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113-543: Yoon Suk Yeol ( Korean :  윤석열 ; born 18 December 1960) is a South Korean politician and attorney who has been the 13th (20th presidency) president of South Korea since 2022. A member of the People Power Party , he served from 2019 to 2021 as the prosecutor general of South Korea under his presidential predecessor, Moon Jae-in . Born in Seoul , Yoon attended Seoul National University . In his capacity as chief of

226-596: A system of speech levels and honorifics indicative of the formality of any given situation. Modern Korean is written in the Korean script ( 한글 ; Hangeul in South Korea, 조선글 ; Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea), a system developed during the 15th century for that purpose, although it did not become the primary script until the 20th century. The script uses 24 basic letters ( jamo ) and 27 complex letters formed from

339-484: A Korean influence on Khitan. The hypothesis that Korean could be related to Japanese has had some supporters due to some overlap in vocabulary and similar grammatical features that have been elaborated upon by such researchers as Samuel E. Martin and Roy Andrew Miller . Sergei Starostin (1991) found about 25% of potential cognates in the Japanese–Korean 100-word Swadesh list . Some linguists concerned with

452-477: A core vowel. The IPA symbol ⟨ ◌͈ ⟩ ( U+0348 ◌͈ COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE BELOW ) is used to denote the tensed consonants /p͈/, /t͈/, /k͈/, /t͡ɕ͈/, /s͈/ . Its official use in the extensions to the IPA is for "strong" articulation, but is used in the literature for faucalized voice . The Korean consonants also have elements of stiff voice , but it is not yet known how typical this

565-496: A department for nursing was established, which was the forerunner of the later College of Nursing. During the Japanese rule , Keijō Imperial University was established as one of Japan's nine imperial universities . After World War II and the independence of Korea, the name of the university was changed from Keijō Teikoku Daigaku (京城帝国大学) to Gyeongseong Daehak (경성대학, 京城大學, Gyeongseong University). The Hanja that were used in

678-486: A digital library, which in addition to the regular library collection provides access to university publications, ancient texts, and theses. Included here are images of pamphlets, lecture slides, and insects. The digital library offers access to video of university exhibitions, scientific events, symposia, and seminars. The library was opened in 1946 as the "Seoul National University Central Library" and inherited its facilities and books from Keijō Imperial University. In 1949,

791-459: A few extinct relatives which—along with the Jeju language (Jejuan) of Jeju Island and Korean itself—form the compact Koreanic language family . Even so, Jejuan and Korean are not mutually intelligible . The linguistic homeland of Korean is suggested to be somewhere in contemporary Manchuria . The hierarchy of the society from which the language originates deeply influences the language, leading to

904-564: A key repository of Korean historical records and a centre for research and publication of the annual journal Kyujanggak . Seoul National University Museum is located at the Gwanak Campus. It opened alongside the university in 1946 under the name "The Seoul National University Museum Annex." The original two-story Dongsung-dong building, which was erected in 1941, had served as the Keijō Imperial University Museum until it

1017-546: A picture he posted on Instagram and later deleted indicated that the apology was insincere. The photo was of him feeding an apple to his dog, where the Korean words for "apple" and "apology" ( 사과 ) are homonyms. Yoon later denied the alleged symbolism of the photo. Yoon again apologized for his remarks when he visited the May 18th National Cemetery in Gwangju on 10 November, although his visit

1130-789: A platform promising economic deregulation and measures such as abolishing the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family . He narrowly defeated Democratic Party nominee Lee Jae-myung on 9 March 2022 and assumed office as president on 10 May. In doing so, he became the first person elected president to be born after the end to fighting in the Korean War . Yoon's foreign policy has been described as hawkish toward North Korea and friendlier to Japan than that of previous South Korean presidents. As president, Yoon has received mostly low approval ratings. The 2022 Seoul Halloween crowd crush and 2024 South Korean medical crisis occurred during his administration, with

1243-543: A pledge to abolish the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family . Political conflict related to issues of gender was intense in South Korea in 2022. He announced that the new government would not address gender as a collective issue, but rather focus on and respond to specific individual issues. As of May 2022, there were only three women among the State Councilors of the Yoon Suk Yeol government and only two women among

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1356-586: A political independent, although his popular support came primarily from conservatives. Yoon was welcomed into the PPP by Choi Jae-hyung , a fellow 2022 presidential candidate, in a small public ceremony at the PPP headquarters located in Yeouido , Seoul . Choi was the former head of the Board of Audit and Inspection and had also just recently joined the PPP, officially having become a member on 15 July. Yoon's welcoming ceremony into

1469-513: A possible relationship.) Hudson & Robbeets (2020) suggested that there are traces of a pre- Nivkh substratum in Korean. According to the hypothesis, ancestral varieties of Nivkh (also known as Amuric ) were once distributed on the Korean Peninsula before the arrival of Koreanic speakers. Korean syllable structure is (C)(G)V(C), consisting of an optional onset consonant, glide /j, w, ɰ/ and final coda /p, t, k, m, n, ŋ, l/ surrounding

1582-569: A potential presidential candidate for the 2022 presidential election since the aftermath of the Cho Kuk controversies , appearing as a significant candidate in general election opinion polls since at least January 2020. In a January 2021 poll including all possible presidential candidates, Yoon led as the most favored with 30.4 percent of the vote, more than the individual supports for the ruling Democratic Party frontrunners Lee Jae-myung and Lee Nak-yon . On 4 March 2021, Yoon tendered his resignation as

