116-527: YesCymru is a non party-political campaign for an independent Wales . The organisation was formed in summer 2014 and officially launched on 20 February 2016 in Cardiff . In 2022 it became a private company limited by guarantee without share capital. YesCymru was set up in the summer of 2014 by several activists including Iestyn ap Rhobert, Siôn Jobbins and Hedd Gwynfor, who were inspired by campaigners in Scotland in
232-457: A referendum on Welsh independence within the next five years with 31% supporting, and in March 2023, support for independence dropped to its lowest level since 2019 at 18%; the drop was potentially attributed to the prospect of a Labour UK Government. The only king to unite Wales was Gruffydd ap Llywelyn , who ruled as King of Wales from about 1057 until his death in 1063. Fourteen years later
348-450: A "power grab" and "potentially devolution's breaking point", and called for a referendum to be held in order to protect the Senedd's powers. In response, First Minister Mark Drakeford stated that in order for a referendum to be held, a pro-referendum party would have to win the most seats in an election. Labour for an Independent Wales, which is a group of Labour Party members who "believe
464-624: A Welsh prayer book. The march for home rule in Wales began with the movement for disestablishing the Anglican church in Wales , and the first step towards this was the Sunday Closing (Wales) Act 1881 . This was the first legislation to acknowledge that Wales had a separate politico-legal character from the rest of the English state. Although the majority of people in Wales belonged to nonconformist chapels,
580-472: A bathroom designated for males even though the person identifies as female. The experience of being misgendered is common for all transgender people before they transition, and for many afterwards as well. Transgender people are regularly misgendered by doctors, police, media, and peers, experiences that have been described as "mortifying", cruel, and "only making our lives harder". A 2018 study of 129 transgender and other gender-expansive youth published in
696-644: A central Government in the way that older generations may have: "If you're 50 years or younger, then Westminster hasn't given you anything. If you [were] born in the 40s or 50s you may well have benefited from social housing, free education, free health, full employment, dole money if you're unemployed in the 70s, or even in the 80s." Marta Bona wrote in Vice that "[a]fter a decade of feeling roundly unrepresented by what they see in Westminster, it's easy to understand why, for so many young Welsh voters, independence might feel like
812-510: A check-up, "being transgender created a problem" for them. Additionally, a study of 223 healthcare providers indicated a correlation between transphobia and decreased performance on survey questions regarding the treatment of transgender patients, with no significant correlation to the amount of time spent learning about transgender health, leading researchers to state that "broader efforts to address transphobia in society in general, and in medical education in particular, may be required to improve
928-518: A government reflecting the votes of a Welsh electorate. The Tryweryn flooding which was voted against by almost every single Welsh MP, suggested that Wales as a nation was powerless. The Epynt clearance in 1940 has also been described as a "significant – but often overlooked – chapter in the history of Wales". On 1 July 1955, a conference of all parties was called at Llandrindod by the New Wales Union ( Welsh : Undeb Cymru Fydd ) to consider
1044-781: A high risk of experiencing sexual violence throughout their lifetimes, and while reported rates vary considerably among studies for methodological and other reasons, the most common finding is that around 50% of transgender people have been sexually assaulted. A meta-analysis on the rates of intimate partner violence found that transgender individuals are 66% more likely to experience violence of some kind from an intimate partner than cisgender subjects, and more than twice as likely to experience both sexual and physical intimate partner violence than their cisgender peers. Perpetrators of physical violence against transgender people are reported to have been influenced by negative attitudes against transgender people, many of whom do not report their assault to
1160-584: A home ruled Wales could be a "modern utopia". Support was widespread in Wales and some Welsh media felt it was imminent. Liberal Joseph Chamberlain also proposed "Home Rule All Round" for all nations of the United Kingdom, but after the formation of the Irish Free State in 1922, "home rule all round" lost support. In 1925 Plaid Genedlaethol Cymru ("the National Party of Wales") was founded; it
1276-412: A law which had, among other measures, banned gender-affirming healthcare for all transgender people regardless of age and had also banned them from adopting children. Transgender people also face the denial of right of asylum or inhuman treatment in process of asylum-seeking. Within the school system, many transgender teens are harassed and mistreated with reported negative effects on both victim and
SECTION 10
#17330847756971392-617: A motion for Welsh ministers to seek permission from Westminster for the right of the Senedd to legislate for a Welsh independence referendum. The members of Senedd rejected this motion by 43 votes to 9. This was the first time in history that Welsh independence was debated in the Senedd. On 11 December 2020, Plaid Cymru leader Adam Price stated that if his party won a majority at the 2021 Senedd election , an independence referendum would be held in its first term in office. At Plaid's special conference on independence, held on 13 February 2021, party members formally approved Price's pledge to hold
1508-547: A national petition for a Parliament for Wales . The main leaders were Megan Lloyd George , the daughter of David Lloyd George, T. I. Ellis, and Sir Ifan ab Owen Edwards . According to the historian W. R. P. George , "Megan was responsible for removing much prejudice against the idea of a parliament for Wales". She later presented the petition with 250,000 signatures to the British government in April 1956. The declaration of Cardiff as
