A local board of health (or simply a local board ) was a local authority in urban areas of England and Wales from 1848 to 1894. They were formed in response to cholera epidemics and were given powers to control sewers, clean the streets, regulate environmental health risks including slaughterhouses and ensure the proper supply of water to their districts. Local boards were eventually merged with the corporations of municipal boroughs in 1873, or became urban districts in 1894.
32-570: York Council may be: City of York Council York Council (Pennsylvania) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title York Council . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=York_Council&oldid=1001473208 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
64-479: A combined authority was established in 2024 covering York and North Yorkshire, called the York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority . It is chaired by the directly elected Mayor of York and North Yorkshire . City of York Council provides both county-level and district-level services. Parts of the city are included in civil parishes , which form a second tier of local government for their areas. The central part of
96-538: A county corporate , outside the jurisdiction of the Sheriff of Yorkshire . In 1449 an adjoining rural area called the Ainsty , covering several villages to the south-west of York, was brought under the city's authority. By the nineteenth century the city corporation's powers were deemed inadequate to deal with the challenges of providing and maintaining the infrastructure of the city. A separate body of improvement commissioners
128-447: A district council which also performs the functions of a county council . Since 2024 the council has been a member of the York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority . The council has been under Labour majority control since 2023. It is based at West Offices on Station Rise. York was an ancient borough , which held city status from time immemorial . In 1396 the city was given the right to appoint its own sheriffs , making it
160-587: A change in nomenclature: the authorities created by the 1858 act were simply entitled "local boards" and their areas as "local government districts". When the General Board of Health was abolished in 1858 its responsibilities in respect of local government passed to the Secretary of State of the Home Department , in whose department a Local Government Act Office was formed to administer the local boards. In 1871
192-484: A review under the Local Government Act 1992 , the district was replaced by a unitary authority with significantly larger boundaries, gaining a number of civil parishes from the neighbouring districts of Harrogate , Ryedale and Selby . Some of these parishes were already effectively suburbs, having been absorbed into the city's urban area since the boundaries had last been reviewed in 1968; others formed part of
224-543: A separate agency was again formed entitled the Local Government Board , with a President who was frequently a Cabinet member. The Local Government Board also took over the duties of the Poor Law Board . The procedure for adopting the act and constituting a local board was laid out in sections 12 – 17 of the act, and was similar to that in the 1848 act. Changes made included: The method of electing members of
256-793: A single local body. The act could be applied to any place in England and Wales except the City of London and some other areas in the Metropolis already under the control of sewer commissioners . The Act was passed by the Whig government of Lord John Russell , in response to the urging of Edwin Chadwick . This was supported by reports, from the Royal Commission on the Health of Towns (formed in 1843) and local branches of
288-463: Is based at West Offices on Station Rise, which is the converted and extended original York railway station of 1841. The council moved into the newly-extended building in 2013. Prior to 2013 the council was based at York Guildhall on the banks of the River Ouse , the oldest parts of which date back to the fifteenth century. Full council meetings are still occasionally held in the council chamber at
320-420: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages City of York Council City of York Council is the local authority for the city of York , in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire , England. York has had a city council from medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1996 the council has been a unitary authority , being
352-504: Is largely ceremonial, and tends to be held by a different person each year. Political leadership is provided instead by the leader of the council . The leaders since 1984 have been: Following the 2023 election the composition of the council was: The next election is due in 2027. Since the last boundary changes in 2015 the council has comprised 47 councillors representing 21 wards , with each ward electing one, two or three councillors. Elections are held every four years. The council
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#1732901146128384-515: Is provided by Sensing247 and North SP Group Limited and is intended to help people stay independent. Local board of health The first local boards were created under the Public Health Act 1848 ( 11 & 12 Vict. c. 63). The aim of the act was to improve the sanitary condition of towns and populous places in England and Wales by placing: the supply of water; sewerage; drainage; cleansing; paving, and environmental health regulation under
416-527: The Health of Towns Association (formed in 1844), of poor and insanitary conditions in many UK cities. The act created a General Board of Health as a central authority to administer the act. There were three commissioners: the president of the board being the First Commissioner of Her Majesty's Woods and Forests, Land Revenues, Works and Buildings , the other two members being appointed by warrant. The board
448-526: The Guildhall, which is now occupied by the University of York . In October 2020 the council provided older people in the city with smart watches, which monitor a range of indicators including body temperature, heart rate, sleep patterns and step count. They are supported by sensors in their homes that can capture temperature and humidity, movement, how often doors open and close and power consumption. The service
480-457: The act was applied by Order in Council . Where a new district was created this was done by provisional order of the General Board, confirmed by Parliament. Members of local boards were either: Where a local board district coincided with a borough, or was entirely within a borough's limits, all the members were selected by the corporation. Where a district was entirely outside a municipality, all
512-458: The board remained the same, although existing or new boards could now be divided into wards. The Town Police Clauses Act 1847 had included model clauses for the government of towns which could be adopted in all or in part by existing borough corporations, local boards of health or improvement commissioners. The application of these was very uneven, so they were incorporated into the 1858 act, all local boards gaining these powers. Areas covered by
