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71-484: The fjord was given the name "Young’s Bay" by William Scoresby in 1822. He named it in honour of British scientist Thomas Young (1773– 1829), secretary of the Board of Longitude . During the 1869–70 Second German North Polar Expedition this body of water was surveyed by Carl Koldewey , who used the name "Tyrolerfjord" for the whole water body. Later, during the 1929–1930 Expedition to East Greenland , Lauge Koch reinstated

142-481: A Freemason sometime before 1769. In 1766, Banks was elected to the Royal Society, and in the same year, at 23, he went with Phipps aboard the frigate HMS  Niger to Newfoundland and Labrador with a view to studying their natural history. He made his name by publishing the first Linnean descriptions of the plants and animals of Newfoundland and Labrador. Banks also documented 34 species of birds, including

213-573: A gentleman-commoner at the University of Oxford . At Oxford, he matriculated at Christ Church , where his studies were largely focussed on natural history rather than the classical curriculum. Determined to receive botanical instruction, he paid the Cambridge botanist Israel Lyons to deliver a series of lectures at Oxford in 1764. Banks left Oxford for Chelsea in December 1763. He continued to attend

284-481: A garden in which rare plants can be viewed and purchased. At the 2011 Chelsea Flower Show , an exhibition garden celebrated the historic link between Banks and the botanical discoveries of flora and fauna on his journey through South America, Tahiti, New Zealand, and eventually Australia on Captain Cook's ship Endeavour . The competition garden was the entry of Melbourne's Royal Botanic Gardens with an Australian theme. It

355-611: A place for the reception of convicts , and advised the British government on all Australian matters. He is credited with introducing the eucalyptus , acacia , and the genus named after him, Banksia , to the Western world . Around 80 species of plants bear his name. He was the leading founder of the African Association and a member of the Society of Dilettanti , which helped to establish

426-724: A villa at Torquay , where he was appointed honorary lecturer at the Parish church of St Mary Magdalene, Upton. He died in Torquay on 21 March 1857. He is buried in the churchyard at Upton and commemorated by a memorial which is decorated with mariner's compass and dividers, and a Bible. He is also memorialised on the family grave in Whitby . His sister Arabella Scoresby was mother to the physician Robert Edmund Scoresby-Jackson FRSE . A number of places have been named after him, including: Herman Melville 's main character Ishmael quotes Scoresby in

497-528: Is a major character in Martin Davies' 2005 novel The Conjuror's Bird . Banks's life and influence were explored in a documentary five-part television series The Lost World of Joseph Banks in 2016. Banks's account of the Endeavour's approach to Botany Bay might have been the basis for the invisible ships myth. Herbarium specimens collected by Banks and Solander are cared for in herbaria, including at

568-506: Is about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) wide at the entrance and stretches to the west for about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), curving inward in a roughly northwestern direction for 15 kilometres (9.3 mi), bending again roughly westwards for a further 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) until the mouth of the Tyrolerfjord , that branches northwards and forms the inner section of the water body. Zackenberg Station and Daneborg Station are located on

639-454: Is named in H. P. Lovecraft 's science fiction-horror novella , At the Mountains of Madness , as having observed and drawn "some of the wilder forms" of arctic mirages. Joseph Banks Sir Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet , GCB , FRS (24 February [ O.S. 13 February] 1743 – 19 June 1820 ) was an English naturalist , botanist, and patron of

710-714: Is now hanging in the Council Chamber of the Guildhall Museum . The Sir Joseph Banks Centre is located in Horncastle, Lincolnshire , housed in a Grade II listed building , which was recently restored by the Heritage Trust of Lincolnshire to celebrate Banks's life. Horncastle is located a few miles from Banks's Revesby estate and the naturalist was the town's lord of the manor. The centre is located on Bridge Street. It boasts research facilities, historic links to Australia, and

