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81-685: The Yost Theater is a concert and events venue in Santa Ana, California . It is a National Register of Historic Places -listed building located in Santa Ana's Downtown Historic District . Under the ownership of the Olivos Family it became a movie house for the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema . In recent years it housed various church organizations and underwent renovation in 2007. It is currently an event venue that hosts such functions as concerts, Ted Talks , school dances, and weddings. The Yost first opened as

162-412: A hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen : BSh), with hot, dry summers and mild winters with moderate rainfall. Rainfall averages about 12.54 in (318.5 mm) per year, most of which falls from November through April. There are an average of 35 days with measurable precipitation annually. The record high temperature for Santa Ana was 112 °F (44 °C) on June 14, 1917. The record low temperature

243-505: A Spanish soldier and one "neophyte," a recently baptized Native and Spanish translator, a "crowd of painted and well-armed [Acjachemen] Indians, some of whom put arrows to their bowstrings as though they intended to kill the Spanish intruders" surrounded Serra's group. The "neophyte" informed the Acjachemen that attacking would only result in further violence from the Spanish military. As a result,

324-420: A cycle of displacement. Residents formed a social movement to address lead concentrations in lower-income areas of the city. A 2020 study found that areas of Santa Ana with a median income below $ 50,000 had five times higher lead concentrations than higher-income areas of the city, which is particularly a concern for children. Residents continue to advocate for environmental justice in the city. Santa Ana

405-419: A dietary preference for birds and small mammals like rabbits. They crafted animal bones into weapons, tools, and jewelry. Acjachemen villages were primarily concentrated along the lower San Juan Creek. In 1775, Spanish colonists erected a cross on an Acjachemen religious site before retreating to San Diego due to a revolt at Mission San Diego . They returned one year later to begin constructing and converting

486-447: A dynamic commercial and entertainment center for working-class Latinos. The Santa Ana Artist's Village was created around Cal State Fullerton 's Grand Central Art Center to attract artists and young professionals to live-work lofts and new businesses. The process continued into 2009 with the reopening of the historic Yost Theater . In the 2010s, gentrification became a larger concern of Santa Ana residents, with its roots starting in

567-469: A female householder with no husband present, and 18.1% were non-families. 12.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.55 and the average family size was 4.72. In the city, the population was spread out, with 34.2% under the age of 18, 12.8% from 18 to 24, 34.1% from 25 to 44, 13.5% from 45 to 64, and 5.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

648-464: A lecture on Frida Kahlo by Mexican art connoisseur Gregorio Luke. On August 23, 2010, the City of Santa Ana Planning Commission voted unanimously to approve Conditional Use Permits No. 2010-04, No. 2010-05, and No. 2010-06 that allowed the venue to be operated after-hours, with a Type 47 ABC license, and as a banquet facility. Santa Ana, California Santa Ana ( Spanish for ' Saint Anne ' )

729-654: A major intermediate station. In 1890, whites made up 71 percent of the city's population, most of whom migrated to Santa Ana from confederate states following the American Civil War in search of real estate ventures and other economic opportunities. By 1905, the Los Angeles Interurban Railway, a predecessor to the Pacific Electric Railway , extended from Los Angeles to Santa Ana, running along Fourth Street downtown. Firestone Boulevard ,

810-643: Is a city in and the county seat of Orange County, California , United States. Located in the Greater Los Angeles region of Southern California , the city's population was 310,227 at the 2020 census. As of 2023, Santa Ana is the third most populous city in Orange County (after Anaheim and Irvine), the 14th-most populous city in California , and the 65th most populous city in the United States . Santa Ana

891-634: Is a major regional economic and cultural hub for the Orange Coast . In 1810, the Spanish governor of California granted Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana to José Antonio Yorba . Following the Mexican War of Independence , the Yorba family rancho was enlarged, becoming one of the largest and most valuable in the region and home to a diverse Californio community. Following the American Conquest of California ,

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972-493: Is derived from the village of Acjacheme , which was less than 60 yards from the site where Mission San Juan Capistrano was built in 1776. Alternate spellings include Acachme or Acagchemem. Acjachemen creation and origins stories represent their history in Southern California as beginning in the beginning of time. Archaeologists argue there has been an Acjachemen presence in the region for at least 10,000 years. In

