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72-755: Yitzchak Tabenkin was born in Babruysk in the Russian Empire (now Belarus ) in 1888. He attended a cheder in Warsaw and later continued with a secular education. His father abandoned Orthodox Judaism as a young man, turning to radical politics. He served time as a political prisoner . His mother, meanwhile, was involved in Poland’s revolutionary intelligentsia. Tabenkin was among the founders of Poale Zion in Poland . He cited Karl Marx and Haim Nahman Bialik as influences. He

144-615: A house in Kfar Hess, killing a woman and seriously wounding her husband. Jordan was again condemned by the Mixed Armistice Commission for these attacks. Both governments were greatly concerned over the happenings during this fortnight, and a great effort was made to stop the work of these groups, which seemed bent on creating tension along the border. 11 August 1953, Israel military forces using demolition mines, bangalore torpedoes, 2-inch mortars, machine-guns and small arms attacked

216-439: A length of about 4 kilometres. It lasted two hours, until the cease-fire arranged by United Nations observers came into effect. On the following day, there were isolated shots in the early morning and in the afternoon. There were twenty Jordanian casualties—ten killed and ten wounded. Six Israelis were wounded. The Jerusalem incident was investigated by United Nations observers. After studying the evidence collected, General Riley, in

288-525: A mixed investigation. United Nations observers accompanied the representatives to the demarcation line to establish the facts. Despite the cease-fire which had been previously arranged, heavy firing broke out during the investigation. Israel troops had fired across the demarcation line at Jordanians in Jordan territory in response to illegal border trespassing by Jordanian farmers and Israeli soldiers were suspected to have burned crops in Jordan territory. The origin of

360-415: A peace treaty between Israel and Egypt , and it took another 15 years after that to achieve a peace treaty between Israel and Jordan . To this day, no peace treaty has been signed between Israel and Lebanon nor between Israel and Syria. The armistice agreements were clear (at Arab insistence) that they were not creating permanent borders. The Egyptian-Israeli agreement stated "The Armistice Demarcation Line

432-595: A report to the Security Council on the violation of the cease-fire [S/3607], stated that it appeared impossible to determine who fired the first shot. On 25, 26, and 27 May, the two parties submitted complaints alleging violation of the General Armistice Agreement by civilians and military personnel in the Al-Dawayima area. In an emergency meeting of the Mixed Armistice Commission, both parties agreed to

504-544: Is a city in Mogilev Region , Belarus . It serves as the administrative center of Babruysk District , though it is administratively separated from the district. It is situated on the Berezina River . Babruysk occupies an area of 66 square kilometres (25 sq mi), and comprises over 450 streets whose combined length stretches for over 430 km (267 mi). As of 2024 , it has a population of 207,351. Babruysk

576-507: Is a major tourist attraction . The 1861 census showed a population of 15,766. The ethnic groups living in Babruysk included Belarusians , Ukrainians , Poles , and Jews . As in other cities of Belarus, most of the buildings were constructed from wood. In 1866 there were 1498 houses, only 29 of which were made from brick. There was a steady increase in the Jewish population of Babruysk following

648-564: Is a medical school and numerous professional technical schools. The name Babruysk (as well as that of the Babruyka River ) probably originates from the Belarusian word babyor ( бабёр , lit.   ' beaver ' ), many of which used to inhabit the Berezina. However, beavers in the area had been almost eliminated by the end of the 19th century due to hunting and pollution. Babruysk

720-517: Is located at the intersection of railroads to Asipovichy , Zhlobin , Aktsyabrski and roads to Minsk , Gomel , Mogilev , Kalinkavichy , Slutsk , and Rahachow . It has the biggest timber mill in Belarus, and is also known for its chemical, machine building and metal-working industries. In 2021, there were 38 public schools in Babruysk, with over 24,000 students. There are three schools specializing in music, dance and visual arts . Additionally, there

792-510: Is not to be construed in any sense as a political or territorial boundary, and is delineated without prejudice to rights, claims and positions of either Party to the Armistice as regards ultimate settlement of the Palestine question." The Jordanian-Israeli agreement stated: "... no provision of this Agreement shall in any way prejudice the rights, claims, and positions of either Party hereto in