781-517: The Cetology chapter of Moby-Dick : "'No branch of Zoology is so much involved as that which is entitled Cetology,' says Captain Scoresby, A.D. 1820." Philip Pullman 's His Dark Materials trilogy features a character named Lee Scoresby , an intrepid explorer, old Arctic hand, and balloon aeronaut. Pullman has stated that the character was named after William Scoresby and Lee Van Cleef . Scoresby

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852-642: The Esk on his fifteenth whaling voyage from Whitby, Scoresby encountered grave problems when ice damaged his ship. With the aid of his brother-in-law's crew on board the John , and after agreeing to surrendering much of their catch, the Esk was repaired, of which Scoresby recounted in his 1820 book The Northern Whale-Fishery . In 1819, Scoresby was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh . His proposers were Robert Jameson , John Playfair and Sir G S Mackenzie. About

923-735: The Isle of Wight , the Hebrides, Iceland , and the Orkney Islands , aboard Sir Lawrence . In Iceland, they ascended Mt. Hekla and visited the Great Geyser , and were the first scientific visitors to Staffa in the Inner Hebrides. They returned to London in November, with many botanical specimens, via Edinburgh, where Banks and Solander were interviewed by James Boswell . In 1773, he toured south Wales in

994-625: The Linnean Society . Banks appears in the historical novel Mutiny on the Bounty , by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall . He appears briefly as a contact with British naval intelligence in the historical novel Post Captain , from the Aubrey–Maturin series by Patrick O'Brian . He is also featured in Elizabeth Gilbert 's 2013 best-selling novel, The Signature of All Things , and

1065-1000: The Napoleonic Wars , and in introducing the British people to the wonders of the wider world. He was honoured with many place names in the South Pacific: Banks Peninsula on the South Island , New Zealand; the Banks Islands in modern-day Vanuatu ; the Banks Strait between Tasmania and the Furneaux Islands ; Banks Island in the Northwest Territories , Canada; and the Sir Joseph Banks Group in South Australia. The Canberra suburb of Banks ,

1136-523: The National Herbarium of Victoria (MEL), Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria Following Banks's death in 1820 a "treasure-trove of letters and papers" was passed to Sir Edward Knatchbull, his wife's nephew. In 1828 the latter passed bound volumes of foreign correspondence to the British Library but retained the rest of the papers in the expectation that an official biography would be written. After

1207-581: The Royal Academy . Banks was born in Argyll Street , Soho , London , the son of William Banks , a wealthy Lincolnshire country squire and member of the House of Commons , and his wife Sarah, daughter of William Bate. He was baptised at St James's Church, Piccadilly , on 20 February 1743, Old Style . He had a younger sister, Sarah Sophia Banks , born in 1744. Banks was educated at Harrow School from

1278-535: The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew , and by sending botanists around the world to collect plants , he made Kew the world's leading botanical garden. He is credited for bringing 30,000 plant specimens home with him; amongst them, he was the first European to document 1,400. Banks advocated British settlement in New South Wales and the colonisation of Australia, as well as the establishment of Botany Bay as

1349-777: The State Library of New South Wales 's Brabourne Collection. The "large quantities of papers" which remained were then auctioned off at Sotheby's in London in March and April 1886. One of the successful bidders was E. A. Petherick . Many of those are now in the Petherick Collection at the National Library of Australia . During the twentieth century the National Library continued to purchase Banks's letters and papers when they came on

1420-571: The Swedish naturalist Daniel Solander , the Finnish naturalist Herman Spöring (who also served as Banks's personal secretary and as a draughtsman), artists Sydney Parkinson and Alexander Buchan , and four servants from his estate: James Roberts, Peter Briscoe, Thomas Richmond, and George Dorlton. In 1771, he was travelling with James Cook and docked in Simon's Town in what is now South Africa. There, he met

1491-626: The Worshipful Society of Apothecaries and the British Museum , where he met the Swedish naturalist Daniel Solander . He began to make friends among the scientific men of his day and to correspond with Carl Linnaeus , whom he came to know through Solander. As Banks's influence increased, he became an adviser to King George III and urged the monarch to support voyages of discovery to new lands, hoping to indulge his own interest in botany. He became