1053-488: Is located at 33°44′27″N 117°52′53″W  /  33.74083°N 117.88139°W  / 33.74083; -117.88139 (33.740717, -117.881408). According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 27.5 square miles (71 km ). 27.3 square miles (71 km ) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km ) of it (0.90%) is water. With 12,471.5 people per sq. mile, it

1134-433: Is now northern and central Orange County. It had a population of 756 in 1860 and 880 in 1870. The Anaheim district was enumerated separately from Santa Ana in 1870. Claimed in 1869 by Kentuckian William H. Spurgeon on land obtained from the descendants of Jose Antonio Yorba , Santa Ana was incorporated as a city in 1886 with a population of 2000 and in 1889 became the seat of the newly formed Orange County . In 1877,

1215-513: The Luiseño language still spoken by the neighboring Payómkawichum ( Luiseño ) people. Spanish colonists called the Acjachemen Juaneños , following their conversion to Christianity at Mission San Juan Capistrano in the late 18th century. Today, many contemporary members of organizations for Acjachemen descendants prefer the term Acjachemen as their autonym, or name for themselves. The name

1296-819: The Southern Pacific Railroad built a branch line from Los Angeles to Santa Ana, which offered free right of way, land for a depot, and $ 10,000 in cash to the railroad in exchange for terminating the line in Santa Ana and not neighboring Tustin . In 1887, the California Central Railway (which became a subsidiary of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway the following year) broke the Southern Pacific's local monopoly on rail travel, offering service between Los Angeles and San Diego by way of Santa Ana as

1377-575: The United States Army Air Forces . The base was responsible for continued population growth in Santa Ana and the rest of Orange County as many veterans moved to the area to raise families after the end of the war. Santa Ana was at the center of Orange County's economic boom in the 1950s with its agricultural and defense industries. However, most of this prosperity was only experienced by the city's white residents, while Latinos did not similarly benefit. Instead, economic inequality between

1458-910: The Wright Company in 1916. In recent years, the nearby city of Irvine has outpaced Santa Ana in commercial growth, with the Irvine Business District located near John Wayne Airport . To compete with this, Santa Ana has approved commercial projects in the South Coast Metro area, as well as the "Metro East" development, located at the confluence of the Santa Ana Freeway and the Costa Mesa Freeway . Juane%C3%B1o The Acjachemen ( / ɑː ˈ x ɑː tʃ ə m ə m / ) are an Indigenous people of California . Published maps often identify their ancestral lands as extending from

1539-582: The Xerox corporation, Ultimate Software , and T-Mobile . Nonprofits based in Santa Ana include Open Doors . One of Santa Ana's most notable businesses is the Rickenbacker musical instrument company, whose electric guitars and bass guitars earned fame in the hands of many rock and roll legends. Then Glenn L. Martin Company , a precursor to Lockheed Martin , was founded in Santa Ana in 1912 before merging with

1620-497: The "Auditorium Theater" in 1913. It then was renamed the "Clune's Santa Ana Theater" the same year. It was not until Ed Yost purchased the theater that it acquired the name, Yost Theater. In 1950 the theater was leased to Luis Olivos, father of Louie Olivos Jr. The theater housed vaudeville, silent films, and talkies before it became a Mexican cinema house under the Olivos Family. Louie Olivos Jr. brought talent of Mexican cinema to

1701-500: The "Playanos" (who lived along the coast) and the "Serranos" (who inhabited the mountains, some three to four leagues from the Mission). The religious beliefs of the two groups as related to creation differed quite profoundly. The Playanos held that an all-powerful and unseen being called "Nocuma" brought about the earth and the sea, together with all of the trees, plants, and animals of sky, land, and water contained therein. The Serranos, on

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1782-468: The "claims of Indians who had acquired land in the 1841 formation" of the San Juan pueblo, "were similarly ignored, despite evidence that the [American] land commission had data substantiating these Juaneños' titles." By 1860, Acjachemen were recorded in the census "with Spanish first names and no surnames; the occupations of 38 percent of their household heads went unrecorded; and they owned only 1 percent of

1863-408: The "latter part of the nineteenth century individuals and families often moved back and forth between these villages and San Juan for work, residence, family events, and festivals." American occupation resulted in increasing power and wealth for European immigrants and Anglo-Americans to own land and property by the 1860s, "in sharp contrast to the pattern among Californios, Mexicans, and Indians." In