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864-499: Is one of the oldest cities in Belarus . It was first mentioned in writing in the middle of the 14th century. Investigations by archaeologists revealed that in the 5th and 6th centuries there existed Slavic settlements up the river Biarezina from where Babruysk is currently located; findings of stone tools and weapons suggest that people have lived in the area since the Stone Age . During

936-551: The Babi Yar memorial. On June 29, 1944, the Red Army liberated Babruysk. The city lay in ruins; while the population had been 84,107 in 1939, it was down to 28,352 following the war. The difficult process of rebuilding was conducted by thousands of workers and war prisoners who labored to clear factories and streets of rubble and filled in craters made by the bombardment. The machine building plant had been almost completely destroyed, but

1008-735: The Great Revolt as an event that perpetuated the Jewish national existence. He lived at Ein Harod until his death. Moshav Yitav (a Hebrew acronym for "Yad Yitzhak Tabenkin") in the Jordan Valley is named after him. Yitzhak Tabenkin's son, Joseph Tabenkin , became the Fourth Battalion commander of the Palmach 's Harel Brigade . Tabenkin was one of the founders of Ahdut HaAvoda . In 1930, he became one of

1080-619: The Napoleonic wars . By 1897, in the population of 34,336 citizens, 60%, or 20,760 were Jews. Most of them were employed in crafts, industry, and trade. During the 1890s, the citizens of Babruysk witnessed pogroms after the assassination of the Russian emperor Alexander II . Many of the attacks were repelled by armed Jewish self-defense. In 1902, the Great Fire of Babruysk left 2,500 families homeless and destroyed over 250 business, 15 schools and

1152-712: The Nazi guards. Soon the Nazis began executing the Jews in the ghetto in groups of about 30. By 1943 all labor camps had been liquidated and the remaining Jews killed. The few Jews who escaped joined partisan forces in the surrounding forest and went about attacking enemy railroad lines. There is a small memorial dedicated to the memory of Babruysk Jews killed in the Holocaust , located in the Nahalat Yitzhak cemetery, Giv'atayim , Israel , as part of

1224-510: The Red Army over the control of the city and region of Babruysk. In 1918–1920, town was captured by Polish forces. On 28 June 1941, troops of the German Army Group Centre captured Babruysk. General Gotthard Heinrici considered the largely-evacuated city "a dump consisting mainly of wooden houses" and was appalled by the "extremely primitive" surrounding area. Dulag 131 , one of the largest camps for Soviet prisoners of war ,

1296-621: The Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip was derived from the Ten Commandments and the blood of the soldiers killed in the war. During the 1960s, he maintained that the 1949 Armistice Agreements would not last. In June 1966, he said "Anywhere war will allow, we shall go to restore the country's integrity". After the Six-Day War of 1967, he opposed any territorial concession. He considered

1368-737: The Armistice Demarcation Lines were technically not borders, the Arabs considered that Israel was restricted in its rights to develop the DMZ and exploitation of the water resources. Further that as a state of war still existed with the Arab nations, the Arab League was not hindered in their right to deny Israel the freedom of navigation through the Arab League waters. Also it was argued that the Palestinians had

1440-678: The Bedouin camp, shooting aimlessly, confiscating arms and burning tents. The Bedouins run away, leaving many wounded behind. For a few days Unit 101 pursuits the Bedouins until they are out of the Negev. 2 October 1953: The explosion of a land mine on the Israel railway north of Eyal derailed an Israel freight train. The Mixed Armistice Commission has held Jordan responsible for this act of violence which fortunately caused no loss of life and relatively little damage, as

1512-572: The Berezina River. Babruysk was not only a major military base, but also a prominent trade center. There is evidence of a market containing nearly one hundred stalls, which implies significant financial activity. In the first half of the 17th century Babruysk became a big trade outpost thanks to its strategic position at the intersection of major trade routes and the Berezina river. There was a flowering of skilled tradesmen, including carpenters , blacksmiths , goldsmiths , and bakers. The population in

