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58-712: The Ysleta Mission , located in the Ysleta del Sur Pueblo within the municipality of El Paso, Texas , is recognized as the oldest continuously operated parish in the State of Texas . The Ysleta community is also recognized as the oldest in Texas and claims to have the oldest continuously cultivated plot of land in the United States. In 1680, as a result of the Pueblo Revolt , the Tigua (Tiwa) tribe

116-766: A century, the church has hosted the Ysleta Mission Festival on the second weekend of July . This three-day event is one of El Paso's largest and proceeds from the event help fund the maintenance and preservation of the Ysleta Mission. In the 1960s a newer church building was constructed to accommodate the growing number of parishioners. The old church is now primarily reserved for special occasions such as weddings, quinceañeras , and baptisms . [REDACTED] Media related to Ysleta Mission at Wikimedia Commons Ysleta del Sur Pueblo The people and language are called Tigua (pronounced tiwa ). They have maintained

174-537: A few years the state government of Texas successfully challenged its legality and it was subsequently closed down. It was later reopened but no longer offered casino style gaming. The Tigua Tribal Government offices are located a short distance from the church as is the Tigua Cultural Center. The church is currently owned by the Catholic Diocese of El Paso and staffed by Conventual Franciscans . For nearly

232-727: A tribal identity and lands in Texas. Spanish mostly replaced the indigenous language in the early 1900s, and today, English is increasingly gaining ground in the community. Today there are efforts to revive the indigenous language. They are one of three federally recognized tribes in Texas . As of 2022, E. Michael Silvas is the governor of Ysleta del Sur Pueblo. The 2021 Tribal Council consists of Sheriff Bernardo Gonzales, Councilman Rudy Cruz Jr., Councilman Rafael Gomez Jr., Governor E. Michael Silvas, Cacique Jose Sierra Sr., Lt. Governor Adam Torres, War Captain Javier Loera, Councilman Raul Candelaria, and Councilman Andrew Torrez. In 2020,

290-612: A trip to study the New Mexico Pueblos. While noting their assimilation or "Mexicanization," Fewkes published a short ethnographic article detailing the Tiguas' surviving Pueblo customs and traditions. He found that twenty-five could still speak the Tiwa language while many more could understand it. He noted that the Tiguas still performed several indigenous dances, including the scalp dance and a rattle dance. Ceremonies were accompanied by chants in

348-464: A vocal supporter of the liberal agenda of Democratic Presidents John F. Kennedy and his successor Lyndon Johnson, agreed to aid the group. Diamond helped the Tiguas reconnect with their relatives at Isleta Pueblo in New Mexico. Its governor, Andy Abieta, visited the Tiguas and was surprised at the level of Isleta traditions the band still maintained. He became a staunch advocate for the band. Under Diamond,

406-696: Is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in the El Paso Valley in Texas in the United States. It is a suffragan see of the metropolitan Archdiocese of San Antonio. The mother church of the Diocese of El Paso is St. Patrick's Cathedral in El Paso. As of 2023, the current bishop is Mark J. Seitz . The Diocese of El Paso covers 26,686 square miles (69,120 km ), it encompasses

464-514: Is considered to be a part of El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (The Royal Road to the Interior). The Tigua people continue to be closely associated with the church and remain loyal to their patron saint, Saint Anthony of Padua . The Tigua feast day of San Antonio is observed on June 13, with a morning mass followed by traditional dancing. Directly adjacent to the church, the Tiguas built a large gaming center called Speaking Rock Casino; however, after

522-457: Is the current bishop of the Diocese of El Paso. In January 2019, the Diocese of El Paso released the names of 30 diocesan clergy who were "credibly accused" of committing sexual abuse acts against minors. Reverend Miguel Luna was convicted in July 2019 of sexually assaulting a 12-year-old girl from 1991 to 1998 at an El Paso church. Two other women testified of being raped by Luna at his trial. He