1695-565: A prosecutor, he prosecuted such pro- Roh Moo-hyun figures as Ahn Hee-jung and Kang Keum-won. In 2006, he apprehended Chung Mong-koo for his complicity in a slush fund case at Hyundai Motor Company . In 2008, he worked for the independent counsel team resolving the BBK incident related to President Lee Myung-bak . In 2013, Yoon led a special investigation team that looked into the National Intelligence Service (NIS)'s involvement in

1808-579: A reorganization plan for his department, which she requested, but this was seen as retaliation by the Blue House for Cho Kuk's prosecution. In April 2020, Democratic Party lawmakers again attacked Yoon and called on him to resign as the prosecution started investigations into election law violation cases involving both ruling and opposition politicians and also suspected election rigging of the Ulsan mayoral race for Mayor Song Cheol-ho in 2018 by senior secretaries at

1921-449: A report by Kyunghyang Shinmun , at least 21 New Right figures were holding 25 key positions in eight public institutions and committees related to Korean history under the Yoon's administration. Korean language Korean ( South Korean : 한국어 , Hanguk-eo ; North Korean : 조선어 , Chosŏnŏ ) is the native language for about 81 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It

2034-572: A semester or a year at partner institutions such as the Singapore Management University , National Taiwan University , Sciences Po , Sorbonne University , University College London , and the University of Warwick . There are issues concerning diversity and racial discrimination against foreign professors at SNU. There was an effort to recruit foreign professors for several years from 2009 onwards, with numbers peaking at 242 or 4% of

2147-537: A senior prosecutor Son Jun-sung and politician Kim Woong to file politically motivated criminal complaints against Democratic Party politicians ahead of the 2020 legislative elections in an attempt to sway the elections. In response to the allegations, an internal investigatory probe was launched by the Supreme Prosecutor's Office , and an investigation was launched by the recently formed Corruption Investigation Office for High-ranking Officials (CIO). Yoon denied

2260-447: A single building. The Kyujanggak, also spelled "Gyujanggak", was the royal library during the Joseon period. It was founded in 1776 by order of King Jeongjo of Joseon , at which time it was located on the grounds of Changdeokgung . Today known as Kyujanggak Royal Library or Kyujanggak Archives are maintained by Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies ( 규장각한국학연구원 ) at SNU. It functions as

2373-491: A total of 347,963 votes, and of the remaining candidates Hong Joon-pyo won 41.50% of the votes, Yoo Seong-min won 7.47% of the votes, and Won Hee-ryong won 3.17% of the votes. On 7 November 2021, Yoon stated that if elected president he would pardon former presidents Lee Myung-bak and Park Geun-hye , both of whom were serving lengthy prison sentences for corruption (Park Geun-hye was later pardoned by President Moon Jae-in on 24 December of that same year). Yoon narrowly won

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2486-565: A training school for teachers and Euihakkyo (1899), a medical school, are also considered the origins of respective colleges. After the proclamation of the Korean Empire in 1897, Gojong, the then emperor, was motivated to create more modern education institutions. In 1899, a medical school was established. This school changed its name several times to Daehan Euiwon Gyoyukbu and Gyeongseong Euihak Jeonmunhakgyo (Gyeongseong Medical College) and finally became College of Medicine of SNU. In 1901,

2599-497: A whole presidency and especially an opposition that is growing in relation to the first part of the mandate. The Chairman of the PPP Emergency Committee; Han Dong-hoon resigned following the defeat and several other major government figures presented their resignation, including Yoon's Prime Minister Han Duk-soo. Yoon boycotted the opening of the inaugural session of the new National Assembly on 2 September, making him

2712-708: A year and a half, there was a protest movement by students and professors against the law of the U.S. military government in Korea merging colleges. Finally, 320 professors were fired and more than 4,950 students left the school. The university's second president was Lee Choon-ho ( 이춘호 ; 李春昊 ), who served beginning in October 1947. The College of Law was founded by merging the law department of Kyŏngsŏng University (Keijō Imperial University) with Kyŏngsŏng Law College. The university absorbed Seoul College of Pharmacy in September 1950, as

2825-541: Is a colleague of Moon Kang-bae, a lawyer who described Yoon as an "extrovert and faithful" person. Shortly after the Gwangju Uprising , Yoon and his colleagues held a mock trial , where he acted as a prosecutor, demanding the death penalty for Chun Doo-hwan , the president of the republic . Fearing imprisonment for his role in the mock trial, Yoon fled to Gangwon Province . Yoon was exempted in 1982 from national service due to anisometropia . Yoon later added that he

2938-656: Is an agglutinative language . The Korean language is traditionally considered to have nine parts of speech . Modifiers generally precede the modified words, and in the case of verb modifiers, can be serially appended. The sentence structure or basic form of a Korean sentence is subject–object–verb (SOV), but the verb is the only required and immovable element and word order is highly flexible, as in many other agglutinative languages. Question 가게에 gage-e store- LOC 가셨어요? ga-syeo-sseo-yo go- HON . PAST - CONJ - POL 가게에 가셨어요? gage-e ga-syeo-sseo-yo store-LOC go-HON.PAST-CONJ-POL 'Did [you] go to

3051-511: Is closer to a near-open central vowel ( [ɐ] ), though ⟨a⟩ is still used for tradition. Grammatical morphemes may change shape depending on the preceding sounds. Examples include -eun/-neun ( -은/-는 ) and -i/-ga ( -이/-가 ). Sometimes sounds may be inserted instead. Examples include -eul/-reul ( -을/-를 ), -euro/-ro ( -으로/-로 ), -eseo/-seo ( -에서/-서 ), -ideunji/-deunji ( -이든지/-든지 ) and -iya/-ya ( -이야/-야 ). Some verbs may also change shape morphophonemically. Korean