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1562-658: The great auk , which became extinct in 1844. On 7 May, he noted a large number of "penguins" swimming around the ship on the Grand Banks , and a specimen he collected in Chateau Bay, Labrador , was later identified as the great auk. Banks was appointed to a joint Royal Navy /Royal Society scientific expedition to the South Pacific Ocean on HMS Endeavour , 1768–1771. This was the first of James Cook's voyages of discovery in that region. Banks funded eight others to join him:

1633-515: The natural sciences . Banks made his name on the 1766 natural-history expedition to Newfoundland and Labrador . He took part in Captain James Cook 's first great voyage (1768–1771), visiting Brazil, Tahiti, and after 6 months in New Zealand, Australia, returning to immediate fame. He held the position of president of the Royal Society for over 41 years. He advised King George III on

1704-480: The transit of Venus was observed, the overt purpose of the mission), then to New Zealand. From there, it proceeded to the east coast of Australia, where Cook mapped the coastline and made landfall at Botany Bay. The ship then landed at Round Hill (23-25 May 1770), which is now known as Seventeen Seventy and at Endeavour River (near modern Cooktown ) in Queensland , where they spent almost seven weeks ashore while

1775-481: The 19th century and he suffered from gout every winter. After 1805, he practically lost the use of his legs and had to be wheeled to his meetings in a chair, but his mind remained as vigorous as ever. He had been a member of the Society of Antiquaries nearly all his life, and he developed an interest in archaeology in his later years. In 1807, William Kerr named the Lady Banks climbing rose after Banks's wife. Banks

1846-658: The Eastern Coast of Greenland (1823), appeared at Edinburgh. In 1824, the Royal Society elected him a fellow, and in 1827, he became an honorary corresponding member of the Paris Academy of Sciences . From the first, Scoresby worked as an active member and official of the British Association for the Advancement of Science , and he contributed especially to the knowledge of terrestrial magnetism . Of his sixty papers in

1917-435: The Royal Society list, many relate to this department of research. However, his observations extended into many other departments, including researches on optics and, with James Joule , comparing electromagnetic (chemical), thermal (coal/steam), and organic (horse) power sources. To obtain additional data for his theories on magnetism, he made a voyage to Australia in 1856 on board the ill-fated iron-hulled Royal Charter ,

1988-516: The Russians with books and charts for their expedition. He died on 19 June 1820 in Spring Grove House, Isleworth, London, and was buried at St Leonard's Church, Heston . Lady Banks survived him, but they had no children. Banks was a major supporter of the internationalist nature of science, being actively involved both in keeping open the lines of communication with continental scientists during

2059-527: The South Seas. The surrounding district became known as Spring Grove . The house was substantially extended and rebuilt by later owners and is now part of West Thames College . Banks was made a baronet in 1781, three years after being elected president of the Royal Society. During much of this time, he was an informal adviser to King George III on the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, a position that

2130-575: The Wollaston Foreland shore of the sound, the latter close to its mouth. Basalt Island , also known as "Klippe", is a small island in the middle of Young Sound, about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) NW of its entrance. Sandøen , a small sandy islet with a walrus colony, is located in the mouth area. This Greenland location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . William Scoresby William Scoresby FRS FRSE (5 October 1789 – 21 March 1857)

2201-461: The age of nine and then at Eton College from 1756; the boys with whom he attended the school included his future shipmate Constantine Phipps . As a boy, Banks enjoyed exploring the Lincolnshire countryside and developed a keen interest in nature, history, and botany. When he was 17, he was inoculated with smallpox , but he became ill and did not return to school. In late 1760, he was enrolled as