580-591: The State of Chihuahua in Mexico. In 1941, Pope Pius XII appointed Auxiliary Bishop Sidney Metzger of Santa Fe as coadjutor bishop of El Paso to assist Schuler. When Schuler retired in 1942, Metzger automatically succeeded him as bishop of El Paso. During the first few years of his term, with the help of the Catholic Church Extension Society , Metzger travelled the United States making his appeal from

638-573: The Diocese of Brownsville . His replacement in El Paso was Auxiliary Bishop Armando Xavier Ochoa of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles, appointed by the pope in 1996. Ochoa encouraged vocations to the priesthood and religious life, and the strengthening of diocesan ministries. In 1999, the diocese began a cooperative program with the Archdiocese of Atlanta for preparing seminarians from Georgia for ministry to

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696-622: The Jesuit missionary Carlos Pinto, superior of the Jesuits in the region, became pastor of St. Mary's in El Paso. Over the years, he established the Sacred Heart, Immaculate Conception, St. Ignatius, Guardian Angel, and Holy Family parishes. Pinto sent Jesuits through the rural areas in West Texas and southern New Mexico by car and horseback. St. Mary's School was opened for Catholic children in 1903. By

754-548: The Texas counties of El Paso , Brewster , Culberson , Hudspeth , Jeff Davis , Loving , Presidio , Reeves , Ward and Winkler . As of 2023, the Catholic population of the diocese was approximately 686,000. The diocese had 56 parishes and 17 missions. The El Paso region was part of several Catholic jurisdictions before becoming the Diocese of El Paso. The Diocese of Durango was under Spanish, then Mexican control. After 1850,

812-535: The United States Congress restored eligibility to receive services from the federal government to this group, the southernmost tribe of the Pueblo peoples. 31°41′09″N 106°19′32″W  /  31.68583°N 106.32556°W  / 31.68583; -106.32556 Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso The Diocese of El Paso ( Latin : Dioecesis Elpasensis , Spanish : Diócesis de El Paso )

870-514: The 1890s, many tuberculosis patients were coming to El Paso due to its healthful climate. To accommodate their needs along with the growing city population, the Sisters of Charity opened the Hotel Dieu Hospital there in 1894. The Temple San Ignacio de Loyola was established in El Paso in 1905, and underwent extensive remodeling seven years later. On March 3, 1914, Pope Pius X established

928-628: The 1970s there was great public interest in Indigenous Americans, and for a time, this program was successful. It became apparent to Tiguas and their non-indigenous supporters, however, that limited state aid and economic development programs were not sufficient for tribal survival. Without federal tribal status, the Tiguas did not have access to federal programs of the Bureau of Indian Affairs; they could not exercise true self-government without federal tribal recognition. Public Law 100-89, 101 STAT. 666

986-699: The Big Bear Oil Co., Inc., and the Tigua Indian Cultural Center, and Speaking Rock Entertainment Center. The Speaking Rock Entertainment Center in El Paso features live concerts, a restaurant, a café, and bars. Originally called the Speaking Rock Casino, the center has had Class II casino gaming since 2022. The Ysleta del Sur Pueblo is a U.S. federally recognized Native American tribe and sovereign nation. The tribal community known as Tigua established Ysleta del Sur in 1682. After leaving

1044-635: The City and County governments of El Paso formed the Office of Heritage Tourism and received technical support for the project from the National Trust for Historic Preservation in the form of a grant. The newly created Office of Heritage Tourism established a board with representatives from various local governments, the Catholic Diocese, and private organizations who had been working separately on projects to restore

1102-594: The Committee on a Five-Year Plan for Vocations and a Committee on the Life and Ministry of Priests. He initiated the annual diocesan congresses. The diocese erected a memorial commemorating Maldonado's ordination in St. Patrick Cathedral in 2005. In 2011 Pope Benedict XVI appointed Ochoa as bishop of the Diocese of Fresno . In May 2013, Pope Francis appointed Auxiliary Bishop Mark J. Seitz of Dallas to succeed Ochoa. As of 2023, Seitz