3164-653: Is distributed for free every Monday. The school paper is not available during schools breaks or exams. SNU graduates dominate South Korea's academics, government, politics and business. A KEDI study found that the university's name-value translates into wages that are on average about 12 percent higher than that of any other Korean university. Approximately one in four Korean university presidents obtained their undergraduate degree at SNU. Between 2003 and 2009, more students who graduated from science high schools and received presidential scholarships matriculated at SNU than at eight other leading universities combined. The chiefs of

3277-689: Is located behind the university administrative building in the 62nd block of the Gwanak Campus. The chief librarian, Dr. Kim Jong-seo, professor of religious studies in the College of Humanities, took office in 2009. Following the completion of Kwanjeong Library in February 2015, the SNU Library reached a size of 57,747 square meters. As of 2022, the library is home to 5.2 million volumes of books as well as over 260,000 academic journals and e-journals, and over 230,000 non-book materials. The Central Library has constructed

3390-399: Is mainly reserved for specific circumstances such as newspapers, scholarly papers and disambiguation. Today Hanja is largely unused in everyday life but is still important for historical and linguistic studies. The Korean names for the language are based on the names for Korea used in both South Korea and North Korea. The English word "Korean" is derived from Goryeo , which is thought to be

3503-503: Is no curfew hour. The dormitory Yeongeonsa is located on the Yeongeon campus, which is the medical school of SNU. Yeongeonsa can house 533 undergraduate students and 17 family households. The University Newspaper ( 대학신문 ; 大學新聞 ; Daehak Sinmun ) is school's student newspaper . The first edition of the paper was launched during the Korean War, on February 4, 1952. In 1953 it

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3616-399: Is of faucalized consonants. They are produced with a partially constricted glottis and additional subglottal pressure in addition to tense vocal tract walls, laryngeal lowering, or other expansion of the larynx. /s/ is aspirated [sʰ] and becomes an alveolo-palatal [ɕʰ] before [j] or [i] for most speakers (but see North–South differences in the Korean language ). This occurs with

3729-574: Is related to the government. During Yoon's leadership, the Supreme Prosecutor's Office launched investigations against Minister of Justice Cho Kuk , who was involved in various scandals. His decision to investigate Cho was welcomed by the conservative opposition but was condemned by the Democratic Party and its supporters. After Choo Mi-ae was appointed the new minister of justice, she took an action against several prosecutors close to Yoon. Choo attributed her decision to Yoon's failure to submit

3842-565: Is the national language of both North Korea and South Korea . Beyond Korea, the language is recognized as a minority language in parts of China , namely Jilin , and specifically Yanbian Prefecture , and Changbai County . It is also spoken by Sakhalin Koreans in parts of Sakhalin , the Russian island just north of Japan, and by the Koryo-saram in parts of Central Asia . The language has

3955-716: Is well attested in Western Old Japanese and Northern Ryukyuan languages , in Eastern Old Japanese it only occurs in compounds, and it is only present in three dialects of the Southern Ryukyuan language group . Also, the doublet wo meaning "hemp" is attested in Western Old Japanese and Southern Ryukyuan languages. It is thus plausible to assume a borrowed term. (See Classification of the Japonic languages or Comparison of Japanese and Korean for further details on

4068-624: The 2012 NIS public opinion manipulation scandal . Yoon sought the prosecution of the former head of the NIS, Won Sei-hoon for violating the Public Official Election Act. He accused Justice Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn of influencing his investigation. As a result, he was demoted from the Seoul prosecutors' office to the Daegu and Daejeon High Prosecutors' Office. Yoon later became head of investigations in

4181-462: The 2024 parliamentary elections put Yoon in an even weaker position. The PPP obtained 108 seats, 36% of the National Assembly; the main opposition party ( DPK ) won 175 seats in total. The remaining 17 seats are held by the other members of the 22nd Assembly. Some speak of him as a "lame duck" following this major defeat . He is the first president to see an assembly unfavorable to him during

4294-712: The 2024 parliamentary elections , and his power has since been evaluated as significantly weakened. Yoon was born in Bomun-dong , Seongbuk District , Seoul , in 1960 and raised in Yeonhui-dong , Seodaemun District . His father, Yoon Ki-jung , was born in Nonsan and was a professor emeritus of economics at Yonsei University and a full member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Korea . His mother, Choi Seong-ja,

4407-650: The Choi Soon-sil scandal . In response to the criticism, Yoon stated that "a supporter drew that as a message of support, encouraging me to be confident like a 'king' during the debate", and that he had forgotten to wash the mark off. In October 2021, Yoon made complimentary remarks about former authoritarian military dictator of South Korea Chun Doo-hwan . The remarks came during a meeting with People Power Party officials in Busan, during which Yoon said that "many people still consider Chun as having done well in politics, except

4520-458: The Joseon dynasty . Several of them were integrated into various colleges when SNU was founded later. To modernize the country, Gojong initiated the establishment of modern higher education institutions. By means of the issue of a royal order, the law academy Beopkwan Yangseongso  [ ko ] has been founded on March 25, 1895. It produced 209 graduates including the later envoy Yi Tjoune . Hanseong Sabeomhakgyo (established in 1895),

4633-524: The Korean dialects , which are still largely mutually intelligible . The Chinese language , written with Chinese characters and read with Sino-Xenic pronunciations , was first introduced to Korea in the 1st century BC, and remained the medium of formal writing and government until the late 19th century. Korean scholars adapted Chinese characters (known in Korean as Hanja ) to write their own language, creating scripts known as idu , hyangchal , gugyeol , and gakpil. These systems were cumbersome, due to