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2272-573: The colony, Arthur Phillip , John Hunter , and Philip Gidley King , were in continual correspondence with him. Banks produced a significant body of papers, including one of the earliest Aboriginal Australian words lists compiled by a European. Bligh was also appointed governor of New South Wales on Banks's recommendation. Banks followed the explorations of Matthew Flinders , George Bass , and Lieutenant James Grant , and among his paid helpers were George Caley , Robert Brown, and Allan Cunningham. However, Banks backed William Bligh to be installed as

2343-532: The company of artist Paul Sandby . When he settled in London, he began work on his Florilegium . He kept in touch with most of the scientists of his time, was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1773, and added a fresh interest when he was elected to the Dilettante Society in 1774. He was afterwards secretary of this society from 1778 to 1797. On 30 November 1778, he

2414-407: The cow pastures, which was later granted by Lord Camden. The next governor, Lachlan Macquarie , was asked to arrest Macarthur and Johnston, only to realise that they had left Sydney for London to defend themselves. He was humiliated that Macarthur and Johnston were acquitted from all charges in London and both later returned to Sydney. Banks met the young Alexander von Humboldt in 1790, when Banks

2485-480: The death of Knatchbull and his wife, the letters and papers were passed on to their son Edward Knatchbull Hugesson, 1st Baron Brabourne, who offered to sell them to the British Museum . However, in 1884 it declined to purchase them. Following that "notorious" decision the Agent General of New South Wales, Sir Saul Samuel , issued instructions for the purchase of a large portion of the papers, which now form part of

2556-522: The east coast, between 69° 30' and 72° 30', thus contributing to the first real and important geographic knowledge of East Greenland. This, however, proved to be the last of his Arctic voyages. On his return, he learnt of his wife's death, and this event, with other influences acting upon his naturally pious spirit, decided him to enter the church. Scoresby's Journal of a Voyage to the Northern Whale Fishery, including Researches and Discoveries on

2627-670: The electoral Division of Banks , and the Sydney suburbs of Bankstown , Banksia , and Banksmeadow are all named after him, as is the northern headland of Botany Bay , Cape Banks. A number of schools and colleges are also named after him, including the Sir Joseph Banks High School in the Sydney suburb of Revesby , and the Joseph Banks Secondary College opened in Perth , Western Australia in 2015. An image of Banks

2698-517: The first time the fact that the polar ocean has a warmer temperature at considerable depths than it has on the surface, and each subsequent voyage in search of whales found him no less eager of fresh additions to scientific knowledge. His letters of this period to Sir Joseph Banks , whose acquaintance he had made a few years earlier, no doubt gave the first impulse to the search for the North-West Passage which followed. On 29 June 1816, commanding

2769-566: The government on all Australian matters for twenty years. He arranged that a large number of useful trees and plants should be sent out in the supply ship HMS  Guardian , which was unfortunately wrecked, as well as other ships; many of these were supplied by Hugh Ronalds from his nursery in Brentford . Every vessel that came from New South Wales brought to Banks plants or animals or geological and other specimens and, on at least one occasion, human remains. Governor Philip Gidley King sent Banks

2840-633: The great German scientist. Both men believed in the internationalism of science. Banks was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1787 and a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1788. Among other activities, Banks found time to serve as a trustee of the British Museum for 42 years. He was high sheriff of Lincolnshire in 1794. He worked with Sir George Staunton in producing

2911-698: The hands of the Simeon Trust , since Charles Simeon 's death in 1836. His predecessor Henry Heap (died 1839), had let the administration slide. There were 13 Bradford curates, counting incumbent perpetual curates , who included Patrick Brontë and William Morgan (1782–1858) . There were new churches, such as St James's built by John Wood , and one at Wibsey under construction by the Hardy family, ironmasters. Scoresby addressed matters in hand, but succeeded only in generating contentious issues. On finance, he took on Wood in 1840, over surplice fees in his new church, and

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2982-417: The house with Banks and his wife. He had as librarian and curator of his collections Solander, Jonas Carlsson Dryander , and Robert Brown in succession. Also in 1779, Banks took a lease on an estate called Spring Grove, the former residence of Elisha Biscoe (1705–1776), which he eventually bought outright from Biscoe's son, also Elisha , in 1808. The picture shows the house in 1815. Its 34 acres ran along