1624-449: A national debate on Welsh independence. In July 2020, Plaid brought forward a motion to discuss a referendum on Welsh independence, but it was rejected by 43 votes to 9. On 24 October 2020, Wales Green Party members voted at their party conference that the party would support Welsh independence in the event of a referendum being held on whether or not Wales should become independent from the United Kingdom. In July 2020, Plaid Cymru tabled
1740-466: A new equality under the law. The Wales and Berwick Act defined "England" to include Wales in 1746, but the Welsh Language Act 1967 , partly repealed this with the term " England and Wales ". The modern Welsh independence movement emerged during the mid-19th century, as did a movement for " home rule ". Since 1999, Wales has been granted some legislative power as part of Welsh devolution from
1856-547: A paid full-time Chief Executive Officer, Gwern Gwynfil Evans, and a new Head of Communications, Campaigns and Membership Carwen Davies. On 2 July 2022, YesCymru, along with All Under One Banner Cymru and IndyFest Wrexham, participated in the first in-person protest for Welsh independence since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, in Wrexham . Around 6,000 protestors took part, including a musical performance given by Dafydd Iwan and
1972-480: A patient might harm their practice, or Tyra Hunter , who was involved in an automobile accident; when rescue workers discovered she was transgender, they backed away and stopped administering treatment. She later died in a hospital. In many European countries, laws require that any transgender person who wishes to change their legal gender must first be sterilized . Sweden repealed its law in December 2012, and
2088-413: A person are using the wrong pronouns to describe someone, calling a person "ma'am" or "sir" in contradiction to the person's gender identity, using a person's previous, pre-transition name for them in place of their current name ("deadnaming"), or insisting that a person must adhere to the norms of their sex assigned at birth rather than the ones that align with their gender identity; for example, using
2204-573: A pre-recorded speech by Mary Lou McDonald , Irish Leader of the Opposition and Sinn Féin leader. A further independence march was held in Cardiff on 1 October, where nearly 10,000 people took to the streets of the capital. There were speeches and performances from a number of high-profile Welsh figures including Julian Lewis Jones , who plays Boremund Baratheon in the Game of Thrones prequel House of
2320-883: A range of cultural contexts, frequently report that transphobic violence is expressed in homophobic terms." According to the American Psychological Association , transgender children are more likely than other children to experience harassment and violence in school, foster care, residential treatment centers, homeless centers, and juvenile justice programs. Researchers say trans youth routinely experience taunting, teasing and bullying at school, and that nearly all trans youth say they were verbally or physically harassed in school, particularly during gym class, at school events, or when using single-sex restrooms. Three-quarters report having felt unsafe. As adults, transgender people are frequently subjected to ridicule, taunting, and threats of violence, even when just walking down
2436-713: A referendum in or before 2026. In addition to Plaid, three other parties—the Wales Green Party, Gwlad and Propel —stood on a pro-independence platform at the Senedd election. In the 2021 Senedd Election, of 60 seats, Plaid Cymru won 5 Constituency and 8 regional. Gwlad and Propel both won 0. In June 2022, the UK government announced its intention to repeal the Welsh Government's Trade Union (Wales) Act 2017 , which bans agency staff from being used if public sector workers go on strike. Plaid Cymru's Adam Price called this
SECTION 20
#17330847756972552-553: A referendum. The seven most recent polls have found that when looking at support among voters (by excluding answers of 'don't know') support for Welsh independence is between 29% and 33%. YesCymru's membership and media prominence both increased during the COVID-19 pandemic . It claimed that its membership doubled from 2,500 to 5,000 over just two months in spring 2020. The organisation had a further increase of around 3,000 members over three days in late October 2020; this rise coincided with
2668-438: A relative degree of success," he said. Jobbins also put it down to disillusionment with the Westminster establishment: "The fact that Wales has been subject to a Tory government in Westminster for the past 10 years when it has continuously voted Labour has underpinned some of that frustration". On 9 March 2021, YesCymru announced that it had reached 18,000 members. According to Owen Worth, Lecturer of International Relations at
2784-487: A top-down one. We don't have a lot of policies we expect members to subscribe to. Instead we want to discuss the practicalities of Wales as an independent country – what that would mean." He resigned as chairman in October 2018 after proposed changes to the group's constitution were blocked by members; he was later replaced by Jobbins, who was the chair between 2017 and July 2021, who stepped down over health concerns. When asked by
2900-448: A unique and nonoverlapping set of attributes, aptitudes, abilities, and desires". She contrasts this against the belief that males and masculinity are superior to females and femininity along with people's insecurities about gender and gender norms, which she calls "traditional sexism". Other transgender rights authors argue that a significant part of the oppositional sexist origin of transphobia and violence towards transsexual people
3016-547: A video posted to Truth Social on 31 January 2023, that "the left-wing gender insanity being pushed at our children is an act of child abuse" and that if re-elected, he would pass numerous laws significantly limiting gender-affirming care for minors. One study on Twitter found that use of the term " groomer " in tweets spiked on multiple occasions, including the passing of the Florida Parental Rights in Education Act ,
3132-410: A year-long programme of discussions on the subject of Welsh independence and their first live campaign since before the pandemic. A spokesperson for YesCymru described Yestival as a "festival of digital engagement with groups representing thousands of existing and non-members" which is specifically designed to "continue shaping plans for a stronger and fairer Wales as an independent, neighbouring nation of