1944-589: The 1850s alone, the California Indian population declined by 80 percent. Any land rights Native people had under Mexican rule were completely erased under American occupation, as stated in Article 11 of the treaty: "A great part of the territories which, by the present treaty, are to be comprehended for the future within the limits of the United States, is now occupied by savage tribes." As the United States government declared its right to police and control Native people,

2025-613: The 1990s, the Acjachemen Nation divided into three different governments, all claiming their identity as the Juaneño Band of Mission Indians, Acjachemen Nation. These unrecognized organizations include: The Juaneño Band of Mission Indians, Acjachemen Nation (84A), based in San Juan Capistrano elects a tribal council, assisted by tribal elders. They have about 1,800 members. In 1993, an Assembly Joint Resolution No. 48

2106-497: The 1990s. Despite strong Latino political representation, gentrification efforts have increasingly displaced the Mexican immigrant presence in the downtown area of the city in favor of outsiders. Primarily Spanish-speaking businesses that served immigrant populations have been demolished in favor of arts projects to draw in outside investment, which bring clientele who further question why Spanish-speaking businesses are present, leading to

2187-620: The 20th century, and is a continued threat despite the existence of the dams. Now fully developed, Santa Ana has several distinct districts. The core of the city is the downtown area, which contains both retail and housing, as well as the Santa Ana Civic Center , which is a dense campus of administrative buildings for both the city and the county of Orange. The civic center is also home to the Ronald Reagan Federal Building and Courthouse . Several historic homes dating from

2268-400: The Acjachemen "desisted, aware of the serious threat that military retaliation represented." While, before 1783, those who had been converted, known as "Juaneños, both children and adults, represented a relatively small percentage of the Acjachemen population, all that changed between 1790 and 1812, when the vast majority of remaining non-converts were baptized." Spanish colonists referred to

2349-465: The Acjachemen as Juaneño. The Acjachemen were designated as Juaneños by Spanish priests through the baptismal process performed at Mission San Juan Capistrano, named after St. Juan Capistrano in Spain . Many other local tribes were named similarly (Kizh (pronounced keech ) – Gabrieleño; named after Mission San Gabriel ). During the late 18th century, the mission economy extended over the entire territory of

2430-767: The Acjachemen people and is seen often in art and tribal seals. The Acjachemen language is related to the Luiseño language spoken by the nearby Luiseño tribe located to the interior. Considered to speak a dialect of Luiseño, the Juaneño were part of the Cupan subgroup of the Uto-Aztecan languages . Northern Uto-Aztecan (NUA) is divided into four branches; Numic, Tubatrlabalic, Takic, and Hopic. Takin includes seven languages; Kitanemuk, Serrano (including Vanyume), Gabrielino (including Fernandeńo), Luiseño (including Acjachemen), Cahuilla, Cupeño, and Tataviam. Their language became extinct by

2511-403: The Acjachemen population. The majority of early converts were often children, who may have been brought by their parents in an attempt to "make alliances with missionaries, who not only possessed new knowledge and goods but also presented the threat of force." Spanish military presence ensured the continuation of the mission system. In 1776, as Junípero Serra approached Acjachemen territory with

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2592-430: The Acjachemen were now "free," they were "increasingly vulnerable to being forced to work on public projects" if it was determined that they had "'reverted' to a state of dependence on wild fruits or neglected planting crops and herding" or otherwise failed to continue practicing Spanish-imposed methods of animal husbandry and horticulture . Because of a lack of formal recognition, "most of the former Acagchemem territory

2673-597: The Acjachemen. Acjachemen villages still had "access to specific hunting, collecting, and fishing areas" and "within these collectively owned areas villagers also possessed private property." However, the Indigenous land tenure system was first paralleled and then undermined by the mission system and colonization. The Spanish transformed the countryside into grazing lands for livestock and horticulture. Between 1790 and 1804, "mission herds increased in size from 8,034 head to 26,814 head." As European disease also began to decimate

2754-571: The Californios." The formation of the San Juan pueblo granted Californios and Acjachemen families solars , or lots for houses, and suertes , or plots of land in which to plant crops. Following the American occupation of California in 1846 and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, "Indian peoples throughout California were drawn into the 'cycles of conquest' that had been initiated by the Spanish." During

2835-631: The Los Angeles Times reported that the Yost Theater would be reopened for the benefit of the community at large. Restoration and conversion to a live theatre was carried out by architect Thomas Berkes, and it reopened as a concert and live performance venue that same year. Following the reopening, the Centro Cultural de México began programming concerts and related events, including an appearance of Dolores Huerta , Director of United Farm Workers, and