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1584-611: The General Armistice Agreement. The Green Line was then redrawn in blue ink on the southern map to give the impression that a shift of the Green Line had been made. The events that led to a change in the Green Line was an exchange of fertile land in the Bethlehem area to Israeli control and the village of Wadi Fukin being given to Jordanian control. On 15 July when the Israeli Army expelled

1656-640: The Iraqi forces withdrew from Palestine and handed over their positions to the smaller Jordanian legion, 3 Israeli brigades maneuvered into positions of advantage in Operation Shin-Tav-Shin and Operation Uvda . The operations allowed Israel to renegotiate the cease fire line in the southern Negev (giving access to the Red Sea ) and the Wadi Ara area in a secret agreement reached on 23 March 1949 and incorporated into

1728-492: The Israel delegation complained that on 18 February four armed infiltrators crossed the demarcation line into Israel and that when challenged by an Israel patrol at M.R. 1023–1123 they started to escape while firing on the patrol. During the exchange of fire one of the infiltrators was killed. 19 February: the Egyptian delegation complained that on 18 February, at M.R. 1087–1050, a patrol of two Egyptian soldiers in Egyptian territory

1800-453: The Israeli draft resolution condemning Jordan. 17 February 1954: the Israel delegation complained that five armed persons dressed in khaki crossed the demarcation line during the night and, on the morning of 16 February, stole a flock of 260 sheep belonging to an Israeli kibbutz. According to the complaint, the Israeli shepherd and his flock were taken into caves and kept there till 5.30 p.m. when

1872-479: The Mixed Armistice Commission condemned Jordan for this incident. 18 December 1953, a car was ambushed on the Hebron road (approximate M.R. 1658–1221) inside Jordan and an Arab Legion medical officer was killed. Israel was condemned by the Mixed Armistice Commission for this incident (21 December). 21 December 1953, an armed group attacked a Bedouin camp near Tarqumyia (approximate M.R. 1512–1092) wounding one man. Israel

1944-802: The addition of over a million Arabs to Israel's population a problem that could be solved by a massive aliyah . He believed Israel's victory would awaken the Jewish Diaspora and joined the " Movement for Greater Israel ". A collection of Yitzhak Tabenkin's personal papers and correspondence is stored today at the "Tabenkin Memorial" ( Yad Tabenkin ) in Ramat Ef'al . Babruysk Babruysk or Bobruysk ( Belarusian : Бабруйск , romanized :  Babrujsk , IPA: [bäˈbruɪ̯s̪k] ; Russian : Бобруйск , IPA: [bɐˈbruɪ̯s̪k] ; Yiddish : באָברויסק , romanized :  Bobroysk )

2016-926: The auspices of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization , (UNTSO) which investigated complaints by all parties and made regular reports to the UN Security Council . As part of its dispute with Syria over use of the Demilitarized Zone created by the Israel-Syria Armistice Agreement, Israel from 1951 refused to attend meetings of the Israel/Syria Mixed Armistice Commission . The U.N. Security Council, in its resolution of 18 May 1951, criticized Israel's refusal to participate in Mixed Armistice Commission meetings as being "inconsistent with

2088-571: The basis of permanent political frontiers at the Lausanne Conference of 1949 . After the 1967 Six-Day War several Israeli leaders argued against turning the Armistice Demarcation Lines into permanent borders on the grounds of Israeli security: The internationally recognized border between Egypt and Israel was eventually demarcated as part of the Egypt–Israel peace treaty . The border between Israel and Jordan (except for Jordan's border with

2160-571: The ceasefire's enforcement led to the signing of the separate Tripartite Declaration of 1950 , in which the United States , the United Kingdom , and France pledged to take action within and outside of the UN in order to prevent violations of the frontiers. It also outlined their commitment to peace and stability in the area, their opposition to the use or threat of force, and reiterated their opposition to

2232-535: The city from the surrounding rural areas. This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Babruysk has a humid continental climate , abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps. Babruysk is twinned with: “You think I’m stupid!” shrieked Panikovsky. “Give me Central Russia, then I’ll sign

