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33-491: The origin of the name "Yigo" is contested. Some state that it is derived from the Spanish word yugo , meaning " yoke ". However, some sources refer to the area as Asyigo , meaning "the home of the person Yigo." Any record of such a person has been lost. Before contact with Europeans, Yigo had a large number of villages. Latte stone structure remnants around Mount Santa Rosa and Mataguac indicate significant populations. During

66-421: A CDP have no legal status and may not always correspond with the local understanding of the area or community with the same name. However, criteria established for the 2010 census require that a CDP name "be one that is recognized and used in daily communication by the residents of the community" (not "a name developed solely for planning or other purposes") and recommend that a CDP's boundaries be mapped based on

99-404: A load when working in pairs, as oxen usually do; some yokes are fitted to individual animals. There are several types of yoke, used in different cultures, and for different types of oxen. A pair of oxen may be called a yoke of oxen , and yoke is also a verb, as in "to yoke a pair of oxen". Other animals that may be yoked include horses , mules , donkeys , and water buffalo . The word "yoke"

132-455: A population of at least 10,000. For the 1970 Census , the population threshold for "unincorporated places" in urbanized areas was reduced to 5,000. For the 1980 Census , the designation was changed to "census designated places" and the designation was made available for places inside urbanized areas in New England. For the 1990 Census , the population threshold for CDPs in urbanized areas

165-496: Is a shaped wooden crosspiece bound to the necks of a pair of oxen (or occasionally to horses). It is held on the animals' necks by an oxbow , from which it gets its name. The oxbow is usually U-shaped and also transmits force from the animals' shoulders. A swivel between the animals, beneath the centre of the yoke, attaches to the pole of a vehicle or to chains ( traces ) used to drag a load. Bow yokes are traditional in Europe , and in

198-520: Is believed to derive from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm (yoke), from root * yewg - (join, unite), and is thus cognate with yoga . This root has descendants in almost all known Indo-European languages including German Joch , Latin iugum , Ancient Greek ζυγόν ( zygon ), Persian یوغ ( yuğ ), Sanskrit युग ( yugá ), Hittite 𒄿𒌑𒃷 (iúkan), Old Church Slavonic иго ( igo ), Lithuanian jungas , Old Irish cuing , and Armenian լուծ ( luts ), all meaning "yoke". A bow yoke / ˈ b oʊ /

231-461: Is the island's sole DoDEA high school. The U.S. Census Bureau has the municipality in multiple census-designated places : Andersen Air Force Base , Anao, Chaguian, Mataguac, North Gayinero, and South Gayinero. 13°32′04″N 144°53′08″E  /  13.53444°N 144.88556°E  / 13.53444; 144.88556 Yoke A yoke is a wooden beam used between a pair of oxen or other animals to enable them to pull together on

264-462: Is then raised between them and a backing bolt is dropped into the chains on the yoke irons in order to haul the wagon. Head yokes are used in southern Europe, much of South America and in Canada . A withers yoke is a yoke that fits just in front of the withers , or the shoulder blades, of the oxen. The yoke is held in position by straps, either alone or with a pair of wooden staves on either side of

297-700: Is used, various lengths of yoke may be required for different agricultural implements or to adjust to different crop-row spacings. A yoke may be used with a single animal. Oxen are normally worked in pairs, but water buffalo in Asian countries are commonly used singly, with the aid of a bow-shaped withers yoke. Use of single bow or withers yokes on oxen is documented from North America, China, Zimbabwe, Tanzania and Switzerland, and several designs of single head or forehead yoke are recorded in Germany. The yoke has connotations of subservience and toiling; in some ancient cultures it

330-643: The 1890 Census , in which the Census mixed unincorporated places with incorporated places in its products with "town" or "village" as its label. This made it confusing to determine which of the "towns" were or were not incorporated. The 1900 through 1930 Censuses did not report data for unincorporated places. For the 1940 Census , the Census Bureau compiled a separate report of unofficial, unincorporated communities of 500 or more people. The Census Bureau officially defined this category as "unincorporated places" in