2916-523: The Puhú village site. However, while Acjachemen "claimed and were granted villages," there was "rarely" any legal title issued, meaning that the land was "never formally ceded" to them following emancipation, which they protested as others encroached upon their traditional territory. While rancho grants issued by the Mexican government on the lands of the San Juan mission "were made in the early 1840s, Indians' rights to their village lands went unrecognized." Although

2997-400: The Santa Ana and San Juan Capistrano townships, most Californios lost their ranchos in the 1860s. By 1870, European immigrants and Anglo-Americans now owned 87 percent of the land value and 86 percent of the assets. Native people went from owning 1 percent of the land value and assets, as recorded in the 1860 census, to 0 percent in 1870. Anglo-Americans became the majority of the population by

3078-525: The Yost including Antonio Aguilar, and Vicente Fernández to name some. He also brought Ike and Tina Turner and Sonny and Cher to the Yost. The Chase Family, developers of the Fiesta Marketplace shopping district, purchased the Yost from the City of Santa Ana in 1986. After this purchase the theater became a church, and as a result of this, the structure suffered defacing and alteration of its interior. In 2007,

3159-516: The beach to the mountains, south from what is now known as Aliso Creek in Orange County to the Las Pulgas Canyon in the northwestern part of San Diego County . However, sources also show that Acjachemen people shared sites with other Indigenous nations as far north as Puvunga in contemporary Long Beach. The Acjachemen language does not have any fluent speakers. It is closely related to

3240-530: The charter in November 1988 to provide for the direct election of the Mayor who until that point had been appointed from the council membership. Miguel A. Pulido was the first mayor of Latino descent in the city's history and the first Mayor directly elected by the voters. Since the 1980s, Santa Ana has been characterized by an effort to revitalize the downtown area which had declined in influence, even as it had become

3321-463: The city council has envisioned as a secondary mixed-use development district. Currently the area is occupied by several office towers, but little retail or housing. Also on the east side of the city is the Santa Ana Zoo , notable for its collection of monkeys and species from South and Central America . The southeast end of the city is part of the South Coast Metro area, which is shared with

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3402-487: The city of Costa Mesa . South Coast Plaza , a major shopping center, is the primary destination of this area, which also contains several high-rise office and apartment buildings. Yokohama Tire Corporation's United States headquarters are located at 1 MacArthur Place in the South Coast Metro area of Santa Ana, and Banc of California 's headquarters relocated from the neighboring city of Irvine. Santa Ana experiences

3483-405: The city was 42.73% White , 1.70% African American , 1.19% Native American , 8.81% Asian , 0.34% Pacific Islander , 40.64% from other races , and 4.58% from two or more races. 76.07% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 73,002 households, out of which 53.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% were married couples living together, 13.5% had

3564-402: The city's downtown becoming increasingly frequented by Latinos. This changed perceptions of the city and its economic value, with property values dropping significantly by 1974, while surrounding cities of Laguna Beach , Newport Beach , and Villa Park increased in value. Santa Ana entered the 1980s as a city of equal numbers of whites and Latinos. What had been the white commercial center of

3645-427: The city, Fourth Street, was now a street of Latino businesses and character. Latino immigrant and working-class families could now be found in every neighborhood of the city, rather than in just a few ethnic enclaves , as they were previously. Santa Ana became more often referred to as Santana and Fourth Street as La Cuatro. Having been a charter city since November 11, 1952, the citizens of Santa Ana amended

3726-552: The council of elders ( puuplem ), which was made up of lineage heads and ceremonial specialists in their own right. This body decided upon matters of the community, which were then carried out by the Nota and his underlings. While the placement of residential huts in a village was not regulated, the ceremonial enclosure ( vanquesh ) and the chief's home were most often centrally located. The Acjachemen relied upon harvesting and processing acorns, grasses, seeds, and bay shellfish. They had

3807-601: The country." Members of the Tongva and Juaneño / Luiseño are indigenous to the area. The Tongva called the Santa Ana area "Hotuuk." The village of Pajbenga was located at modern day Santa Ana along the Santa Ana River . After the 1769 expedition of Gaspar de Portolá out of Mexico City , then capital of New Spain , Friar Junípero Serra named the area Vallejo de Santa Ana (Valley of Saint Anne , or Santa Ana Valley ). On November 1, 1776, Mission San Juan Capistrano