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2304-402: The complaint, they started to escape when challenged by Israeli guards, and fire having been opened on them, one was hit and was dragged over the demarcation line by the second. 18 February, the Mixed Armistice Commission condemned Israel and Jordan for firing across the demarcation line on 14 February near Deir el Ghusun (approximate M. R. 1575–1955) in the northern area. This firing resulted in

2376-455: The demarcation line and attacked the Arab villages of Falameh (Falāma, Falamya) and Rantis . At Falameh the mukhtar was killed, seven other villagers were wounded, and three houses were demolished. The attack lasted four and a half hours. Israel was condemned for this act by the Mixed Armistice Commission. 22 April 1953, firing broke out at sunset within Jerusalem along the demarcation line on

2448-602: The demarcation line by unauthorized persons, ten resulting in acts of violence and requests the Government of Jordan to continue and strengthen the measures which they are already taking to prevent such crossing." The Security Council condemned Israel for the operation in Qibya. December 1953: The Jordanian authorities carried out the following measures:- 16 December 1953, two Israeli soldiers were killed while on patrol inside Israel territory (approximate M. R. 1433–1097). On 21 December,

2520-497: The development of an arms race between Arab countries and Israel. On 6 January 1949, Ralph Bunche announced that Egypt had finally consented to start talks with Israel on an armistice. The talks began on the Greek island of Rhodes on 12 January. Shortly after their commencement, Israel agreed to the release of a besieged Egyptian brigade in Faluja , but soon rescinded their agreement. At

2592-561: The end of the month, the talks floundered. Israel demanded that Egypt withdraw all its forces from the former area of Mandate Palestine. Egypt insisted that Arab forces withdraw to the positions which they held on 14 October 1948, as per the Security Council Resolution S/1070 of 4 November 1948, and that the Israeli forces withdraw to positions north of the Majdal – Hebron road. The deadlock culminated on 12 February 1949 with

2664-485: The first half of the 17th century was between 2,000 and 5,000 people. The town was surrounded by fortifications made from wood and earth, whose length stretched for over 3 km (2 mi). These included a protective earth barrier, wooden walls, and almost a dozen two-story watchtowers. In the walls there were openings designed for the placement of firearms. After the Second Partition of Poland in 1793 it came into

2736-530: The founders of Mapai and one of its leaders along with David Ben-Gurion and Berl Katznelson . He opposed the Peel Commission 's recommendations and any of Ben-Gurion's attempts to reach a compromise with the Revisionist Zionists . In 1944 he led the "Bet" Faction that split from Mapai and created the new "Ahdut HaAvoda" party. In 1948 he was one of the founders of the more pro- Soviet Mapam , and

2808-457: The hands of Imperial Russia . In 1810, the construction of a fortress began to mark the border between Russia and Austria and Prussia ; in 1812 it was almost completed and was successful in repelling Napoleon 's attack for four months. After the war the building was renewed on a large scale, and it was completed in 1820. That was one of the western Russian fortresses . The Babruysk fortress has served its purpose for many decades and today it

2880-621: The hostilities of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and also demarcated the Green Line , which separated Arab-controlled territory (i.e., the Jordanian-annexed West Bank and the Egyptian-occupied Gaza Strip ) from Israel until the latter's victory in the 1967 Arab–Israeli War . To monitor the agreed-upon de facto border, the United Nations (UN) established supervising and reporting agencies; discussions related to

2952-544: The idea of Jewish statehood and advocated a "bottom up" approach to Jewish socialism. He believed this should be achieved in the "Whole Land of Israel ". He regarded the political borders of the Middle East following the partition of the Ottoman Empire as imposed by European imperialism. He expressed a vision of the entire Jewish people living in communes as part of a "worldwide alliance of communist peoples". He referred to

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3024-429: The incident was the illegal cultivation by Jordanians of land in Israel territory. Armed Jordanians had penetrated Israel territory to harvest crops, and other Jordanians had fired across the demarcation line to protect the harvesters. The Jordanian government took no action to encourage or prevent the actions taken, though later considerations were made. During the latter part of May 1953, incidents took place which cost