3248-471: Is a member of the family of terms used when intolerance and discrimination is directed toward LGBT people. Transphobia is not a phobia as defined in clinical psychology (i.e., an anxiety disorder ). Its meaning and usage parallels xenophobia . The noun transphobe denotes someone who harbors transphobia. The adjectival form transphobic may be used to describe a transphobe or their actions. The words transphobia and transphobic were added to
3364-634: Is a term similar to transphobia, and refers to the negative valuing, stereotyping, and discriminatory treatment of individuals whose appearance or identity does not conform to current social expectations or conventional conceptions of gender. Transgender people are often excluded from entitlements or privileges reserved for cisgender people of the same gender: for example, it is common for transgender women to be stopped or questioned when they use public bathrooms designated for women. Homeless shelters , hospitals and prisons have denied trans women admission to women's areas and forced them to sleep and bathe in
3480-1047: Is a type of prejudice and discrimination , similar to racism , sexism , or ableism , and it is closely associated with homophobia . People of color who are transgender experience discrimination above and beyond that which can be explained as a simple combination of transphobia and racism. Transgender youth often experience a combination of abuse from family members , sexual harassment , and bullying or school violence . They are also disproportionately placed in foster care and welfare programs compared to their peers. Adult transgender people regularly encounter sexual violence , police violence , public ridicule , misgendering, or other forms of violence and harassment in their daily lives. These issues cause many trans people to feel unsafe in public. Other issues include healthcare discrimination , workplace discrimination or feeling under siege by conservative political or religious groups who oppose LGBT-rights laws . Discrimination and violence sometimes originates from people within
3596-488: Is an extension of homophobia and misogyny . She argues that transgender people, like gays and lesbians, are hated and feared for challenging and undermining gender norms and the gender binary , and the "male-to-female transgender incites transphobia through her implicit challenge to the binary division of gender upon which male cultural and political hegemony depends". Drawing on theory of radicalization , Craig McLean argues that discourse on transgender-related issues in
YesCymru - Misplaced Pages Continue
3712-445: Is and how it is determined are significantly linked to transphobia and support for anti-transgender policies. The authors argue that this pattern is consistent with theories that transphobia is rooted in a hierarchical social classification system where low-status groups (e.g., females) view the hierarchy in less essentialist ways than high-status groups (e.g., males). Transgender author and critic Jody Norton believes that transphobia
3828-540: Is determined solely by a biological sex of male or female (or, in the case of cisgenderism, a bivalent male or female expression), and that trans people are inferior to cisgender people. Cisgender privilege is the set of "unearned rights afforded to nontransgender people by virtue of the fact that they are not transgender", such as access to gender-segregated spaces and teams, lower exposure to gender-based violence, and easier access to gender-specific healthcare. Harassment and violence directed against transgender people
3944-448: Is generally underreported, and school officials may even participate in transphobic name-calling or victim-blaming . Additionally, administrative practices such as misgendering students in school records can contribute to transgender students' distress in school. A study done on Canadian high school students between December 2007 and June 2009 illustrated how the LGBTQ students felt unsafe at
4060-404: Is linked to psychological claims of difference between male sexuality and female sexuality in the brain's protection mechanisms from committing sex crimes. These authors argue that the paradigm of acceptable sexual behavior that assumes men's sexual arousal is category-specific and women's sex drive is lower and more inhibited causes allegations that transsexual people have neither safety system in
4176-458: Is often called trans bashing , and can be physical, sexual or verbal. Whereas gay bashing is directed against a target's real or perceived sexual orientation , trans bashing is directed against the target's real or perceived expressed gender identity. The term has also been applied to hate speech directed at transgender people and to depictions of transgender people in the media that reinforce negative stereotypes about them. Transprejudice
4292-555: Is the political movement advocating for Wales to become a sovereign state , independent from the United Kingdom . Wales was conquered during the 13th century by Edward I of England following the killing of Llywelyn the Last , Prince of Wales. Edward introduced the royal ordinance, the Statute of Rhuddlan , in 1284, introducing English common law alongside Welsh law and custom and causing
4408-861: Is when far-right Twitter account Libs of TikTok made a series of posts spreading misinformation that Boston Children's Hospital was performing hysterectomies on minors. This led to a series of death threats and bomb threats being made against the hospital and individual physicians, and individual physicians being doxxed and harassed in person. Libs of TikTok has similarly posted about several other LGBT-themed events, such as Drag Queen Story Hours , often leading to said events receiving mass threats of violence and being canceled or postponed by organizers. The LGBT grooming conspiracy theory - claiming that LGBTQ people and allies are systematically grooming children- has been promoted online by both users and mainstream politicians such as Marjorie Taylor Greene and Lauren Boebert . Former US President Donald Trump claimed in
4524-753: The Journal of Adolescent Health , found that "for each additional social context in which a youth's chosen name was used, there was a statistically significant decrease in depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behaviors," though the study was "correlational so causality cannot be assumed, and the sample size was small." Deliberately misgendering a transgender person is considered extremely offensive by transgender individuals. A study of 81 transgender people in Philadelphia found 14% said they had been refused routine medical care because they were transgender. 18% answered 'yes' when asked if, when they went in for
