on duty for the Shenzhou 7 mission. During the Shenzhou spacecraft flights, the four ships were positioned as follows: Type 718 tracking ship is the very first design of Yuanwang series, and it consists of two ships, Yuan Wang 1 and Yuan Wang 2, both of which have since retired in the early 2010s. Type 718 can attain speeds of 20 kn. Yuan Wang 3 is the second generation tracking ship of Yuan Wang series, and it can attain speeds up to 20 kt, with

816-496: The two ships was during May 1980. After being used for tracking of the launches of indigenously developed communications satellites, Yuan Wang 1 and Yuan Wang 2 underwent overhauls in 1986, so they could be used for supporting international satellite launches by the PRC. Two further ships of the class have been built. The first was Yuan Wang 3 , which was commissioned on 20 October 1995. The Yuan Wang 4 tracking ship

850-507: The vessel will be used for maritime tracking of the Shenzhou 11 crewed space mission, and the Tiangong 2 space laboratory, using three large dish antennae some 10–12 meters in diameter. It was commissioned on 19 July 2016. The Yuan Wang 21 is a cargo ship designed by the 708th Research Institute specially to transport rockets such as the Long March 5 ; construction began on 1 April 2012, and it

884-413: The vessel), the long ton (or imperial ton) of 2,240 lb is derived from the fact that a " tun " of wine typically weighed that much. Tonnage measurements are governed by an IMO Convention (International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969 (London-Rules)), which initially applied to all ships built after July 1982, and to older ships from July 1994. A commonly defined measurement system

918-411: Was apparently paid without any measurement system to confirm the actual size. The presumption is that it was taken from the amount of cargo unloaded after the first voyage (which would be recorded in the customs records of the relevant port). Gross register tonnage (GRT) represents the total internal volume of a vessel, where one register ton is equal to a volume of 100 cubic feet (2.83  m );

952-565: Was approved by Mao Zedong in 1968. The first two ships of the class, Yuan Wang 1 and Yuan Wang 2 , were built at the Jiangnan Shipyard in Shanghai and put to sea on 31 August 1977 and 1 September 1978 respectively. The general designer of this class is Xu Xueyan  [ zh ] . For the first time, this gave the PRC the ability to track launches and satellites that were not over their territory. The first survey mission of

986-518: Was constructed by China State Shipbuilding Corporation and delivered to the China Satellite Launch and Tracking Control General on 18 July 1999. It had been converted from the previously used Xiang Yang Hong  10 scientific survey ship. Another two Yuan Wang-class vessels were launched in Shanghai in early 2007. Pictures of Yuan Wang 6 were published, and both Yuan Wang 5 and

1020-431: Was established about 1450. The 15th century Bordeaux wine tun was between 240 and 252 imperial gallons (1,090 and 1,150 L; 288 and 303 US gal). When measuring the tonnage of a ship, the approximately cylindrical cask would have air space around it when stowed in a ship. Therefore the volume of hold space required for several tuns was greater than the total of the capacity of those tuns. 252 imperial gallons

1054-403: Was for a 400 ton vessel, whilst he had already loaded more than 600 tons. The excuse was accepted that he had no idea of her tonnage until she was loaded. In another case, in 1456, a dispute over the actual tonnage of a ship had to be resolved by having coopers part load her with (presumably empty) barrels to estimate what she could carry. The Tudor bounty paid for the construction of larger ship

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1088-472: Was launched on 24 January 2013. A list of similar ships: Tonnage Tonnage is a measure of the capacity of a ship , and is commonly used to assess fees on commercial shipping . The term derives from the taxation paid on tuns or casks of wine. In modern maritime usage, "tonnage" specifically refers to a calculation of the volume or cargo volume of a ship. Although tonnage (volume) should not be confused with displacement (the actual mass of

1122-519: Was launched on 29 November 2012. Yuan Wang 21 entered service on 6 May 2013. Specification: Yuan Wang 22 is also a cargo ship designed specially to transport rockets such as Long March 5 , and it is also built by Jiangnan Shipyard, the same builder of earlier Yuan Wang 21. Yuan Wang 22 might be a sister ship of Yuan Wang 21, but this cannot be confirmed yet, because detailed information / specification of Yuan Wang 22 has not been released by official Chinese governmental sources yet (as of 2014). Yuan Wang 22

1156-468: Was launched on March 16, 2007. The ship entered service on April 12, 2008, and become fully operational in July 2008. Yuan Wang 6 utilizes fiber optic for its information system on board, and the electricity generated by the ship is enough to supply a city of 300,000. Specification: Yuan Wang 7 was constructed by Jiangnan Shipbuilding, and is said to be able to operate for 100 days at sea. The China Satellite Maritime Tracking and Control Department has said

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