3096-458: The insistence by Ralph Bunche that in all four talks, the ceasefire be strictly observed, while negotiating with Jordan Israel engaged in military operations to occupy extensive swathes of territory in both the central and southern Negev desert. It also managed to secure further land by using the threat of military intervention unless some claims were accepted. The agreement with Jordan was signed on 3 April 1949. The main points: In March 1949 as

3168-435: The killing, of one Jordanian. 18 February: the Israel delegation complained that on 18 February at 1 p.m. two armed Egyptian soldiers crossed the demarcation line at M.R. 10884–10486. According to the complaint, the Egyptian soldiers refused to stop, when challenged by an Israeli patrol; two warning shots were fired; one of the Egyptian soldieries escaped, and the other was killed 15 meters inside Israel territory 18 February:

3240-645: The lives of three persons and in which six others were wounded. On the night of 25–26 May, an armed group from Jordan attacked two homes in Beit Arif, wounding two women. The same night, armed Jordanians attacked a home in Beit Nabala, killing a woman and wounding her husband and two children. Jordan was condemned for all three of these attacks. On the night of 9 June, armed Jordanians blew up a house in Tirat Yehuda, killing one man, and two nights later an armed band struck at

3312-573: The market. There were more than 7 million rubles in property damage, however the city was quickly rebuilt, this time with brick and stone. In 1904 the 40th Infantry Division of the Imperial Russian Army had its headquarters here. Between February 2 and March 11, 1918, was a Battle of Bobrujsk , between units of the Polish I Corps in Russia , commanded by General Jozef Dowbor-Musnicki , fought with

3384-521: The murder of Hassan al-Banna , leader of the Islamist group Muslim Brotherhood . Israel threatened to abandon the talks, whereupon the United States appealed to the parties to bring them to a successful conclusion. On 24 February the Israel–Egypt Armistice Agreement was signed in Rhodes . The main points of the armistice agreement were: The agreement with Lebanon was signed on 23 March 1949. The main points were: These armistice talks began on 4 March, and were conducted on Jordanian territory. Despite

3456-571: The objectives and intent of the Armistice Agreement". The discussion of complaints by the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan/Israel Mixed Armistice Commission during the year 1952 resulted in: Statistics Taken from The Official Records of The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan/Israel Mixed Armistice Commission Period from 1 January 1953 Through 15 October 1953: On 28–29 January 1953 Israeli military forces estimated at 120 to 150 men, using 2-inch (51 mm) mortars, 3-inch mortars, PIAT weapons, bangalore torpedoes , machine-guns, grenades and small arms, crossed

3528-459: The pact.” “What? The entire Center?” mocked Balaganov. “Would you also like Melitopol on top of that? Or Bobruisk?” At the word Bobruisk, the children moaned painfully. Everyone was prepared to go to Bobruisk immediately. Bobruisk was considered a wonderful, highly civilized place. 1949 Armistice Agreements The 1949 Armistice Agreements were signed between Israel and Egypt , Lebanon , Jordan , and Syria . They formally ended

3600-399: The peaceful settlement of the Palestine questions, the provisions of this Agreement being dictated exclusively by military considerations" (Art. II.2), "The Armistice Demarcation Lines defined in articles V and VI of this Agreement are agreed upon by the Parties without prejudice to future territorial settlements or boundary lines or to claims of either Party relating thereto." (Art. VI.9) As

3672-449: The population of Wadi Fukin after the village had been transferred to the Israeli-occupied area under the terms of the Armistice Agreement concluded between Israel and the Jordan Kingdom the Mixed Armistice Commission decided on 31 August, by a majority vote, that Israel had violated the Armistice Agreement by expelling villagers across the demarcation line and decided that the villagers should be allowed to return to their homes. However, when

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3744-469: The post-1967 West Bank) was demarcated as part of the Israel–Jordan peace treaty . This occurred after Jordan had recognized Palestine , which had not declared its borders at the time. In its application for membership to the United Nations, Palestine declared its territory to consist of the West Bank and Gaza, implying that some of Jordan's previous border with Israel is now with Palestine. In each case Mixed Armistice Commissions (MACs) were formed under