4640-651: The North Wales Daily Post what the group's policies were, Jobbins said: "YesCymru is a single issue movement. Our two main aims are for international recognition which means a seat for Wales in the United Nations and for Wales to have its own written constitution. We're making the general argument for independence. We are working from all parties and none. We welcome people who have different visions as to what an independent Wales would look like in terms of policies etc." Jobbins added that he would continue to support
4756-616: The 1916 Easter Rising proving significant. The UK government considered home rule for Wales and Scotland to avoid making a special case for Ireland. In May 1918, a home rule conference for Wales was held in Llandrindod mostly attended by Liberals and a month later, "home rule all round" was in the Labour manifesto. A stance on federalising the UK was agreed by the South Wales Labour Federation and Arthur Henderson believed that
YesCymru - Misplaced Pages Continue
4872-693: The Journal of Career Development looked at 18 Latino transgender immigrants to the United States and found five themes related to these participants' experiences while seeking employment: discrimination, limited options, positive experiences, and disability benefits as financial relief. Voter identification laws in the United States often impact transgender individuals' ability to vote, since many lack photo identification with their current name and gender. Prisons frequently make no attempt to accommodate transgender individuals, assigning them to facilities using only
4988-557: The Norman invasion of Wales began, which briefly controlled much of Wales, but by 1100 Anglo-Norman control was reduced to the lowland Gwent , Glamorgan , Gower , and Pembroke , while the contested border region between the Welsh princes and Anglo-Norman barons became known as the Welsh Marches . The remaining territory was divided between native Welsh principalities. The leading principality
5104-520: The Oxford English Dictionary in 2013. It has been argued that transmisia , with the suffix -misia meaning "hatred", would be a more accurate term, because transphobia is more about hatred of than about fear of transgender people. Transfeminist theorist and author Julia Serano argues that the root of transphobia is "oppositional sexism ", i.e. the belief that male and female are "rigid, mutually exclusive categories, each possessing
5220-462: The University of Limerick , YesCymru was Britain's fastest growing political organisation in 2020. During a period of increasing support for YesCymru and independence, Sion Jobbins, chair of YesCymru, stated, "After these dark days there is a message of hope – Wales is big enough, rich enough and smart enough to make decisions for ourselves." In September 2021, Jobbins called for YesCymru to prepare for
5336-504: The Wales Act 2014 , and the Wales Act 2017 . The independence movement has been present in Wales since the mid-19th century and Plaid Cymru has also campaigned for it throughout the majority of the 20th century, since it was founded in 1925. In the 21st century, the question of Welsh independence became more prominent following increased discussion on a second Scottish independence referendum. Non-partisan pro-independence group YesCymru
5452-490: The extraordinary general meeting (EGM), an independent third party firm of accountants oversaw limited day-to-day operations of the organisation. In December 2021, YesCymru was due to hold its EGM, however, after the online voting ballots had been sent out, the organisation discovered that its membership database had not been updated in several months and that a significant number of members had seen their membership lapse without being notified or offered renewal. On 11 December,
5568-585: The 1990s. The trend is also taking shape in some developing nations . In addition, campaigns regarding the LGBT community are being spread around the world to improve social acceptance of nontraditional gender identities. The "Stop the Stigma" campaign by the UN is one such example. However, transphobic violence has been on the rise since 2021, accompanied with an increase in anti-trans discriminatory laws being enacted in many parts of
5684-570: The 2019 general election it won four seats. Following the formation of the Senedd in 1999, Plaid Cymru won 17 of 60 seats in the initial Welsh election of 1999 and 13 seats in 2021. In 1975, Plaid Cymru opposed remaining in the European Communities (EC). The party stated, at the time, that it felt that the EC's regional aid policies would "reconcile places like Wales to their subordinate position". Nevertheless, 65% of Welsh voters voted to remain in
5800-497: The Americas reflect the historical roots of transphobia. Cissexism (also termed cisgenderism, and related to but distinct from cisnormativity or cissexual assumption) is the appeal to norms that enforce the gender binary and gender essentialism , resulting in the oppression of gender variant , non-binary , and transgender identities . Cissexism refers to the assumption that, due to human sexual differentiation , one's gender
5916-507: The Church of England enjoyed legal and social privileges. This led to a widespread view that things could be done differently in Wales. David Lloyd George , MP for what was then "Carnarvon Boroughs" (which also included several other North Wales towns), was committed to the cause of disestablishment, but it was not until 1914 that the Welsh Church Act was passed, giving the Church in Wales
SECTION 50
#17330847756976032-793: The Dragon , actor and novelist Ffion Dafis , singer Eädyth Crawford and Irish comedian Tadhg Hickey , as well as the Plaid Cymru peer Dafydd Wigley . YesCymru takes no view on membership of the European Union in an independent Wales. Whilst 51.9% of the Welsh electorate voted for Brexit in the 2016 European Union referendum , many members of YesCymru appear to be pro-EU. There is also an age divide with, according to Jobbins, "around 50 per cent" of younger people in support, while "people over 65 are not supportive". He explained that younger people lack an "affinity with Westminster" and have not benefited from