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4746-541: The Ministry of National Defense building in Yongsan District , Seoul , instead of the Blue House , which opened to the public as a park on 10 May 2022. He would take office that day. This marked the end of the Blue House as the official presidential office and residence after 74 years. In 2023, Yoon attempted to raise South Korea's maximum weekly working hours from 52 to 69. However, widespread backlash, especially from

4859-557: The Three Kingdoms of Korea (not the ancient confederacies in the southern Korean Peninsula), while " -eo " and " -mal " mean "language" and "speech", respectively. Korean is also simply referred to as guk-eo , literally "national language". This name is based on the same Han characters ( 國語 "nation" + "language") that are also used in Taiwan and Japan to refer to their respective national languages. In North Korea and China ,

4972-478: The military coup and the Gwangju Uprising ", later adding that he believed even people in Honam , the geographic area including Gwangju, felt the same way. Chun Doo-hwan, a widely maligned figure in South Korea, was responsible for numerous human rights abuses, including the torture and killings of innocent civilians. Yoon apologized for these remarks. However, news media and members of the Democratic Party speculated that

5085-949: The 16th century for all Korean classes, including uneducated peasants and slaves. By the 17th century, the yangban had exchanged Hangul letters with slaves, which suggests a high literacy rate of Hangul during the Joseon era. In the context of growing Korean nationalism in the 19th century, the Gabo Reform of 1894 abolished the Confucian examinations and decreed that government documents would be issued in Hangul instead of literary Chinese. Some newspapers were published entirely in Hangul, but other publications used Korean mixed script , with Hanja for Sino-Korean vocabulary and Hangul for other elements. North Korea abolished Hanja in writing in 1949, but continues to teach them in schools. Their usage in South Korea

5198-464: The 2022 presidential election that took place on 9 March 2022. Democratic Party candidate Lee Jae-myung conceded defeat in the early hours of the following day. Yoon won 48.56% of the votes, while Lee Jae-Myung won 47.83% of the vote. Yoon's presidential election victory was by the closest margin in South Korean history. On 20 March 2022, he announced that he would establish his presidential office in

5311-592: The 27.9 percent who said he did not need to apologize. The Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs sued MBC 'to restore trust in diplomacy'. This has been likened to the oppression of journalists by the Lee Myung-bak government in the past. The decision by the Yoon administration to reduce South Korea's research and development (R&D) budget by 15% for 2024 compared to the previous year has caused significant uproar among researchers. There are growing concerns that this cutback might undermine South Korea's competitiveness in

5424-484: The Blue House. On 24 November 2020, Minister of Justice Choo Mi-ae suspended Yoon from his position, citing alleged ethical violations, abuse of power, and interference into investigations of his associates and family members. Yoon filed an injunction against the minister's suspension order, which was approved by the Seoul Administrative Court on 1 December, temporarily halting the suspension. On 16 December,

5537-687: The Gwanak Campus is situated in 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak District; and the Yongon Campus is north of the Han River in Daehangno , Jongno District ; and the new Pyeongchang campus in Pyeongchang County , Gangwon Province . Gwanak Campus, the main campus, is located in the southern part of Seoul. It is served by its own subway station on Line 2 . Yeongeon Campus, the medical campus, is on Daehangno (University Street), northeast Seoul. The defunct Suwon Campus,

5650-464: The Ministry of Justice then imposed a two-month suspension on Yoon, accepting four of six major charges for disciplinary action. The decision was subsequently approved by President Moon. However, on 24 December, following an injunction filed at the Seoul Administrative Court, the suspension was overturned as the court accepted Yoon's claim that the process to suspend him was unfair. Yoon had been considered

5763-652: The Moon administration until he resigned as prosecutor general in March 2021 led to his rise as a prominent presidential candidate among conservative voters ahead of the 2022 presidential election . In June 2021, Yoon announced his candidacy in the 2022 South Korean presidential election . He joined the right-wing People Power Party (PPP) in July and won its nomination in November. Considered conservative and economically liberal, Yoon ran on

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5876-689: The People Power Party notably did not include recently elected party leader Lee Jun-seok , who had been outside of Seoul at the time. During the primary election period, Yoon came under criticism for several perceived gaffes and controversial statements. In July, Yoon advocated for a 120-hour work week while critiquing President Moon's policy of the 52-hour maximum work week. Yoon advocated deregulating food safety standards because, in his opinion, "poor people should be allowed to eat substandard food for lower prices", citing economist Milton Friedman 's 1980 book Free to Choose: A Personal Statement as

5989-573: The Samsung Cultural Foundation after a proposal from Dr. Lee Jong-sang, a professor of Oriental Art. The building was designed by Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas , with construction entrusted to the Samsung Group . The 4,450 square metres (47,900 sq ft) structure lies three stories above and below ground, with its major distinguishing feature, the forward area, cantilevering off the ground. Construction lasted from 2003 to 2005, and

6102-543: The Seoul Central District Prosecutor's Office, he played a key role in convicting former presidents Park Geun-hye and Lee Myung-bak of abuse of power. President Moon appointed Yoon prosecutor general of South Korea in 2019. During Yoon's leadership, the Supreme Prosecutor's Office conducted embattled investigations into Cho Kuk , an influential figure in the Moon administration, that led to Cho's resignation as minister of justice . Yoon's clashes with

6215-518: The Special Branch and Central Investigation Department, both of which investigate corruption-related cases. In 1999, he arrested Assistant Commissioner Park Hui-won, who was corrupt despite strong objections from bureaucrats in the Kim Dae-jung cabinet. In January 2002, Yoon worked briefly as a lawyer at Bae, Kim & Lee but left as he felt that he was not suited to the position. Upon his return as