1160-579: The Diocese of El Paso, with territory taken from the Dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. The new diocese contained counties in both southern New Mexico and West Texas. The pope named Jesuit John J. Brown as first bishop of El Paso in January 1915, but poor health forced him to resign in June. In 1915, the pope named Reverend Anthony Schuler as Brown's replacement. At the beginning of Schuler's tenure in 1915,

1218-570: The El Paso Valley. Many in this group elected to stay in the area instead of returning to the Spanish provinces in Mexico. Several Catholic missionaries also stayed in El Paso. The missionaries in 1680 established the Mission Corpus Christi de la Isleta del Sur in what is today the Mission Valley district of El Paso. The mission is considered the oldest continuously functioning parish in

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1276-533: The New Mexico Pueblos. During the 1930s the Tiguas did not seek aid from the federal government during President Franklin Roosevelt's important Indian New Deal like many unrecognized Indian tribes. They were still recognized, however, as indigenous people by local and state officials. The tribe was invited to take part in the 1936 Texas Centennial Celebration in Dallas. Donning Plains Indian regalia, Tigua officials rode in

1334-566: The Tigua's patron saint, Saint Anthony ( San Antonio ). Over the next two centuries the mission was relocated several times due to flooding of the Rio Grande . In 1829 one such flood washed away the structure. The flood also resulted in the river cutting a new course further south and the area where the church had been located was no longer considered a part of Mexico but of the Republic of Texas . In 1897

1392-415: The Tiguas pursued a significant lands claims case through the post-war Indian Claims Commission, an effort that generated considerable documentation on the tribal survival of the Tiguas, as well as the consequences that stemmed from the federal government's failure to fulfill its trust responsibilities to the band. In 1966, Diamond helped introduce the Tiguas to Vine Deloria, Jr., a noted Lakota scholar who

1450-615: The Tiguas' primary religious celebration on St. Anthony's Day honoring St. Anthony the patron saint of their mission church and community. Lacking a well-bounded and defined federal Indian reservation, the Tiguas intermarried extensively with Mexican Americans and assimilated many cultural and material traits of their Hispanic neighbors. Over time, many lost the Tiwa language and many Isleta Pueblo customs and traditions. Important for their later federal tribal recognition, in 1901 noted anthropologist Jesse Walter Fewkes (later famous for his excavations of Mesa Verde) visited Ysleta del Sur as part of

1508-465: The Tiguas. As part of the Tiguas' outreach for assistance, the University of Arizona Anthropology Department sent a graduate student to study the group in 1966. He took a census, finding that 166 individuals served as the core of the Tigua community while others were more peripherally involved. The War Captain, Trinidad Granillo, still maintained the tribe's ceremonial center (kiva) in his home. He also kept

1566-404: The Tiwa language. Tiguas still called their community by a Tigua name, "Chiawipia." The group continued to hold elections for tribal officers. At the time, Fewkes wrote that José Piarote served as Cacique, Mariano Manero served as Governor, and Tomal Granillo was War Captain. Significantly, Manero still carried a baton or staff of office that Fewkes concluded was just like those carried by leaders at

1624-576: The United States. The same missionaries established the Mission Nuestra Señora de la Limpia Concepción de Los Piros de Socorro del Sur near El Paso that same year. Its purpose was to serve both Spaniards and Native Americans from New Mexico. In the 1770s, missionaries built a presidio chapel at a Spanish military outpost in San Elizario . After the Mexican War of Independence ended in 1821,

1682-598: The Ysleta Mission in the following years: 1936 – First mission and pueblo in Texas, 1962 – Site of first mission in Texas, and 1970 – Oldest mission in Texas. On July 31, 1972, the Ysleta Mission was added to the National Register of Historic Places . In 1990 members of the community began efforts to restore and preserve the Ysleta and Socorro missions as well as the Presidio Chapel of San Elizario, Texas . That same year