6148-488: The EC in the 1975 referendum . The EC was incorporated into the European Union (EU) in 1993. In the 1950s, the deterioration of the British Empire removed a sense of Britishness and there was a realisation that Wales was not as prosperous as south-east England and smaller European countries. Successive Conservative Party victories in Westminster led to suggestions that only through self-government could Wales achieve
6264-499: The European Court of Human Rights struck down such laws in 2017. Transphobia also manifests itself in the workplace. Some transgender people lose their jobs when they begin to transition and a 1995 study from Willamette University stated that a transgender person fired for following the recommended course of treatment rarely wins it back through federal or state statutes. A survey of 392 trans women and 123 trans men conducted by
6380-486: The LGBT community or feminist movements . As well as increased risk of violence and other threats, the stress created by transphobia causes negative mental health outcomes and lead to drug use disorders , running away from home (in minors), and suicide. In much of the Western world , there has been a gradual establishment of policies combatting discrimination and supporting equal opportunity in all aspects of life since
6496-529: The National Governing Body of YesCymru. Our membership contains republicans, monarchists, and a segment who don't have a firm view either way. YesCymru reflects this by being committed to entrusting the electorate of a future independent Welsh state with the question." In May 2019 the group held the first Welsh independence march in Cardiff, in conjunction with organisers All Under One Banner Cymru . The organisers claimed as many as 3,000 people attended
6612-675: The Opposition Andrew RT Davies MS ( C ) Shadow Cabinet ( current ) Prime Minister Rt Hon Keir Starmer MP ( L ) Secretary of State for Wales Rt Hon Jo Stevens MP (L) Principal councils ( leader list ) Corporate Joint Committees Local twinning see also: Regional terms and Regional economy United Kingdom Parliament elections European Parliament elections (1979–2020) Local elections Police and crime commissioner elections Referendums Welsh independence ( Welsh : Annibyniaeth i Gymru )
6728-646: The San Francisco Department of Public Health in 1997 found that 40% of trans women surveyed had earned money from full or part-time employment over the preceding six months. For trans men, the equivalent statistic was 81%. The survey also found that 46% of trans women and 57% of trans men reported employment discrimination . A follow-up study in 1999 reported 70% of trans respondents being unemployed. A 2002 American study found that among educators, trans educators are 10–20% more likely to experience workplace harassment than their gay and lesbian colleagues. In
6844-462: The UK has been radicalized in response to the activities of what he terms the "anti-transgender movement," claiming that the movement pushes "a radical agenda to deny the basic rights of trans people (...) under the cover of 'free speech.'" Some authors have linked transphobia's origins to colonialism, arguing that gendercide against third gender people carried out during the European colonization of
6960-636: The UK parliament, and contemporary Welsh law within the English legal system . At present, the political parties Plaid Cymru , Propel , Gwlad , and the Wales Green Party support Welsh independence, as does the non-partisan YesCymru campaign group. Support for independence has increased from 14% in 2014 to its highest support of 46% in April 2021 when excluding don't knows. A YouGov poll in January 2021 found that 47% of people in Wales opposed holding
7076-684: The UK." They went on to say, "Wales' growing independence movement has to become a digital uprising." In March 2021, YesCymru announced they aimed to distribute 400,000 copies of a newspaper around Wales, with the hope of reaching an audience of 1 million people. 2022 saw two further marches, the first in Wrexham attended by around 6,000 people and the second in Cardiff said by the organisers themselves to have been attended by nearly 10,000 people. The first protest of 2023 will be held in Swansea on 20 May 2023. Some supporters of YesCymru are listed below: Following
SECTION 60
#17330847756977192-522: The US and other countries. The word transphobia is a classical compound patterned on the term homophobia . The first component is the neo-classical prefix trans- (originally meaning "across, on the far side, beyond") from transgender , and the second component -phobia comes from the Ancient Greek φόβος ( phóbos , "fear"). Along with lesbophobia , biphobia and homophobia , transphobia
7308-524: The United Kingdom have also legislated against employment discrimination on the grounds of gender identity. Sometimes, however, employers discriminate against transgender employees in spite of such legal protections. In 2000, the southern U.S. grocery chain Winn-Dixie fired long-time employee Peter Oiler, despite a history of repeatedly earning raises and promotions, after management learned that Oiler identified as transgender and occasionally cross-dressed off
7424-436: The Welsh independence following a second potential vote in a Proposed second Scottish independence referendum . He added that 'People don't want to be in a UK with no Scotland'. Jobbins stepped down as the chair on 9 July 2021 citing personal reasons and "because of [his] health". He said that he wasn't trying to make a political point but said that "with this kind of growth, expectations, responsibility, demands for results and
7540-467: The Westminster government refusing to furlough Welsh businesses for the 17-day 'firebreak' lockdown in Wales. In January 2021, YesCymru claimed to have more than 17,000 registered members. Jobbins believes that one of the reasons for such a rapid growth is the way the Welsh Government has handled the pandemic. "People have seen that Wales has been able to make its own decision and that it's done so with
7656-465: The answer." With regards to the British monarchy , YesCymru takes no position on whether Charles III would remain head of state in an independent Wales. "Cards on the table, as the saying goes. I am a committed Welsh Republican. I want to see an independent Wales and I want it to be a republic," the group's Director Ethan Jones wrote. "That said, my role is to do my best to represent North Wales members on