6328-545: The US Congress. On 21 September 2022, after chatting with US President Joe Biden outside the seventh Global Fund meeting in New York City, Yoon was filmed telling his aides and top diplomats, "Wouldn't [inaudible] lose face if these saekki do not pass it in the legislature?" Although the audio is hard to discern, MBC, who broke the story on air, determined in its subtitles that he said "Biden" in an apparent reference to

6441-660: The agricultural campus, also known as the Sangnok Campus (Evergreen Campus), used to be located in Suwon , about 40 km south of Seoul. The agricultural campus moved to Gwanak in Autumn 2004, but some research facilities still remain in Suwon. In February 2010 Seoul National initiated a memorandum with the city of Siheung to establish a global campus. Signed with the city's mayor and governor of Gyeonggi Province for administrative assistance,

6554-536: The allegations and reported informant Cho Sung-eun and Director of the National Intellience Service Park Jie-won to the CIO. In early September, support for PPP primary contender Hong Joon-pyo , who had been the nominee for PPP predecessor Liberty Korea Party in the 2017 presidential election , rose sharply in polls, which made Hong the most significant contender to Yoon since the beginning of

6667-469: The basic ones. When first recorded in historical texts, Korean was only a spoken language . Since the turn of the 21st century, aspects of Korean culture have spread to other countries through globalization and cultural exports . As such, interest in Korean language acquisition (as a foreign language ) is also generated by longstanding alliances, military involvement, and diplomacy, such as between South Korea–United States and China–North Korea since

6780-455: The beginnings of words. /l/ becomes alveolar flap [ɾ] between vowels, and [l] or [ɭ] at the end of a syllable or next to another /l/ . A written syllable-final ' ㄹ ', when followed by a vowel or a glide ( i.e. , when the next character starts with ' ㅇ '), migrates to the next syllable and thus becomes [ɾ] . Traditionally, /l/ was disallowed at the beginning of a word. It disappeared before [j] , and otherwise became /n/ . However,

6893-494: The campaign cycle. A 6 September poll of contenders across all parties showed support for Hong at 13.6%, up from 4.2% a week earlier, behind Yoon who had support at 26.4%. During primary debates amongst PPP presidential candidates, Yoon appeared to have the hanja character for "king" written on his left palm, a shamanist talisman for good luck. Yoon's primary opponents, including Hong Joon-pyo and Yoo Seong-min , criticized Yoon for using shamanist practices and made comparisons to

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7006-457: The capital's governmental apparatus. Originally the national government had approached the university in 2009 to host the building of a satellite campus. It was reported the following year that the university had considered withdrawing from the Sejong plan. Admissions to SNU are extremely competitive. From 1981 to 1987, when an applicant could apply only to one university at a time, more than 80% of

7119-512: The college of Pharmacy . This had previously been a private institution. In 1950, during the Korean War , the university was occupied by North Korea. During which, the Seoul National University Hospital massacre occurred. The university then temporarily moved to Busan and merged with other universities in South Korea. Originally, the main campus (which embraced the College of Humanities and Sciences and College of Law)

7232-414: The creation of a "police bureau", in order to ensure greater government oversight of the police force. In response, several police officers protested, claiming the measure was a dictatorial measure to compromise the political neutrality of the police. In response to the protests, Lee Sang-min , Yoon's Interior Minister, compared them to the 1979 Coup d'état of December Twelfth , though he later walked back

7345-441: The deaths of one South Korean marine in 2023 and two more soldiers in 2024 by blocking bills seeking to investigate the matter. His exercise of veto power, one of the highest among South Korean presidents, led to increased confrontation with the opposition in the parliament. Yoon has appointed people affiliated with the controversial South Korean New Right movement to prominent positions in government and public life. According to

7458-407: The eighth secretary-general of the United Nations (UN); Hoesung Lee , chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); Song Sang-hyun , former president of the International Criminal Court (ICC); Lee Jong-wook , the sixth director-general of the World Health Organization (WHO), O-Gon Kwon , former vice president and permanent judge in the International Criminal Tribunal for

7571-480: The end of World War II and the Korean War . Along with other languages such as Chinese and Arabic , Korean is ranked at the top difficulty level for English speakers by the United States Department of Defense . Modern Korean descends from Middle Korean , which in turn descends from Old Korean , which descends from the Proto-Koreanic language , which is generally suggested to have its linguistic homeland somewhere in Manchuria . Whitman (2012) suggests that

7684-457: The establishment of a police bureau, further inflamed tensions. On 29 October 2022, at least 158 people were crushed to death when a crowd surged in an alleyway during Halloween festivities in Seoul's Itaewon district. Yoon declared a state of official national mourning. On February 6, 2024, Yoon announced that the enrollment quota for medical students would be increased from 3,058 to 5,058 students per academic year from 2025 onward. The quota

7797-399: The first Korean dynasty known to Western nations. Korean people in the former USSR refer to themselves as Koryo-saram or Koryo-in (literally, " Koryo/Goryeo persons"), and call the language Koryo-mal' . Some older English sources also use the spelling "Corea" to refer to the nation, and its inflected form for the language, culture and people, "Korea" becoming more popular in

7910-472: The first South Korean leader not to attend the ceremony since the restoration of democracy in 1988. His office said that he did not attend saying that the chamber "overissues demands for special prosecutor investigations and impeachments". Yoon's People Power Party sued four senior executives of local broadcaster Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation , including MBC TV head Park Sung-je, on grounds of defamation after news outlets initially reported that he insulted