1740-475: The Ysleta Mission was founded. The spelling of Ysleta with a "Y" and the term del Sur (south) was to differentiate the new settlement from the mother pueblo, Isleta . In 1682, the Tigua people built a permanent structure out of adobe and, in October of that year, the building was formally dedicated by Bishop Salpointe of Tucson and named La Misión de Corpus Christi de San Antonio de la Ysleta del Sur in honor of

1798-517: The alleged crimes. He was being treated for sexually abusing minors in Massachusetts. The plaintiff also accused Holley of assault and battery and possession of child pornography . In August 2020, a woman sued the diocese, claiming that she had been sexually abused by Damian Gamboa, a diocesan priest at the St. Francis de Paula Church in Tularosa, New Mexico , in the early 1980s. The New Mexico parish

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1856-406: The diocese had 31 priests, 22 parishes, 58 missions, nine parochial schools, and three academies to serve 64,440 Catholics. Schuler oversaw the construction of St. Patrick's Cathedral in El Paso. To raise funds, the diocese announced that the first group to raise $ 10,000 would get to name the new cathedral. The winner was a group of Irish Catholic women, who chose St. Patrick. At the time, El Paso

1914-430: The diocese. Metzger was also a strong advocate for social justice issues such as the rights of workers to collective bargaining . In 1972, over 3,000 employees of Farah Manufacturing Company in El Paso went on strike in a work stoppage that lasted 20 months. Metzger gained national attention for his advocacy on behalf of the workers. At the time, Metzger said, "I feel that the company is acting unjustly in denying to

1972-576: The effort to secure status and aid for the band, Diamond gained the support of the Texas delegation to Congress and the Senate for Tigua tribal recognition. Due to termination sentiment in Congress, federal officials were not willing to grant full federal tribal acknowledgment at the time. The Ysleta band as a result only was recognized as the Tigua Indians of El Paso in 1967 as a Texas Indian tribe; House Bill 888

2030-522: The growing Hispanic population. In 2000, Peter of Jesus Maldonado, the diocese priest murdered in 1937, was canonized by John Paul II. In 2001, the diocese entered into a pact of solidarity with the Dioceses of Choluteca and Tegucigalpa in Honduras, along with the Diocese of Brownsville, in response to the devastation caused in 1998 by Hurricane Mitch in Central America . In 2004, Ochoa established

2088-419: The homelands of Quarai Pueblo due to drought the Tigua sought refuge at Isleta Pueblo and were later captured by the Spanish during the 1680 Pueblo Revolt and forced to walk south for over 400 miles. The Tigua settled and built the Ysleta del Sur Pueblo and soon after built the acequia (canal) system that sustained a thriving agricultural-based community. The tribe's early economic and farming efforts helped pave

2146-416: The mid-1950s, specified that tribal members would be ineligible for any services, claims or demands from the United States as Indians. Under Texas jurisdiction, the state created a reservation for the Tiguas. Tiguas and state officials created economic development programs. The most important was a tourism venture on the reservation. Here Tiguas were hired to demonstrate indigenous crafts and lifeways. During

2204-529: The missions. Two Mexican architects with expertise in restoring adobe buildings were retained with the help of a grant from the National Park Service and they developed a comprehensive restoration plan which was the basis upon which Bishop Armando Ochoa began a much publicized fund raising effort to pay for the restorations. The two missions and chapel comprise The El Paso Mission Trail , which stretches approximately 9 miles along Socorro Rd. (FM 258) and

2262-483: The new Republic of Mexico took over Texas from Spain. Eastern Texas in 1836 became the Republic of Texas , but West Texas, included the El Paso Valley, remained disputed territory. However, the peace treaty ending the Mexican–American War gave the United States control of West Texas. San José de Concordia el Alto church was erected in 1859 on the site of the present Concordia Cemetery outside of El Paso. It