7772-543: The attendance at about 8,000. On 7 September 2019, a third AUOB Cymru was held in Merthyr Tydfil and attracted a crowd of 5,200. A pro-independence march organised by AUOBCymru, Indy Fest Wrexham and YesCymru took place in Wrexham on 2 July 2022, the first such march since before the pandemic. According to organisers, 6,000–8,000 were in attendance. A further march was held in Cardiff on 1 October 2022, with around 8,000 campaigners taking part. The first march of 2023
7888-623: The basis of gender identity and expression is illegal in the United States . Such discrimination is outlawed by specific legislation in the State of New Jersey and might be in other states (as it is in the states of California, Illinois, Maine, Minnesota, New Mexico and Washington) or city ordinances; additionally, it is covered by case law in some other states. (For example, Massachusetts is covered by cases such as Lie vs. Sky Publishing Co. and Jette vs. Honey Farms .) Several other states and cities prohibit such discrimination in public employment. Sweden and
8004-430: The best way to achieve a democratic socialist Wales is through independence", was formed in 2018. Welsh Labour member Harriet Protheroe-Soltani has suggested that in order for the Welsh independence movement to create a supermajority and a cross-party movement, then the support of Welsh Labour members is required. In August 2020, a YouGov poll showed that 39% of Welsh Labour voters would vote for independence "if there
8120-406: The brain and are therefore sex criminals. They argue that studies that claim to show such sex differences have flaws, such as the possibility that more men are deterred from participating in sexual arousal studies than women due to fear of being alleged to be inappropriately sexually aroused. Others have argued that hostility towards transgender identity is in part due to the challenge it poses to
8236-492: The bullying was found to be from anonymous users or people unknown to the participants, and often in the form of transphobic insults, intersectional sexist, homophobic and/or racist insults, outing their identity , threats of harm, and sexual harassment. Participants even reported transphobic cyberbullying from other transgender individuals, usually by policing or outing their identity. Online transphobia has potential to lead to real-world violence and threats. An example of this
8352-485: The candidates for all others were automatically elected. Initially the post of Chair was rotated amongst members of the Board but in March 2022 a permanent new Chair was appointed, Elfed Williams. Later that year, the organisation posted a job advertisement for a paid full-time Chief Executive Officer as part of its move towards professionalisation. In September 2022, for the first time, the organisation announced it would appoint
8468-562: The capital of Wales in 1955, the Labour Party 's 1959 commitment to appoint a Secretary of State for Wales , the creation of the Welsh Office in 1965, and the repeal of the Wales and Berwick Act 1746 two years later seemed to demonstrate a growing nationalist impetus. However, the heavy defeat for a proposed Welsh Assembly offered by Labour in the 1979 devolution referendum "suggested that
8584-572: The cause of Welsh independence than my late father. The prospect of being attached to a leftover English rump of the UK, if Scotland and Northern Ireland head off, seems bleak to many people. And having argued against pooling sovereignty with our neighbours to facilitate trade and maximise our influence, Brexiteers should not be surprised if the same logic is applied in a different setting." Likewise, according to Martin Johnes, Professor of Modern History at Swansea University : "For so many [Welsh] voters, Brexit
8700-425: The central committee controversy in summer 2021, Ifan Morgan Jones argued that YesCymru needed to professionalise, saying that "if the election had been run in a way that encouraged the greatest turnout possible, no one would have credibly been able to complain of entryism or stolen elections" and calling for the organisation to hire full-time administrative staff. Former central committee member Huw Marshall argued that
8816-900: The chair of LGBTQ+ YesCymru, has argued that the organisation had refused to "stamp down on transphobic and queerphobic rhetoric," leading to a significant number of queer members quitting the organisation. Conservative MP David Davies has criticised the organisation for its stickering campaigning, accusing the group of posting stickers illegally "all over signs and buildings in Wales". Welsh independence Charles III Heir Apparent William, Prince of Wales First Minister ( list ) Rt Hon Eluned Morgan MS ( L ) Deputy First Minister Huw Irranca-Davies MS ( L ) Counsel General-designate – Elisabeth Jones Chief Whip and Trefnydd – Jane Hutt MS (L) Permanent Secretary Sixth Senedd Llywydd (Presiding Officer) Elin Jones MS ( PC ) Leader of
8932-425: The controversy had arisen "all because a small section on Twitter had taken umbrage that one person had been suspended from the central committee for having questionable views on the trans community" and saying that the organisation had failed to create "a professional structure staffed by competent individuals with the required skills to lead campaigns and make a positive case for Welsh independence." Emrys Price-Jones,
9048-489: The criteria of genitalia, which is believed to contribute to the pervasiveness of prison rape with regards to transgender women. Prison staff have been noted to frequently deny trans women privileges disproportionately, and the Eighth Amendment right for an individual not to be given cruel or unusual punishment has historically not been liberally enforced in cases involving transgender inmates. In July 2023, Russia enacted
9164-608: The event and speakers included Plaid Cymru leader Adam Price , performer Carys Eleri, and Ben Gwalchmai of Labour 4 Indy Wales. A second march was held in Caernarfon in July 2019, where organisers claimed 10,000 people gathered at Y Maes. Speakers included Dafydd Iwan and Hardeep Singh Kohli . A third march took place in Merthyr Tydfil in September 2019. Organisers claimed 5,300 attended
9280-635: The freedom to govern its own affairs. The Act came into effect from 1920. In response to the Irish demand for "home rule" , Liberal prime minister of the UK, William Gladstone proposed two bills on home rule for Ireland in 1886 and 1893 , which both failed. In the same year, the Cymru Fydd ("Young Wales") movement was founded to further the cause. The main leaders were David Lloyd George , J. E. Lloyd , O. M. Edwards , T. E. Ellis (leader, MP for Merioneth , 1886–1899) and Beriah Gwynfe Evans . Their goal