3053-633: The improvement of the condition of factory operatives. In 1850, Scoresby published a work urging the prosecution of the search for the Franklin expedition and giving the results of his own experience in Arctic navigation. Scoresby began divinity studies at Queens' College, Cambridge , enrolling under the ten-year divinity statute and thus becoming a ten-year man , and also became the curate of Bessingby , Yorkshire. In 1834 he received his bachelor's degree in divinity (BD) from Cambridge University, and in 1839,

3124-403: The name "Young Sund" for the outer section of the water body. Just north of Daneborg there was a Danish hunting station named Sandodden which is now abandoned. Young Sound opens in the northern side of the mouth area of Gael Hamke Bay , north of Cape Breusing . It extends north and northeast of Clavering Island and southwest of Wollaston Foreland ; to the north lies A. P. Olsen Land . It

3195-679: The new governor of New South Wales and to crack down on the New South Wales Corps (or Rum Corps), which made a fortune on the trading of rum. This brought him in direct confrontation with post-Rum Rebellion de facto leaders such as John Macarthur and George Johnston . This backing led to the Rum Rebellion in Sydney, whereby the governor was overthrown by the two men. This became an embarrassment for Sir Joseph Banks, also, because years earlier, he campaigned that John Macarthur not be granted 4,000 hectares (10,000 acres) of land near Sydney in

3266-423: The north and northwest coasts of Australia to collect specimens. Banks's own time in Australia, however, led to his interest in the British colonisation of that continent. He was to be the greatest proponent of settlement in New South Wales. A genus of the Proteaceae was named in his honour as Banksia . In 1779, Banks, giving evidence before a committee of the House of Commons, had stated that in his opinion

3337-441: The northeastern Pacific ( Pacific Northwest ), and William Bligh 's voyages (one entailing the infamous mutiny on the Bounty ) to transplant breadfruit from the South Pacific to the Caribbean islands. Banks was also a major financial supporter of William Smith in his decade-long efforts to create a geological map of England, the first geological map of an entire country. He also chose Allan Cunningham for voyages to Brazil and

3408-407: The northern side of the London Road, Isleworth , and contained a natural spring, which was an important attraction to him. Banks spent much time and effort on this secondary home. He steadily created a renowned botanical masterpiece on the estate, achieved primarily with many of the great variety of foreign plants he had collected on his extensive travels around the world, particularly to Australia and

3479-422: The official account of the British mission to the Chinese Imperial court . This diplomatic and trade mission was headed by George, Earl Macartney . Although the Macartney Embassy returned to London without obtaining any concession from China, the mission could have been termed a success because it brought back detailed observations. This multivolume work was taken chiefly from the papers of Lord Macartney and from

3550-483: The papers of Sir Erasmus Gower , who was commander of the expedition. Banks was responsible for selecting and arranging engraving of the illustrations in this official record. Banks was invested as a Knight of the Order of the Bath (KB) on 1 July 1795, which became Knight Grand Cross (GCB) when the order was restructured in 1815. Banks was a large landowner and activist encloser, drainer and ‘improver’ in Fens at Revesby . Banks's health began to fail early in

3621-412: The place most eligible for the reception of convicts "was Botany Bay, on the coast of New Holland ", on the general grounds that, "it was not to be doubted that a Tract of Land such as New Holland, which was larger than the whole of Europe, would furnish Matter of advantageous Return". Although Banks remained uninvolved in these colonies in a hands on manner, he was, nonetheless, the general adviser to

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3692-433: The polar regions. Earlier results included his original observations on snow and crystals; and in 1809 Robert Jameson brought certain Arctic papers of his before the Wernerian Society of Edinburgh , which at once elected him to its membership. In 1811, Scoresby's father resigned to him the command of the Resolution . In the same year he married the daughter of a Whitby shipbroker. In his voyage of 1813, he established for