3888-468: The early 20th century. People are working at reviving it, with several members learning it. Their studies are based on the research and records of Anastacia Majel and John P. Harrington , who recorded the language in 1933. (The tape recordings resurfaced around 1995.) Several organizations today identify as representing Acjachemen descendants. None of them are federally recognized , and California has no process for creating state-recognized tribes . In

3969-479: The era preceding colonization by Spain, the Acjachemen resided in permanent, well-defined villages and seasonal camps. Village populations ranged from between 35 and 300 residents, consisting of a single lineage in the smaller villages, and of a dominant clan joined with other families in the larger settlements. Each clan had its own resource territory and was politically independent; ties to other villages were maintained through economic, religious, and social networks in

4050-411: The first Mexican governor of Alta California , issued a "Proclamation of Emancipation" (or " Prevenciónes de Emancipacion ") on July 25, 1826, which freed Native people from San Diego Mission , Santa Barbara , and Monterey . When news of this spread to other missions, it inspired widespread resistance to work and even open revolt. At San Juan, "the missionary stated that if the 956 neophytes residing at

4131-400: The first direct automobile route between Los Angeles and Santa Ana, opened in 1935; it was enlarged into the Santa Ana Freeway in 1953. The Pacific Electric Santa Ana Line ran from 1905 to 1958. Santa Ana was the home of the original Glenn L. Martin aviation company , founded in 1912 before merging with the Wright Company in 1916. Later, Glenn Luther Martin created a second company of

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4212-404: The four of the seven mandatory criteria. Despite the lack of federal recognition, in 2008 the Acjachemen community was successful in protecting a sacred site from being desecrated by a toll road. They also reached a legal agreement agreement with CSULB to protect the land of Puvungna , where the university is partially situated. The university made several promises to maintain the integrity of

4293-429: The immediate region. The elite class (composed chiefly of families, lineage heads, and other ceremonial specialists), a middle class (established and successful families), and people of disconnected or wandering families and captives of war comprised the three hierarchical social classes. Native leadership consisted of the Nota, or clan chief, who conducted community rites and regulated ceremonial life in conjunction with

4374-455: The land and 0.6 percent of the assets (including cattle, household items, and silver or gold)." It was recorded that 30 percent of all households were headed by women "who still lived in San Juan on the plots of land that had been distributed in 1841" under Mexican rule. It was reported that "shortly after the census was taken, the entire population began to leave the area for villages to the southeast of San Juan." A smallpox epidemic in 1862 took

4455-485: The land. In the 21st century, the tribe filed a land claim, seeking to regain the territory of the former Marine Corps Air Station El Toro . This had been held by them as an Indian Rancheria until the 1930s. At that time, the US government bought the land for use as a defense facility. In May 2013, the 84A group of the Acjachemen Nation voted to elect the first all-female Acjachemen tribal council in its history. In 2021,

4536-653: The late 1800s can be found as well, and their preservation is a key issue as development of the downtown area continues. North of downtown is the "Midtown" district along Main St., home to entertainment destinations such as the Bowers Museum , MainPlace Mall, and the Discovery Science Center . Near the intersection of the Santa Ana Freeway and the Costa Mesa Freeway is the newly designated "Metro East" area, which

4617-418: The lives of 129 Acjachemen people in one month alone of a population now "of only some 227 Indians." The remaining Acjachemen established themselves among the Luiseño , who they "shared linguistic and cultural similarities, family ties, and colonial histories." Even after their relocation to various Luiseño villages, "San Juan remained an important town for Acjachemen and other Indians connected to it" so that by

4698-404: The mid-1870s, and the towns in which they resided "were characterized by a marked lack of ethnic diversity." In the 1890s, a permanent elementary school was constructed in San Juan. However, until 1920, for education beyond sixth grade, "students had to relocate to Santa Ana – an impossibility for the vast majority of Californio and Acjachemen families." Gerónimo Boscana, a Franciscan scholar who

4779-431: The mission compound. Missionaries attempted to prevent "Indigenous forms of knowledge, authority, and power" from passing on to younger generations by placing recently baptized Indian children in monjerios "away from their parents from the age of seven or so until their marriage." Native children and adults were punished for disobeying Spanish priests through confinement and lashings. The logic behind these harsh practices