9396-402: The hiring process, discrimination may be either open or covert, with employers sometimes finding other ostensible reasons to not hire a candidate. Additionally, when an employer fires a transgender employee, it may be a "mixed motive" case, with the employer openly citing obvious wrongdoing or job performance issues while keeping silent in regards to transphobia. Employment discrimination on
9512-671: The idea that gender is based on observable physical and behavioral characteristics determined at birth. Rad and colleagues surveyed a sample of 1323 American adults, asking them to identify the gender of transgender people who medically transitioned , finding that the type of transition procedure mattered but its direction did not. Specifically, biological changes resulted in the target being more identified with their self-identified gender than their birth-assigned gender, but there were no significant differences between male-to-female and female-to-male transitions. Moreover, compared to male test subjects, female test subjects were more likely to identify
9628-657: The initial revolts, until his capture by English forces and became the first person to be Hanged, drawn and quartered for high treason. A cadet member of the House of Aberffraw, Madog ap Llywelyn would lead another nationwide revolt in 1294–1295 with another nobleman, Llywelyn Bren revolting in 1316. While fighting with the French in the Hundred Years' War , Owain Lawgoch also made a number of attempts to create an independent Wales with
9744-417: The job. Management argued that this hurt Winn-Dixie's corporate image. The American Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit against Winn-Dixie on behalf of Oiler, but a judge dismissed it. Transgender people facing employment discrimination may turn to sex work to survive , placing them at additional risk of encountering troubles with the law, including arrest and criminal prosecution, workplace violence,
9860-431: The lead-up to the 2014 Scottish independence referendum . They saw how local pro-independence groups were started across Scotland and were convinced that was the best way forward for Welsh independence as well. The official launch of YesCymru took place in Cardiff on 20 February 2016, with former Plaid Cymru chairman John Dixon in attendance. Iestyn told WalesOnline , "YesCymru is a bottom-up organisation rather than
9976-567: The most viewed anti-LGBT tweets between January and July 2022. The acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk has led to a significant increase in hate speech , especially in terms of anti-LGBTQ content. Following Musk's takeover, tweets linking LGBT people to grooming rose by 119%, and retweets and mentions of right-wing figures' anti-LGBT tweets increased by over 1200%. Under Elon Musk , Twitter has also relaxed transgender hate speech policies , such as misgendering. GLAAD described Twitter as "the most dangerous platform for LGBTQ people ", ranking
10092-512: The need for structural changes within our organisation have become apparent". Sarah Rees the vice chair became the interim chair. In summer 2021, six members of the central committee resigned over leadership and direction, in addition to a bitter debate around alleged transphobia in YesCymru. Sarah Rees told the BBC that members needed to be "respectful to everyone's views". Further to this she said "one of
10208-477: The organisation and that vice chair Sarah Rees would take over. Polls in 2014 suggested that support for Welsh independence was around 14% of voters. A poll performed in November 2020 found that when looking at those who would vote, 33% would vote Yes to Welsh independence. January 2021's Welsh Political Barometer poll for ITV Wales and Cardiff University suggested 29% of voters would vote 'Yes' to independence in
10324-552: The organisation revealed that its membership was now around 9,000 active members. In response to legal advice, the organisation further announced that it would be delaying voting for the EGM until 15 December, in order to send renewal emails to those whose memberships had lapsed. In January 2022, the organisation held elections to fill the new National Governing Body (NGB). Only the Mid and West Wales region saw more than three candidates run, as such
10440-592: The organisation. However, during the meeting, an advisory vote of no confidence in the central committee took place. The vote originally proved controversial, with a number of local groups being accused of failing to consult their members before voting against the central committee. In mid-August, all remaining members of the central committee resigned. In a statement, the committee said that "harassment directed towards Central Committee members, that goes far beyond social media posts, has taken an incredible toll on mental wellbeing and can no longer be tolerated." Between then and
10556-469: The police, and the abuse can occur at each developmental stage in life. As homophobia and transphobia are correlated, many trans people experience homophobia and heterosexism due to people who associate trans people's gender identity with homosexuality , or because trans people may also have a sexual orientation that is non-heterosexual . Author Thomas Spijkerboer [ Wikidata ] stated that "transgender people subjected to violence, in
10672-461: The police. In the United States, the available homicide data suggests that transgender people are murdered at a lower rate than cisgender people. However, young Black and Latina trans women appear to be at greater risk of homicide than their cisgender peers. Misgendering is the act of labelling or referring to others with a gender that does not match their gender identity. Misgendering can be deliberate or accidental; common examples of misgendering
10788-626: The presence of men. The stigma against transgender people often results in physical violence or bodily harm, sexual violence or assault, and verbal or emotional abuse. Transgender individuals are at increased risk for experiencing aggression and violence throughout their life when compared to cisgender individuals, especially when it comes to sexual violence. Other kinds of abuse include bullying , harassment , and multiple forms of discrimination . Abuse against transgender people can come from many different sources, including family and friends, partners, co-workers and acquaintances, strangers, and