3816-404: The reign of Vladimir I, Prince of Kiev , in place of modern-day Babruysk there was a village whose inhabitants were occupied with fishing and beaver trapping . This is where the name Babruysk originated. For many centuries Babruysk was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and was an important militarily fortified border post. In the 14th century a castle was built on one of the hills near

3888-464: The right of return and that the Israeli use of abandoned property was therefore not legitimate. In the Knesset then Foreign Minister and future Prime Minister Moshe Sharett called the armistice lines "provisional boundaries" and the old international borders which the armistice lines, except with Jordan, were based on, "natural boundaries". Israel did not lay claim to territory beyond them and proposed them, with minor modifications except at Gaza, as

3960-418: The same time, the crossing of a part of the same group into Shuqba village, breaching article III, paragraph 2 of the General Armistice Agreement. A number of unexploded hand grenades, marked with Hebrew letters and three bags of TNT were found in and about the village. 24 November 1953: Resolution 101 the Security Council is passed which "took note of the fact that there is substantial evidence of crossing of

4032-457: The shepherd was released and the marauders returned to the Gaza Strip with the flock crossing the demarcation line at M.R. 1067–1024. The Israel delegation considered that "the above was a carefully planned action ordered by the Egyptian authorities and carried out by a well-trained military unit." 17 February 1954: the Israel delegation complained that two Arabs crossed the demarcation line into Israel at M.R. 1018–0992, on 16 February. According to

4104-404: The train was made up of empty tank cars. 14 October 1953: Qibya massacre – 130 Israeli troops crossed the demarcation line into Qibya village, attacking the inhabitants by firing from automatic weapons and explosives. Forty-one dwelling houses and a school building were destroyed. Resulting in the murder of forty-two lives and the wounding of fifteen persons and the damage of a police car, and at

4176-402: The two Israeli soldiers on 16 December. Two Arabs responsible for this crime were arrested by the Jordan police a few days later. 14 February 1954, an Israeli villager on guard duty at Mahasyia, near Deiraban, (approximate M. R. 1510–1282) in the central area, was killed. No evidence was introduced to indicate that Jordanians were guilty of this crime and on 18 February the chairman voted against

4248-482: The villagers returned to Wadi Fukin under the supervision of the United Nations observers on September 6, they found most of their houses destroyed and were again compelled by the Israeli Army to return to Jordanian controlled territory. The United Nations Chairman of the Mixed Commission, Colonel Garrison B. Coverdale (US), pressed for a solution of this issue to be found in the Mixed Armistice Commission, in an amicable and UN spirit. After some hesitation, this procedure

4320-489: The villages of Idna, Surif and Wadi Fukin, inflicting casualties among the inhabitants and destroying dwellings. The body of an Israel soldier in full uniform with identification tag was found in the village of Idna after the attack. The Mixed Armistice Commission condemned Israel for these attacks. 2 September 1953: Arabs, infiltrated from Jordan, reached the neighbourhood of Katamon, in the heart of Jerusalem where they threw hand grenades in all directions. Miraculously, no one

4392-445: Was accepted and finally an agreement was reached whereby the Armistice Demarcation Line was changed to place Wadi Fukin under Jordanian authority who, in turn, agreed to transfer of some uninhabited, but fertile territory south of Bethlehem to Israel control. Armistice talks with Syria started at Gesher B'not Yaacov , on the River Jordan , in April 1949, after the other armistice agreements had been concluded. The agreement with Syria

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4464-508: Was active in agricultural laborers organizations in what would later be called the West Bank . In 1921 he joined Joseph Trumpeldor 's Work Battalion ( Gdud HaAvoda ) and became one of the founders of the first kibbutz proper (as opposed to smaller-scale kvutza ), Ein Harod , which later became the center of the kibbutz movement , where he was considered a spiritual leader. He went on a mission on behalf of " Hechalutz " to Poland to encourage emigration to Palestine ( aliyah ). He disapproved of