544-405: The boundaries in 1934, 1957 and 1968. When elected county councils were established in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888 , York was considered large enough to provide its own county-level services and so it was made a county borough , independent from the three county councils established for the surrounding East Riding , North Riding and West Riding . For lieutenancy purposes York
576-463: The clauses were: The local board also took over any lamps, lamp posts and gas posts provided by the Lighting and Watching Act 1833 , and was given a new power to provide a market place where one was required or inadequate. The number of local boards peaked at 721 in 1873. In that year the Public Health Act 1872 merged local boards into municipal boroughs and improvement commissioners where they shared
608-581: The corporation or city council. Shortly afterwards the question arose as to whether the reformed corporation's area still included the Ainsty. This was resolved later in 1836 when the Municipal Corporation (Boundaries) Act 1836 confirmed that the municipal boundaries only covered the city proper, and the Ainsty was transferred to the West Riding . The improvement commissioners continued to exist alongside
640-471: The district and board did not change however, the local board assuming extra duties as a sanitary authority. Local boards and local government districts were finally abolished by the Local Government Act 1894 ( 56 & 57 Vict. c. 73), when all urban sanitary districts became urban districts . A new urban district council was to govern the district. The new council was to be directly elected by all those entitled to voted in parliamentary elections, replacing
672-407: The latter case a superintending inspector appointed by the General Board would hold an inquiry into the sewerage, drainage, supply of water, state of burial grounds and other matters relating to the sanitary condition of the town, and where necessary define boundaries for the district of the local board. Where the boundaries of a proposed local board's district were the same as an existing local unit,
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#1732901146128704-582: The members were elected. In districts which were partly in and partly outside a borough the board had a mixture of selected and elected members. Selected members did not have to be members of the corporation. Borough mayors were ex officio board members. Those entitled to elect board members could have multiple votes depending on how much property they owned. This ranged from one vote for owners of property worth less than £50, to six votes for those holding more than £250 of property. It followed that board members were generally wealthy property owners or members of
736-503: The modern city, corresponding to the former city boundaries as existed between 1968 and 1996, is an unparished area . Following the 2023 election the Labour Party emerged with a majority. The leader is Claire Douglas, the first female council leader in the city's history. Political control of the council since the 1974 reforms has been as follows: Non-metropolitan district Unitary authority The role of Lord Mayor of York
768-407: The professions. The powers and duties of a local board of health were enumerated in the act: The 1848 act was replaced by the Local Government Act 1858 ( 21 & 22 Vict. c. 98). The act came into force in all existing local board of health districts on 1 September 1858. The act made some changes to the procedure for constituting a local board and gave them some additional powers. There was also
800-482: The reformed corporation until 1850, when the city was also made a local board district with the city council acting as the local board, thereby taking over the responsibilities of the abolished commissioners. The city's municipal boundaries were enlarged on a number of occasions, notably in 1884 when it gained areas including Clifton and Heworth , and in 1937 when it gained areas including Acomb , Dringhouses and Middlethorpe . There were more modest adjustments to
832-442: The rural hinterland around the city. The reforms included the creation of a new non-metropolitan county of York covering the same area as the enlarged district, but with no separate county council; instead the district (city) council took on county functions, making it a unitary authority. The city remains part of the wider ceremonial county of North Yorkshire for the purposes of lieutenancy. Local government across North Yorkshire
864-505: The same district. 419 of the local boards had been formed under the Public Health Act 1848 , the remaining 302 under the Local Government Act 1858 . The number of local boards was inflated in 1862–63, as communities adopted the act in order to avoid being grouped into highway districts under the Highways Act 1862 . Many of these local government districts had a population of fewer than 500, and several fewer than 100. Further legislation
896-490: Was deemed part of the West Riding. York was reconstituted as a non-metropolitan district in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 . As part of those reforms, the city was placed in the new non-metropolitan county of North Yorkshire , with the city council ceding county-level functions to the new North Yorkshire County Council . The city retained the same boundaries at the time of the 1974 reforms. In 1996, following
928-473: Was established in 1825 to pave, light and repair the streets, provide a watch , and supply water. York was reformed in 1836 to become a municipal borough under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 , which standardised how many boroughs operated across the country. The city was then governed by a body formally called the "lord mayor, aldermen and citizens of the city of York", generally known as
960-415: Was originally to be dissolved after five years, but acts of parliament were passed annually allowing for its continuation. Chadwick was appointed a commissioner, and the board was strongly associated with him. In 1852, Edward Gotto was employed to carry out the national General Board of Health Survey. The board finally ceased to exist on 1 September 1858. Local boards could be formed in two ways: In
992-406: Was passed in 1863 to limit the population of a new local government district to 3,000 or more. Some of these small authorities survived as urban districts until the county review orders of the 1930s. The Public Health Act 1875 ( 38 & 39 Vict. c. 55) designated local government districts as urban sanitary districts , with the local board becoming the urban sanitary authority. The titles of
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1024-412: Was reviewed again in 2023, when North Yorkshire County Council also became a unitary authority, and rebranded itself as North Yorkshire Council. As part of the process leading up to those reforms various alternatives were considered, some of which would have divided North Yorkshire into smaller unitary authorities which could have included York, but these alternatives were ultimately rejected. Instead,
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