8023-404: The fundamental disparities between the Korean and Chinese languages, and accessible only to those educated in classical Chinese. Most of the population was illiterate. In the 15th century King Sejong the Great personally developed an alphabetic featural writing system , known today as Hangul , to promote literacy among the common people. Introduced in the document Hunminjeongeum , it

8136-495: The global technology sector. The move faced strong opposition, highlighted by an event at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). A student protested the budget reduction during a graduation ceremony while President Yoon Suk-yeol was giving his speech. But he was immediately restrained by bodyguards who were disguised as students. Yoon was accused of covering up for senior military officials over

8249-451: The government-run College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) are mostly SNU graduates. In 2015, Thomson-Reuters ranked SNU as the 31st most innovative institution in the world. QS World University Rankings (2023)ranked SNU as the 29th best university in the world and 7th in Asia, whilst it is 7th in the independent regional QS Asian University Rankings (2023). SNU is 11th in Asia and 56th in

8362-479: The inflow of western loanwords changed the trend, and now word-initial /l/ (mostly from English loanwords) are pronounced as a free variation of either [ɾ] or [l] . All obstruents (plosives, affricates, fricatives) at the end of a word are pronounced with no audible release , [p̚, t̚, k̚] . Plosive sounds /p, t, k/ become nasals [m, n, ŋ] before nasal sounds. Hangul spelling does not reflect these assimilatory pronunciation rules, but rather maintains

8475-419: The initiative will add a medical complex including a research hospital and training centre, research centre for dentistry and clinical pharmacology, dormitories, apartments, an international middle and high school, and other facilities. Planning to open the international campus in 2014, the university intends to share the initiative with other regional national institutions. The Seoul National University Library

8588-588: The inspiration for the idea. In August, Yoon stated that South Korea's recent feminist movement was a significant contributing factor to the issue of the nation's low birth rates . Later that same week, Yoon claimed during an interview with Busan Ilbo that there was "basically no radiation leak" from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster because "the reactors themselves didn't collapse." On 2 September 2021, news website Newsverse reported that during his time as prosecutor general, Yoon had allegedly ordered

8701-408: The issue between Japanese and Korean, including Alexander Vovin, have argued that the indicated similarities are not due to any genetic relationship , but rather to a sprachbund effect and heavy borrowing, especially from Ancient Korean into Western Old Japanese . A good example might be Middle Korean sàm and Japanese asá , meaning " hemp ". This word seems to be a cognate, but although it

8814-515: The language is most often called Joseon-mal , or more formally, Joseon-o . This is taken from the North Korean name for Korea (Joseon), a name retained from the Joseon dynasty until the proclamation of the Korean Empire , which in turn was annexed by the Empire of Japan . In mainland China , following the establishment of diplomatic relations with South Korea in 1992, the term Cháoxiǎnyǔ or

8927-451: The late 1800s. In South Korea the Korean language is referred to by many names including hanguk-eo ("Korean language"), hanguk-mal ("Korean speech") and uri-mal ("our language"); " hanguk " is taken from the name of the Korean Empire ( 대한제국 ; 大韓帝國 ; Daehan Jeguk ). The " han " ( 韓 ) in Hanguk and Daehan Jeguk is derived from Samhan , in reference to

9040-405: The latter still ongoing. Critics have alleged that, under Yoon, South Korea has been experiencing democratic backsliding . He has been accused of using government institutions and police to retaliate against critical journalists, overusing his veto power, and favoring far right political pundits and historical figures. He has made a number of anti-feminist statements. His party lost in a landslide in

9153-555: The latter's bid to increase the American contribution to the Global Fund by $ 6 billion, an act that would require congressional approval. Yoon's office denies that he was talking about Biden or the US Congress. Instead, it claims that he was expressing concern that his country's opposition-controlled parliament would reject his plans for a $ 100 million contribution to the same fund, and his press secretary Kim Eun-hye suggested that

9266-445: The lawsuit as politically motivated. A poll of 1,002 adult Koreans found his approval rating falling to 27.7 percent, a 3.7 percent drop from three weeks before, and that the majority (61.2 percent) believed Yoon said "Biden" compared to the 26.9 percent who thought he said " nallimyeon ", and another poll of 1,000 adult Koreans found an even greater majority (70.8 percent) who said that he should directly apologize for his profanity versus

9379-460: The museum opened on June 8, 2006. Dr. Jung Hung-min assumed directorship of the gallery in 2006. The Seoul National University Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena. The capacity of the arena is 5,000 and was built in 1986 to host table tennis and badminton (demonstration) events at the 1988 Summer Olympics . The dormitory of SNU is named Gwanaksa ( 관악사 ). Dormitories for undergraduate and graduate students as well as families are located here. It

9492-457: The name of the library was changed to the "Seoul National University Library Annex". When the main branch of the library was relocated to the Gwanak Campus in January 1975, it was renamed the "Seoul National University Library", and then renamed again in 1992 as the "Seoul National University Central Library". In 1966, provisions were made to systematize the library's collections. The original library

9605-467: The name were pronounced in the Korean reading and the attribute "Imperial" was removed. The renaming to "National" was based on the academic nationalism supported by the US military regime in Korea at the time. SNU was founded on August 27, 1946, by merging ten institutions of higher education around the Seoul area. The schools which have been merged were: The first president was Harry Bidwell Ansted . For over

9718-483: The prosecutor-general, which was accepted by President Moon. On 29 June 2021, Yoon officially announced his candidacy in the 2022 presidential election. On 12 July, he registered with the National Election Commission as an independent candidate. On 30 July 2021, Yoon officially joined the conservative People Power Party , which was the main opposition party in South Korea. Prior to this Yoon had been