4536-415: Was also influenced by Peter Kropotkin and Mikhail Bakunin . In 1912, he immigrated to Ottoman Palestine , where he worked as an agricultural laborer in Merhavia and Kfar Uria . During the First World War , he worked on the Kinneret Farm . He was a delegate to every Zionist Congress after the war. He joined the defense organization HaShomer . He was a member of the "Non-Party" workers group and

4608-445: Was attacked by armed Israelis hiding in ambush. One of the Egyptian soldiers was kidnapped and killed inside Israel-controlled territory, close to the demarcation line (Cf. sub-paragraph (c) above summarizing an Israeli complaint dated 18 February). 19 February: the Egyptian delegation complained that on 19 February armed Israelis opened automatic fire across the demarcation line at an Arab working in his field at M.R. 0952–0931. The Arab

4680-406: Was condemned by the Mixed Armistice Commission for this incident (23 December). 21 December, an armed group, using explosives and automatic weapons, attacked a house near Hebron (approximate M.R. 1591–1066) killing one pregnant woman and two men, and wounding another man. Israel was condemned for this incident (24 December). The last three incidents were apparently reprisal attacks for the killing of

4752-428: Was elected to the first Knesset in 1949. In 1954 he resigned from Mapam along with Ahdut HaAvoda over the issue of relationships with the Soviet Union and remained the leader of Ahdut HaAvoda until the establishment of the Labor Party in 1968. He was reelected to the third Knesset in 1955. After the Sinai War of 1956, he opposed Israel's withdrawal and compared it to the Munich Agreement . He said Israel's right to

4824-413: Was emphasised that the armistice line was "not to be interpreted as having any relation whatsoever to ultimate territorial arrangements." (Article V) Iraq, whose forces took an active part in the war (although it has no common border with Israel), withdrew its forces from the region in March 1949. The front occupied by Iraqi forces was covered by the armistice agreement between Israel and Jordan, and there

4896-486: Was hurt. 3 September 1953: Sovereignty over the DMZ (Demarcation Zone) between Syria Israel is questioned when Israel start a creeping border attempt by using a water diversion in DMZ; USA threatens to end aid channelled to Israel by the Foreign Operations Administration. Israel moves intake out of DMZ. In September 1953 the General Headquarters orders Unit 101 to drive Bedouins out from the Negev and push them southward to Sinai. Unit 101 soldiers act aggressively: they raid

4968-434: Was located in the "citadel". An estimated 30,000 to 40,000 Red Army soldiers died there. Believing that German troops would not target civilians, many Jews stayed behind. Consequently, 20,000 Babruysk Jews were shot and buried in mass graves. Ghetto and labor camps were established in the southwest part of town. The conditions inside the camps were horrible and involved lack of food, lack of sanitation and perpetual abuse by

5040-528: Was no separate agreement with Iraq. The new military frontiers for Israel, as set by the agreements, encompassed about 78% of mandatory Palestine as it stood after the independence of Transjordan (now Jordan ) in 1946. The Arab populated areas not controlled by Israel prior to 1967 were the Jordanian ruled West Bank and the Egyptian occupied Gaza Strip . The armistice agreements were intended to serve only as interim agreements until replaced by permanent peace treaties. However, it took three decades to achieve

5112-433: Was restored to working order by the end of 1944. Many other factories and facilities were also rebuilt. Between 1944 and 1954, Babruysk served as an administrative center of Babruysk Voblast . The population recovered swiftly as well. In 1959 it was 96,000, in 1965 – 116,000, in 1968 – 122,500, in 1970 – 136,000 and by 1989, 232,000 people were living in Babruysk. This was mostly due to urbanization, where people moved into

5184-542: Was signed on 20 July 1949. Syria withdrew its forces from most of the territories it controlled west of the international border, which became demilitarized zones . The territory retained by Syria that lay west of the 1923 Palestinian Mandate border and which had been allocated to the Jewish state under the UN partition plan comprised 66 square kilometers in the Jordan Valley. These territories were designated demilitarized zones (DMZs) and remained under Syrian control. It

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