3763-417: The results of which appeared in a posthumous publication: Journal of a Voyage to Australia for Magnetical Research , edited by Archibald Smith (1859). He made two visits to America, in 1844 and 1848; on his return home from the latter visit he made observations on the height of Atlantic waves, the results of which were given to the British Association. He interested himself much in social questions, especially

3834-427: The same time he communicated a paper to the Royal Society of London: "On the Anomaly in the Variation of the Magnetic Needle". In 1820, he published An Account of the Arctic Regions and Northern Whale Fishery , in which he gathers up the results of his own observations, as well as those of previous navigators. In 1820 and 1821 he commanded Fame on whale hunting voyages to the Greenland whale fishery. In 1821 he

3905-406: The severed head of an Aboriginal man named Pemulwuy that Banks had seemingly listed as among his "desiderata." He was continually called on for help in developing the agriculture and trade of the colony, and his influence was used in connection with the sending out of early free settlers, one of whom, a young gardener George Suttor , later wrote a memoir of Banks. The three earliest governors of

3976-441: The ship was repaired after becoming holed on the Great Barrier Reef . While they were in Australia, Banks, Daniel Solander, and Finnish botanist Dr Herman Spöring Jr. made the first major collection of Australian flora, describing many species new to science. Almost 800 specimens were illustrated by the artist Sydney Parkinson and appear in Banks' Florilegium , finally published in 35 volumes between 1980 and 1990. Notable also

4047-405: The trader Christoffel Brand and a friendship started. He was the godfather of Brand's grandson Christoffel Brand . The voyage went to Brazil , where Banks made the first scientific description of a now common garden plant, Bougainvillea (named after Cook's French counterpart, Louis Antoine de Bougainville ), and to other parts of South America. The voyage then progressed to Tahiti (where

4118-418: The university until 1764, but left that year without taking a degree. His father had died in 1761, so when Banks reached the age of 21, he inherited the large estate of Revesby Abbey , in Lincolnshire, becoming the local squire and magistrate , and dividing his time between Lincolnshire and London. From his mother's house in Chelsea, he kept up his interest in science by attending the Chelsea Physic Garden of

4189-419: The whaler Resolution when on 25 May 1806, he succeeded in reaching 81°30' N. lat. (19° E. long), for twenty-one years the highest northern latitude attained in the eastern hemisphere. During the following winter, Scoresby attended the natural philosophy and chemistry classes at Edinburgh University , and again in 1809. In his voyage of 1807, Scoresby began the study of the meteorology and natural history of

4260-497: The world, including Australia. The conservatory was moved to Woodside Wildlife Park in 2016 and has been named 'Endeavour'. A plaque was installed in Lincoln Cathedral in his honour. In Boston, Lincolnshire , Banks was recorder for the town. His portrait, painted in 1814 by Thomas Phillips , was commissioned by the Corporation of Boston, as a tribute to one whose 'judicious and active exertions improved and enriched this borough and neighbourhood'. It cost them 100 guineas. The portrait

4331-496: Was accompanied on the Baffin (1820) of Liverpool to Greenland by George Manby , who wished to test a new type of harpoon for whaling , based on the same principles as his Manby mortar . Manby published his account in 1822 as Journal of a Voyage to Greenland , containing observations on the flora and fauna of the Arctic regions as well as the practice of whale hunting . In his voyage of 1822 to Greenland, Scoresby surveyed and charted with remarkable accuracy 400 miles of

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4402-562: Was already the president of the Royal Society. Before Humboldt and his scientific travel companion and collaborator Aimé Bonpland left for what became a five-year journal of exploration and discovery, Humboldt requested a British passport for Bonpland, should the two encounter British warships. On their travels, Humboldt arranged for specimens be sent to Banks, should they be seized by the British. Banks and Humboldt remained in touch until Banks's death, aiding Humboldt by mobilising his wide network of scientific contacts to forward information to