363-455: The 1950 Census and used that term through the 1970 Census. For the 1950 Census, these types of places were identified only outside " urbanized areas ". In 1960 , the Census Bureau also identified unincorporated places inside urbanized areas (except in New England , whose political geography is based on the New England town , and is distinctly different from other areas of the U.S.), but with

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396-519: The Mexico–United States border , and unincorporated resort and retirement communities and their environs. The boundaries of any CDP may change from decade to decade, and the Census Bureau may de-establish a CDP after a period of study, then re-establish it some decades later. Most unincorporated areas within the United States are not and have not been included in any CDP. The boundaries of

429-566: The Spanish-Chamorro Wars of the late seventeenth century, settlements in Yigo included Hanom , Tarague , Hinapsan , and Upi (now Northwest Field ). Hanom, in particular, was a critical refuge because of its freshwater spring. The August 1679 defeat of the CHamorus at Hanom by a force of Spaniards and their allies from Nisihan led by José de Quiroga y Losada was one of the fiercest battles of

462-471: The United States , Australia , and Africa . A head yoke fits onto the head of the oxen. It usually fits behind the horns , and has carved-out sections into which the horns fit; it may be a single beam attached to both oxen, or each ox may have a separate short beam. The yoke is then strapped to the horns of the oxen with yoke straps. Some types fit instead onto the front of the head, again strapped to

495-492: The animals' horns as they grow; unlike other types, a single-beam head yoke fixes the heads of the oxen apart, helping them to stand quietly without fighting. A single-beam head yoke may offer better braking ability on downhill grades and appears to be preferred in rugged mountainous areas such as Switzerland, Spain and parts of Italy. Bow yokes need to be the correct size for the animal, and new ones are often made as an animal grows, but they need no adjustment in use. Whichever type

528-484: The boundaries for CDPs. The PSAP was to be offered to county and municipal planning agencies during 2008. The boundaries of such places may be defined in cooperation with local or tribal officials, but are not fixed, and do not affect the status of local government or incorporation; the territories thus defined are strictly statistical entities. CDP boundaries may change from one census to the next to reflect changes in settlement patterns. Further, as statistical entities,

561-465: The boundaries of the CDP may not correspond with local understanding of the area with the same name. Recognized communities may be divided into two or more CDPs while on the other hand, two or more communities may be combined into one CDP. A CDP may also cover the unincorporated part of a named community, where the rest lies within an incorporated place. By defining an area as a CDP, that locality then appears in

594-599: The conflict. Following the subjugation of the CHamoru, the much reduced population was relocated to six villages centered on churches in the center and south of the island. Northern areas, including Yigo, were open to hunters and fishermen but not settlement. In the early nineteenth century, wealthy residents of Hagåtña began purchasing fertile land in Yigo for agricultural uses. The area became known for producing cocoa beans , used to make hot chocolate for Hagåtña residents, as well as coffee , avocado , citrus , and copra . Upi

627-518: The counterparts of incorporated places , such as self-governing cities , towns , and villages , for the purposes of gathering and correlating statistical data. CDPs are populated areas that generally include one officially designated but currently unincorporated community, for which the CDP is named, plus surrounding inhabited countryside of varying dimensions and, occasionally, other, smaller unincorporated communities as well. CDPs include small rural communities, edge cities , colonias located along

660-788: The geographic extent associated with inhabitants' regular use of the named place. There is no provision, however, that this name recognition be unanimous for all residents, or that all residents use the community for which the CDP is named for services provided therein. There is no mandatory correlation between CDP names or boundaries and those established for other human purposes, such as post office names or zones, political precincts, or school districts. The Census Bureau states that census-designated places are not considered incorporated places and that it includes only census-designated places in its city population list for Hawaii because that state has no incorporated cities. In addition, census city lists from 2007 included Arlington County, Virginia 's CDP in

693-401: The horns, and ox pads are then used for cushioning the forehead of the ox (see picture). A tug pole is held to the bottom of the yoke using yoke irons and chains. The tug pole can either be a short pole with a chain attached for hauling, or a long pole with a hook on the end that has no chain at all. Sometimes the pole is attached to a wagon and the oxen are simply backed over this pole, the pole