4860-591: The mission in 1827 were 'kindly begged to go to work,' they would respond by saying simply that they were 'free.'" Following the Mexican secularization act of 1833 , "neophyte alcades requested that the community be granted the land surrounding the mission, which the Acjachemen had irrigated and were now using to support themselves." Terrestrial and marine fauna refuse, food storage vessels, specialized craft goods, ritual artifacts culturally associated with elite clan lineages, and interregional trade connections were found at

4941-448: The other hand, believed in two separate but related existences: the "existence above" and the "existence below". These states of being were "altogether explicable and indefinite" (like brother and sister), and it was the fruits of the union of these two entities that created "...the rocks and sands of the earth; then trees, shrubbery, herbs and grass; then animals...". The "Starman" drawn by artist Jean Goodwin has become an iconic image with

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5022-659: The population) lived in households, 1,415 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 3,243 (1.0%) were institutionalized. There were 73,174 households, out of which 41,181 (56.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 41,389 (56.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 11,808 (16.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 6,451 (8.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 4,933 (6.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 556 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 9,254 households (12.6%) were made up of individuals, and 3,378 (4.6%) had someone living alone who

5103-571: The population) lived in owner-occupied dwelling units and 165,825 people (51.1%) lived in rental dwelling units. During 2009–2013, Santa Ana had a median household income of $ 53,335, with 21.5% of the population living below the federal poverty line. As of the census of 2000, there were 337,977 people, 73,002 households, and 59,788 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,808.2 people/km (12,453 people/sq mi). There were 74,588 housing units at an average density of 1,061.1 units/km (2,748 units/sq mi). The racial makeup of

5184-520: The rancho was sold to the Sepúlveda family , who subsequently lost their land claim . In 1869, William H. Spurgeon then purchased the rancho and formally founded the modern city of Santa Ana. Approximately four-fifths Hispanic or Latino, Santa Ana has been characterized by The New York Times as the "face of a new California, a state where Latinos have more influence in everyday life—electorally, culturally and demographically—than almost anywhere else in

5265-588: The rural population, the dominion and power of the Spanish missions over the Acjachemen further increased." By 1812, the mission was at the peak of its growth: "3,340 persons had been baptized at the mission, and 1,361 Acjachemen resided in the mission compound." After 1812, the rate of Acjachemen who died surpassed the amount of those who were baptized. By 1834, the Acjachemen population had declined to about 800. The Acjachemen resisted assimilation by practicing their cultural and religious ceremonies, performing sacred dances and healing rituals both in villages and within

5346-590: The same name in Cleveland , Ohio which eventually merged with the Lockheed Corporation to form the largest defense contractor in the world, Lockheed Martin . Although there was a significant wave of Mexican migration to the city following the 1910 Mexican Revolution , the city remained majority white in 1939. During World War II , the Santa Ana Army Air Base was built as a training center for

5427-505: The two groups rapidly increased during this time. In 1958, the Honer Plaza and Bullock's Fashion Square malls opened and would supplant Downtown Santa Ana, with its department stores such as Rankin's , Ward's , Penney's and Buffums . Fashion Square was completely renovated and became MainPlace Mall in 1987. By the 1970s, Santa Ana was becoming an increasingly Latino city, with white flight to surrounding suburbs coinciding with

5508-408: Was "integral to Catholic belief and practice." Gerónimo Boscana , a missionary at San Juan between 1812 and 1822, admitted that, despite harsh treatment, attempts to convert Native people to Christian beliefs and traditions were largely unsuccessful: "All the missionaries in California, declares Boscana, would agree that the true believer was the rare exception." Governor José María de Echeandía ,

5589-526: Was $ 12,152. 19.8% of the population and 16.1% of families were below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 24.1% of those under the age of 18 and 10.4% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Santa Ana is the corporate headquarters of several companies, including Behr Paint , First American Corporation , Greenwood & Hall , Ingram Micro , SchoolsFirst Federal Credit Union , STEC , TTM Technologies , Kern's , and Wahoo's Fish Taco . It also houses major regional headquarters for

5670-492: Was 16 °F (−9 °C) on January 12, 1989. There are an average of 30.1 days with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher. The wettest "rain year" in Santa Ana was from July 1940 to June 1941 with 34.34 inches (872.2 mm), and the driest was from July 2017 to June 2018 with a mere 2.73 inches (69.3 mm). The most rainfall in one month was 13.99 inches (355.3 mm) in February 1998. The most rainfall in 24 hours