9831-631: The proto-Koreans, already present in northern Korea, expanded into the southern part of the Korean Peninsula at around 300 BC and coexisted with the descendants of the Japonic Mumun cultivators (or assimilated them). Both had influence on each other and a later founder effect diminished the internal variety of both language families. Since the establishment of two independent governments, North–South differences have developed in standard Korean, including variations in pronunciation and vocabulary chosen. However, these minor differences can be found in any of

9944-537: The remarks. Yoon himself also criticized the protests, saying, "Like many, I am also deeply concerned about the collective protest of the police chiefs," and calling it a "serious breach" of police discipline. Following the protests, the presidential office threatened to punish police officers. Additional remarks by Yoon Hee-keun, President Yoon's choice as Commissioner General of the National Police Agency , suggesting that police should focus on wages rather than

10057-660: The short form Cháoyǔ has normally been used to refer to the standard language of North Korea and Yanbian , whereas Hánguóyǔ or the short form Hányǔ is used to refer to the standard language of South Korea. Korean is a member of the Koreanic family along with the Jeju language . Some linguists have included it in the Altaic family, but the core Altaic proposal itself has lost most of its prior support. The Khitan language has several vocabulary items similar to Korean that are not found in other Mongolian or Tungusic languages, suggesting

10170-866: The special prosecutor team of Park Young-soo, which investigated allegations pertaining to the 2016 Choi Soon-sil scandal involving Choi, Samsung vice-chairman Lee Jae-yong and then-president Park Geun-hye , which led to the impeachment of the president in December 2016. On 19 May 2017, the newly elected president Moon Jae-in appointed Yoon as chief of the Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office. The prosecution indicted two former presidents Lee Myung-bak and Park Geun-hye , three former NIS chiefs, former chief justice Yang Sung-tae and more than 100 other former officials and business executives under his tenure. Yoon also led an investigation into accounting fraud at Samsung . On 17 June 2019, Yoon

10283-559: The store?' Response 예/네. ye/ne AFF Seoul National University The university's main campus is located in Gwanak , and two additional campuses are located in Daehangno and Pyeongchang . The university comprises sixteen colleges, one graduate school and nine professional schools. The student body consists of nearly 17,000 undergraduate and 11,000 graduate students. Seoul National University (SNU) originates from various educational institutions established by King Gojong of

10396-441: The tense fricative and all the affricates as well. At the end of a syllable, /s/ changes to /t/ (example: beoseot ( 버섯 ) 'mushroom'). /h/ may become a bilabial [ɸ] before [o] or [u] , a palatal [ç] before [j] or [i] , a velar [x] before [ɯ] , a voiced [ɦ] between voiced sounds, and a [h] elsewhere. /p, t, t͡ɕ, k/ become voiced [b, d, d͡ʑ, ɡ] between voiced sounds. /m, n/ frequently denasalize at

10509-576: The top 0.5% scorers in the annual government-administered scholastic achievement test applied to SNU and many of them were unsuccessful. Sixteen colleges of the university offer 83 undergraduate degree programs. For master and doctoral programs there is one graduate school with 99 programs from five fields of studies. The interdisciplinary programs are the ones invented and operated by more than two departments. In addition to that, there are twelve professional graduate schools. Seoul National University occupies two Seoul-based, one Pyeongchang-based campuses:

10622-695: The total. This number has declined, with a large proportion of the newer "foreign" recruits actually being former South Korean citizens who became naturalized as foreign citizens abroad. Many of the earlier batch of foreign professors left after complaining of racial discrimination against them, sometimes without even giving notice. SNU failed to boost its international reputation by offering contracts to Nobel laureates, but they are mostly retired and holding other academic posts elsewhere, are rarely on campus and sometimes leave before their contracts run out. Among its notable alumni are prominent figures in international organizations and businesses such as Ban Ki-moon ,

10735-464: The underlying, partly historical morphology . Given this, it is sometimes hard to tell which actual phonemes are present in a certain word. The traditional prohibition of word-initial /ɾ/ became a morphological rule called "initial law" ( 두음법칙 ) in the pronunciation standards of South Korea, which pertains to Sino-Korean vocabulary. Such words retain their word-initial /ɾ/ in the pronunciation standards of North Korea. For example, ^NOTE ㅏ

10848-607: The university acquired 826 thousand m (204 acres) of property in the west-coast economic zone, near the Songdo International Business District , Pyeongtaek harbor, international airport , seaport . The land acquisition will increase the university's size by 58% over its current 1.4 million square meters (350 acres) to 2.2 million square meters (550 acres) and headcount by an expected 10,000 people or 33% of its current figure. Along with lecture halls and additional liberal arts and graduate courses,

10961-600: The vice-ministerial level officials. This was criticized as a lack of women's representation in the government. In response to these criticisms, Yoon appointed Park Soon-ae as the Minister of Education and Kim Seung-hee as the Minister of Welfare, increasing the ratio of female-to-male ministers in the cabinet to 30%. However, Park Soon-ae resigned on 5 August, just 34 days into her tenure; Yoon's approval rating had fallen from 30% to 24%, largely due to public backlash against Park's school reform plans. In late July 2022, Yoon proposed

11074-479: The word he uttered was not "Biden", but " nallimyeon ", a similar-sounding word that means "to blow or waste". The video swiftly went viral, having been viewed repeatedly by millions. The controversy has also brought press freedom in South Korea to the public eye over the PPP's civil conduct involving MBC, with some press freedom groups, including the International Federation of Journalists , criticizing