2320-406: The opening ceremony parade. Tigua leaders made Franklin Roosevelt "Honorary Cacique" and Eleanor Roosevelt "Honorary Squaw" at the time. By the 1950s the Tigua community was in dire circumstances. Having lost their valuable tribal lands, most members lived in poverty near the old mission church while others moved to other parts of El Paso for better economic opportunities. That decade the community

2378-546: The pulpit for funds to erect new apostolates needed by the diocese. Metzger built the current St. Charles Borromeo Seminary, two Catholic youth organisation camps in the New Mexico mountains, and Holy Cross Retreat near Las Cruces . In October 1961, the Vatican erected the Diocese of San Angelo from the eastern part of the Diocese of El Paso. Metzger oversaw the implementation of the Second Vatican Council's decrees in

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2436-476: The structure was remodeled and the now familiar gables and bee-hive bell tower were added. A fire in 1907, caused by chemicals stored in the bell tower to repel bats, resulted in massive damage to the building. The church was rebuilt in 1908 and remains much the same today. The church prospered and in 1918 Our Lady of Mount Carmel School was established and remained open until 2005 when the church closed it. The Texas Historical Commission erected historical markers at

2494-633: The succeeding vicariates and dioceses were under American control. From 1891 to 1914, the El Paso area was taken from the Vicariate Apostolic of Arizona and divided between the newly formed Dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. In 1680, several of the Pueblo clans in present day New Mexico revolted against the Spanish occupiers. After taking heavy losses in Santa Fe , the Spanish were able to flee with many of their Native American enslaved people to

2552-476: The tribal government employed 293 individuals, of which 58 percent were tribal citizens. In April 2008, the Tribal Census Department reported 1,615 enrolled citizens. By 2020, there were 4,696 enrolled citizens of Ysleta del Sur Pueblo. For almost 40 years, the Pueblo has owned and operated tribal businesses that provide employment for its members and the El Paso community. These businesses include

2610-413: The tribes' sacred drum or tombe which was revered for its spiritual power. The scholar also reported that the Tiguas still maintained their St. Anthony's Day ceremonials, tribal dances, and indigenous chants. The 1960s were important years for the Tigua community. With the aid of a Latino friend, the Tiguas reached out to a young attorney, Tom Diamond, to aid them in their economic struggles. Diamond,

2668-529: The way for the development of the region. Throughout the 19th century and into the first half of the 20th century, the Tiguas maintained the syncretic Spanish-Indigenous political and religious offices introduced by the Spanish in the 16th century. Like other Pueblos, the Tiguas had offices that included Cacique (chief), who served for life as well as in spiritual matters, Lieutenant-cacique, Governor, Lieutenant-governor, War Captain, and subordinate captains. Local newspapers regularly reported on tribal elections and

2726-442: The workers the basic right to collective bargaining ." William Farah, president of Farah Manufacturing, labeled Metzger a member of the "rotten old bourgeoisie " and a man who is "lolling in wealth". After Metzger retired in 1978, Pope Paul VI named Auxiliary Bishop Patrick Flores of San Antonio to succeed him. After serving just over one year in El Paso, Flores was named archbishop of San Antonio. The next bishop of El Paso

2784-458: Was Auxiliary Bishop Raymundo Peña of San Antonio, named by Pope John Paul II in 1980. Peña worked on social justice issues along with the cause of undocumented immigrants . In 1982, John Paul II erected the Diocese of Las Cruces , taking the New Mexico counties from the Diocese of El Paso. Peña established Tepeyac Institute in 1988 to prepare laity members for many ministries within the diocese. In 1994, John Paul II named Peña as bishop of