5751-400: Was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.7 males. The median income for a household from 2005 to 2009 was $ 54,521. The median income for a household in the city was $ 43,412, and the median income for a family was $ 41,050. Males had a median income of $ 23,342 versus $ 21,637 for females. The per capita income for the city

5832-410: Was 29.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.6 males. There were 76,896 dwelling units at an average density of 2,794.4 per square mile (1,078.9/km ), of which 34,756 (47.5%) were owner-occupied, and 38,418 (52.5%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.9%. 154,045 people (47.5% of

5913-422: Was 4.69 inches (119.1 mm) on February 16, 1927. The most common Hispanic ancestries in Santa Ana are Mexican, Salvadorian and Guatemalan. The most common European ancestries are German, Irish, English and Italian. By the late 1970s, African-American families began to move out of Santa Ana. The 2020 United States Census reported that Santa Ana had a population of 310,227. The racial makeup of Santa Ana

5994-443: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.37. There were 59,648 families (81.5% of all households); the average family size was 4.54. The age distribution of the population was as follows: 99,678 people (30.7%) under the age of 18, 39,165 people (12.1%) aged 18 to 24, 102,399 people (31.6%) aged 25 to 44, 61,375 people (18.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 21,911 people (6.8%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

6075-750: Was 8.5% Non-Hispanic White , 1.1% African American , 3.7% Native American, 12.3% Asian, 0.3% Pacific islander, 45.1% Other, 19.1% two or more races, and 76.7% Hispanic or Latino. The 2010 United States Census reported that Santa Ana had a population of 324,528. The population density was 11,793.3 inhabitants per square mile (4,553.4/km ). The racial makeup of Santa Ana was 148,838 (45.9%) White (9.2% Non-Hispanic White ), 4,856 (1.5%) African American , 3,260 (1.0%) Native American , 34,138 (10.5%) Asian , 976 (0.3%) Pacific Islander , 120,789 (37.2%) from other races , and 11,671 (3.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 253,928 (78.2%). The census reported that 319,870 people (98.6% of

6156-443: Was established within this valley. In 1810, the first year of the Mexican War of Independence , Jose Antonio Yorba , a sergeant of the Spanish army, was granted land that he called Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana . Yorba's rancho included the lands where the cities of Olive , Orange , Irvine , Yorba Linda , Villa Park , Santa Ana, Tustin , Costa Mesa and unincorporated El Modena , and Santa Ana Heights , are today. This rancho

6237-574: Was filed in the state of California, which "memorialized the President and Congress of the United States to declare the Juaneno Band of Mission Indians, Acjachemem Nation, to be the aboriginal tribe of Orange County." The Juaneno Band of Mission Indians, Acjachemen Nation 84A petitioned for federal recognition in 1999. On November 26, 2007, the Bureau of Indian Affairs declined the petition due to not meeting

6318-539: Was incorporated into Californio ranchos by 1841, when San Juan Mission was formed into a pueblo." The formation of the San Juan pueblo was a direct result of the actions of San Diego settlers, who petitioned the government to gain access to the lands of the mission territory. Before the formation of the pueblo, the "one-hundred or so Acjachemen living there" were asked if they favored or opposed this change: seventy voted in favor, while thirty, mostly older, Acjachemen opposed, "possibly because they did not want to live among

6399-416: Was stationed at San Juan Capistrano for more than a decade beginning in 1812, compiled the first, comprehensive study of Acjachemen religious practices. Religious knowledge was secret, and the prevalent religion, called Chinigchinich , placed village chiefs in the position of religious leaders, an arrangement that gave the chiefs broad power over their people. Boscana divided the Acjachemen into two classes:

6480-464: Was the fourth-most densely populated city in the United States with a population of 300,000 or more. Santa Ana is nested on flat, low-lying plains with little land elevation change. Running through the west end of the city is the mostly channelized Santa Ana River , which is also largely seasonal due to the construction of the Prado Dam and Seven Oaks Dam . The river caused several severe floods in

6561-566: Was the only land grant in Orange County granted under Spanish Rule . Surrounding land grants in Orange County were granted after Mexican Independence by the new government. After the Mexican-American War ended in 1848, Alta California became part of the United States and American settlers arrived in this area. Santa Ana was listed as a township of Los Angeles County in the 1860 and 1870 census, with an area encompassing most of what

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