11187-547: The world according to the 2023 Times Higher Education World University Rankings . In 2023, its World Reputation Rankings were considered it to be 44th globally. Moreover, ARWU (2022) regarded SNU to be among 98th worldwide and the best in the country. CWUR 2020–2021 ranks SNU as 31st best in the world. QS University Subject Rankings (2018): 25th, Arts and Humanities ; 16th, Engineering and Technology ; 37th, Life Sciences and Medicine ; 21st, Social Sciences and Management ; 20th, Natural Sciences . The institute

11300-502: The youth, led him to order government agencies to reconsider the plan. The minimum wage for 2025 was set at 10,030 won per hour. Some labor representatives walked out in protest, saying the increase rate was too low, but most management and public interest representatives voted to adopt the minimum wage at 10,030 won. Yoon has been accused of exploiting anti-feminist sentiment for political gain. Yoon has claimed that structural sexism no longer exists in South Korea. He entered office with

11413-538: Was born in Gangneung and was a lecturer at Ewha Womans University before leaving the position after getting married. President (2022–present) Prosecutor General (2019–2021) [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Yoon attended Daegwang Elementary School and Joongrang Middle School, transferring to Choongam Middle School after finishing eighth grade. After graduating from Choongam High School  [ ko ] , he studied law at Seoul National University . He

11526-533: Was called eonmun ('colloquial script') and quickly spread nationwide to increase literacy in Korea. The Korean alphabet was denounced by the yangban aristocracy, who looked down upon it too easy to learn. However, it gained widespread use among the common class and was widely used to print popular novels which were enjoyed by the common class. Since few people could understand official documents written in classical Chinese, Korean kings sometimes released public notices entirely written in Hangul as early as

11639-546: Was formerly located. Part of the former main campus in Jongno District is still used by the College of Medicine, the College of Dentistry and the College of Nursing and is now called Yeongeon Campus. In 2012, lawmakers reported that the ruling Saenuri Party , prior to the presidential election in December , seriously proposed a plan to relocate the university to the newly established special autonomous Sejong City . The move came as part of an overall effort to decentralize

11752-417: Was founded August 1975, with five Gwanaksa buildings and one welfare building, which housed 970 male students. The female dormitory was founded in February 1983. By June 2007, there were one administration building, two welfare buildings, 12 undergraduate dormitory buildings, six graduate students' dormitory buildings, which in total housed 3,680 students. Unlike other university dormitories in South Korea, there

11865-580: Was in Dongsung-dong, Jongno District . After the construction of a new main campus in Gwanak District in February 1975, most colleges of the university relocated to the new Gwanak Campus between 1975 and 1979 by the request of president Park Chung Hee who disliked student protests at the site where the Gwanak golf club  [ ko ] (founded in the early 1960s and relocated in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi )

11978-462: Was last fixed in 2006. The announcement was met with opposition from the medical community, with Korea Medical Association and Korea Intern Resident Association leading a strike by intern and resident doctors since February 20, 2024. They argued that the planned increase would not resolve the issues of inadequate manpower in rural areas but would increase the inequality of medical care between rural and urban areas. The opposition's landslide victory in

12091-402: Was met by protesters. On 5 November 2021, Yoon officially won the nomination of the People Power Party for the 2022 presidential election. The win came after Yoon fought off a surge in support for rival candidate Hong Joon-pyo in the latter weeks of the primary. The nomination resulted from a four-day period of voting by party members and the general public. Yoon Suk Yeol won 47.85% of the votes,

12204-402: Was moved to Dongsung-dong in Seoul, where from 1958 even editions for high school were published. Financial difficulties in 1960 led the paper to cease printing for a time. It was relocated to the Gwanak Campus in 1975, where it has been in continuous publication until the present day. At the time of its first launch the paper was sold for 500 won a copy, sometimes twice a week. Now, however, it

12317-683: Was nominated as prosecutor general , replacing Moon Moo-il . His nomination was welcomed by the ruling Democratic Party and the Party for Democracy and Peace , but was opposed by the Liberty Korea Party and the Bareunmirae Party . The minor party Justice Party remained neutral. On 16 July, he was officially appointed as the new prosecutor general and started his term nine days later. President Moon ordered him to be neutral, adding that any kind of corruption must be strictly investigated though it

12430-519: Was organized into 12 annexes for each of the university's colleges: engineering, education, physics, art, law, theology, pharmacology, music, medicine, dentistry, administration, and agricultural sciences. Two years later, in 1968, libraries for newspapers and the liberal arts were added to bring the number of annexes to 14. However, as the main branch was moved to the Gwanak Campus, the education, physics, legal, theological, administrative, newspaper, liberal arts, and pharmacological libraries were combined in

12543-728: Was ranked 20th in publications by a 2008 analysis of data from the Science Citation Index , and the following year ranked 8th in the world in clinical trials . In 2011, the Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking World Universities reported that SNU is ranked 10th in the world in terms of the number of alumni holding CEO positions in Fortune 500 enterprises. SNU also had the third highest number of students who went on to earn Ph.Ds in American institutions in 2006. SNU students can study abroad for

12656-550: Was transferred intact to SNU. When the museum was moved to the sixth floor of the Central Library, in 1975, it was renamed the "Seoul National University Museum". The museum was then moved to newly constructed facilities, next to the Dongwon Building, in 1993, which it has occupied to this day. Dr. Park Nak-gyu is its director. The Seoul National University Museum of Art (SNUMoA) was established in 1995 with contributions from

12769-442: Was unable to obtain a driving licence because of the condition. After passing the first part of the bar exam in his fourth year of university, Yoon continued to attempt the second part over the next nine years. He eventually passed the bar in 1991, in the same graduating class as Democratic Party assemblyman and minister of justice Park Beom-kye . Yoon started his career at Daegu Public Prosecutor's Office in 1994. He headed

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