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726-571: The island. The final battle between Japanese and American forces during the Battle of Guam occurred in Yigo on August 7 and 8, 1944, resulting in the destruction of the chapel and many homes. The South Pacific Memorial Peace Park was built by the Japanese Government and is dedicated to the many Japanese and American soldiers who died in the battle of Guam. Following the war, the population of Yigo soared, first as it accommodated displaced persons from

759-621: The large proportion of land owned by the federal government". Yigo, served by the Guam Department of Education , has several kindergarten through 5th grade elementary schools: Simon Sanchez became a high school in 1982. The first graduating class graduated in May 1983. In regards to the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA), Yigo is in the school transportation zone for Andersen Elementary and Andersen Middle School, while Guam High School

792-543: The list with the incorporated places, but since 2010, only the Urban Honolulu CDP, Hawaii, representing the historic core of Honolulu, Hawaii , is shown in the city and town estimates. The Census Bureau reported data for some unincorporated places as early as the first census in 1790 (for example, Louisville, Kentucky , which was not legally incorporated in Kentucky until 1828), though usage continued to develop through

825-575: The metaphor but in the context of romance. In the 20th century, the yoke and arrows became a political symbol of the Falange political movement in Spain. Census-designated places A census-designated place ( CDP ) is a concentration of population defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only. CDPs have been used in each decennial census since 1980 as

858-570: The ox's withers; the pull is however from the yoke itself, not from the staves. Withers yokes particularly suit zebu cattle, which have high humps on their withers. Withers yokes are widely used in Africa and India , where zebu cattle are common. Although all three yoke types are effective, each has its advantages and disadvantages. As noted above, withers yokes suit zebu cattle, and head yokes can of course only be used for animals with suitable horns. Head yokes need to be re-shaped frequently to fit

891-457: The same category of census data as incorporated places. This distinguishes CDPs from other census classifications, such as minor civil divisions (MCDs), which are in a separate category. The population and demographics of the CDP are included in the data of county subdivisions containing the CDP. Generally, a CDP shall not be defined within the boundaries of what the Census Bureau regards to be an incorporated city, village or borough. However,

924-486: The south and then non-Chamorus who moved to Guam. The economy reoriented from agriculture towards the presence of Andersen Air Force Base and the population continued to grow with the construction of housing subdivisions throughout the village. The Federal government of the United States owns portions of the land in Yigo; the Government of Guam stated that it was one of several villages that are "characterized primarily by

957-598: The state of being linked or chained together by contract or marriage, similar to a pair of oxen. This sense is also the source of the word yoga , as linking with the divine. The yoke is frequently used metaphorically in the Bible , first in Genesis regarding Esau . In the Ancient Greek play The Persians by Aeschylus (5th century BC) it also makes an appearance. The 1st century BC Roman poets Catullus and Horace also used

990-538: Was an important center of cattle ranching, while copra plantations were located along the northern coast, in particular. Following the Spanish–American War and beginning of the American administration, some Chamorus began to permanently settle in the north. The first elementary school in the area opened in 1912 and, in 1919, the U.S. administration authorized 25-year land use permits in Yigo. Our Lady of Lourdes Chapel

1023-478: Was constructed in 1920; previously, Yigo residents journeyed to Hagåtña for mass. The first village store was started in 1925. However, by 1940, Yigo remained sparsely population with about 40 families. During the Japanese occupation of Guam from 1941 to 1944, some Hagåtña residents moved to Yigo to get away from the occupying Japanese force. The village was the site of a concentration camp during Japanese occupation of

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1056-477: Was reduced to 2,500. From 1950 through 1990, the Census Bureau specified other population requirements for unincorporated places or CDPs in Alaska , Puerto Rico , island areas, and Native American reservations . Minimum population criteria for CDPs were dropped with the 2000 Census . The Census Bureau's Participant Statistical Areas Program (PSAP) allows designated participants to review and suggest modifications to

1089-553: Was traditional to force a vanquished enemy to pass beneath a symbolic yoke of spears or swords. The yoke may be a metaphor for something oppressive or burdensome, such as feudalism , imperialism , corvée , tribute , or conscription , as in the expressions the " Norman Yoke " (in England), the " Tatar Yoke " (in Russia), or the " Turkish Yoke " (in the Balkans). The metaphor can also refer to

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