2842-543: Was a major center of the mining industry in the region, with many of the miners being Irish Catholics. During the Mexican Revolution , Schuler provided refuge in El Paso for many clergy, members of religious orders and seminarians fleeing persecution in Mexico. One such refugee was the Mexican seminarian Peter of Jesus Maldonado , who Schuler ordained a priest in 1918. Maldonado returned to Mexico to serve in ministry; he

2900-621: Was enacted August 16, 1987 and restored the federal relationship with the tribe simultaneously with those of the Alabama-Coushatta Tribe . The restoration act renamed the tribe to the Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo, repealed the Tiwa Indians Act , and specifically prohibited all gaming activities prohibited by the laws of the state of Texas. The Tigua have maintained a federal relationship continuously since 1987. The legislation of

2958-512: Was forced to flee from their ancestral home, Isleta Pueblo , located south of present-day Albuquerque, New Mexico . Some of the pueblo people fled to Hopi territory in Arizona while others followed Spanish colonists as they retreated southward. The Spanish and their Pueblo allies eventually settled in El Paso del Norte (present day El Paso, TX) where they established the Ysleta del Sur Pueblo and where

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3016-517: Was later transferred to the Diocese of Las Cruces, which was also named as a defendant in the lawsuit. The diocese settled a lawsuit in January 2023 with a man who had alleged being sexually abused in Deming, New Mexico , by Reverd Pedro Martinez from Mt. Carmel parish in El Paso, starting in 1970. ( John J. Brown , S.J. was appointed in 1915; did not take effect.) Sidney Matthew Metzger (1941-1942) Anthony Cerdan Celino (2023–present) As of 2023,

3074-640: Was murdered in Santa Isabel, Mexico , in 1937. In 1924, Schuler opened St. Charles Borromeo Seminary and Cathedral High School in El Paso. In the 1930s, the diocese purchased 400 acres of desert property in Sunland Park, New Mexico , for the construction of a 40 statue of Jesus Christ. The American sculptor Urbici Soler y Manonelles completed the Christ the King statue in 1939. It overlooks Texas and New Mexico as well as

3132-647: Was passed during the 60th Legislature, Regular Session, transferring all trust responsibilities for the Tigua Indians to the Texas Indian Commission. On April 12, 1968, under Public Law 90–287 82 Stat. 93 the United States Congress relinquished all responsibility for the Tiwa Indians of Ysleta, Texas to the State of Texas. The Tiwa Indians Act, borrowing word-for-word from the Lumbee Indian Act of

3190-403: Was sentenced to 18 years in state prison. In May 2020, the diocese and two parishes in Alamogordo, New Mexico , were named in a sexual abuse lawsuit. The plaintiff accused the defendants of protecting David Holley after he sexually abused the plaintiff in the 1970s. Holley was a priest from the Diocese of Worcester living at the Servants of the Paraclete facility in Alamogordo at the time of

3248-484: Was the nearest Catholic church for El Paso residents at the time. Often Catholics from El Paso boarded a hand-pulled ferry to attend mass at Our Lady of Guadalupe in Juárez . The Sisters of Loretto opened St. Joseph's Academy, later to be called Loretto Academy, in 1879 in San Elizario . The first Catholic church in the City of El Paso, St. Mary's, was opened in 1882. In the 1880s, the new railroad lines in El Paso creating an influx of Catholic immigrants. In 1892,

3306-415: Was then serving as Executive Director of the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI). The NCAI lobbied to have the Tiguas recognized as a federally recognized Indian tribe. Deloria also featured the Tiguas prominently in his seminal book, Custer Died for Your Sins: An Indian Manifesto , highlighting the band as an important symbol of the survival of indigenous values in modern American society. As part of

3364-418: Was threatened when the City of El Paso annexed Ysleta, imposing new taxes. Tigua leaders reached out for aid. In 1961, the Mayor of El Paso wrote to the Bureau of Indian Affairs asking for assistance for the group. As this was during the Termination Era when the U.S. government was "getting out of the Indian business" and terminating tribal governments and reservations, the government denied any responsibility for

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