4473-558: Was an English whaler , Arctic explorer , scientist and clergyman. Scoresby was born in the village of Cropton near Pickering 26 miles (42 km) south-west of Whitby in Yorkshire. His father, William Scoresby (1760–1829), made a fortune in the Arctic whale fishery and was also the inventor of the barrel crow's nest . The son made his first voyage with his father at the age of eleven, but then returned to school, where he remained until 1803. After this he became his father's constant companion, and accompanied him as chief officer of

4544-509: Was awarded an honorary doctorate, Doctor of Divinity (DD). Clerical duties at Bessingby, and later at Liverpool , Exeter and Bradford , co-existed with his interest in science. He published numerous works and papers of a religious character. From 1839 to 1846 Scoresby was vicar of Bradford, Yorkshire , a "large, industrial, dissenting parish", also described as an "ever-expanding, raucous, restless industrial conurbation", 15 miles (24 km) across. The appointment to Bradford had been in

4615-425: Was based on the metaphorical journey of water through the continent, related to the award-winning Australian Garden at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Cranbourne . The design won a gold medal. In 1911, London County Council marked Banks's house at 32 Soho Square with a blue plaque . This was replaced in 1938 with a rectangular stone plaque commemorating Banks and botanists David Don and Robert Brown and meetings of

4686-470: Was elected president of the Royal Society , a position he was to hold with great distinction for over 41 years. In March 1779, Banks married Dorothea Hugessen , daughter of W. W. Hugessen, and settled in a large house at 32 Soho Square . It continued to be his London residence for the remainder of his life. There, he welcomed the scientists, students, and authors of his period, and many distinguished foreign visitors. His sister Sarah Sophia Banks lived in

4757-451: Was featured on the paper $ 5 Australian banknote from its introduction in 1967 before it was replaced by the later polymer currency. In 1986, Banks was honoured by his portrait being depicted on a postage stamp issued by Australia Post . In Lincoln , England, the Sir Joseph Banks Conservatory was constructed in 1989 at The Lawn, Lincoln ; its tropical hot house had numerous plants related to Banks's voyages, with samples from across

4828-416: Was formalised in 1797. Banks dispatched explorers and botanists to many parts of the world, and through these efforts, Kew Gardens became arguably the pre-eminent botanical gardens in the world, with many species being introduced to Europe through them and through Chelsea Physic Garden and their head gardener John Fairbairn. He directly fostered several famous voyages, including that of George Vancouver to

4899-588: Was made an honorary founding member of the Wernerian Natural History Society of Edinburgh in 1808. In 1809, he became associated member of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands . In 1809, his friend Alexander Henry dedicated his travel book to him. In May 1820, he forwarded his resignation as president of the Royal Society, but withdrew it at the request of the council. In 1819, Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen , on his First Russian Antarctic Expedition , briefly stopped in England and met Joseph Banks. Banks had sailed with James Cook 50 years earlier and supplied

4970-535: Was opposed by Wood's "factory movement" allies and others. St James's was closed for a period, and Wood moved away to the south. Scoresby believed in smaller catchment districts for churches; he clashed with Morgan over this issue. He tried unsuccessfully to divide the parish in 1843. Suffering a breakdown in health, Scoresby resigned as vicar in 1846, after a tour in the US to look at industrial conditions. He took no further permanent clerical posts. Scoresby married three times. After his third marriage (1849), he built

5041-651: Was that during the period when the Endeavour was being repaired, Banks observed a kangaroo , first recorded as "kanguru" on 12 July 1770 in an entry in his diary. Banks arrived back in England on 12 July 1771 and immediately became famous. He intended to go with Cook on his second voyage , which began on 13 May 1772, but difficulties arose about Banks's scientific requirements on board Cook's new ship, HMS Resolution . The Admiralty regarded Banks's demands as unacceptable and without prior warning, withdrew his permission to sail. Banks immediately arranged an alternative expedition, and in July 1772, Daniel Solander and he visited

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