10904-528: The quality of medical care for [transgender and gender diverse] patients." In the United States–based National Center For Transgender Equality 's 2011 survey, 19% of respondents reported being refused medical care due to their transgender or gender non-conforming status, such as Robert Eads , who died of ovarian cancer after being refused treatment by more than two dozen doctors due to fears that taking him on as
11020-403: The rally where speakers included Eddie Butler , Neville Southall , and Kizzy Crawford . Further marches planned for 2020 in Wrexham, Tredegar and Swansea were postponed due to the COVID-19 outbreak . In January 2020, the organisation was in part behind the push to get the song " Yma O Hyd " by Dafydd Iwan ac ar Log to the top of the iTunes Charts. In March 2021, YesCymru launched Yestival,
11136-687: The recently established Welsh principality to be incorporated into the Kingdom of England . Owain Glyndŵr restored Welsh independence c. 1400–10 , but Henry IV of England put down the revolt . Henry VIII of England introduced the Laws in Wales Acts between 1535 and 1542 , English law replaced Cyfraith Hywel (Welsh medieval law), and the Welsh principality and Marches were integrated into England . and Wales gained representation in parliament and
11252-617: The respondents reported feeling unsafe in public because they were transgender, with 19% feeling uncomfortable for the same reason. When asked if they had ever been forced to have sex, experienced violence in their home, or been physically abused, the majority answered yes to each question. In 2009, researcher Rebecca L. Stotzer published an article in Aggression and Violent Behavior that compiled information from numerous studies reporting violence against transgender people, describing it as "shockingly common" and noting that transgender people have
11368-495: The risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV . Lack of employment has also resulted in the transgender community resorting to illegal means of earning money such as drug-dealing. A study conducted by Anneliese Singh and Vel McKleroy on transgender people of color revealed that difficulty finding a job or losing a job due to transphobia resulted in some respondents living in crime-ridden neighborhoods and getting involved in abusive relationships. A 2021 study in
11484-1056: The school and were exposed to insults and discrimination by their peers and sometimes even by their teachers. Even heterosexual students and teachers fear attack by transphobia on account of supporting or having a transgender friend or family member. Online transphobia remains a growing problem across various online spaces. A study by Brandwatch analyzing over ten million posts in transgender-related discussions on various social media platforms between 2015 and 2019 found over 1.5 million transphobic posts. These posts varied from promoting transphobic sentiment to advocating for anti-transgender violence and genocide . Transgender people are often victims of online harassment and experience higher reported levels of online harassment compared to their cisgender heterosexual counterparts. One study on transphobic cyberbullying by Evelyn et al. found that participants most frequently reported being bullied on social media platforms, alongside frequently reporting bullying in online video games and dating apps . Most of
11600-415: The school's population in general. Transgender youth frequently report fear and anxiety about using restrooms and locker rooms at school because of harassment by both peers and adults when using them. Over 80% of transgender teens report feeling unsafe in a school environment, more than 40% report having been physically abused, and over 65% report being bullied online or via social media. Such discrimination
11716-503: The signing into law of said act, and Twitter posting a statement that tweets calling transgender or nonbinary people "groomers" violates its hate speech policy. Despite Twitter's prior public stance against transphobia and homophobia on its platform, the company was criticized by organizations such as the Human Rights Campaign for being inefficient. One audit by the organization found that Twitter failed to act on 99 out of 100 of
11832-411: The street or walking into a store. A U.S. survey of 402 older, employed, high-income transgender people found that 60% reported violence or harassment because of their gender identity. Among other things, 56% of the respondents reported being harassed or verbally abused, 30% reported being assaulted, and 8% reported unjustified arrest. A study of 81 transgender people in Philadelphia found that 30% of
11948-618: The support of France in the 1370s. The most significant revolt against English rule was the Glyndŵr Rising of 1400–1415, which briefly restored Welsh independence. Owain Glyndŵr held the first Welsh parliament ( Senedd ) in Machynlleth in 1404 where he was proclaimed Prince of Wales and a second parliament in 1405 in Harlech . During the same period, the Penal Laws against the Welsh people
12064-539: The targets as their self-identified gender. This gender difference was larger in younger, more liberal, and less religious non-Midwestern respondents. The authors further showed that gender category beliefs (ratings of the transgender person's post-transition gender identity) were strongly associated with attitudes and feelings of warmth towards transgender people. However, gender category beliefs performed better in predicting bathroom policy preferences compared to feelings in unseen data, indicating that beliefs about what gender
12180-484: The things of being a broad church and a wide spectrum of people across politics is about making sure that you're respectful. And I think that it's important for me in the position that I'm in now as the interim chair to remind everybody that we have to be respectful to everyone's views, and respectful to everyone as human beings." In August 2021, an emergency meeting was held between the organisation's local groups in order to discuss making constitutional changes to stabilise
12296-416: The vast majority of the inhabitants of Wales had no desire to see their country having a national future". In the early 1990s, Labour became committed to devolution for both Scotland and Wales, and in 1997 it was elected with a mandate to hold referendums on a Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly. The proposed assembly won a narrow majority in the 1997 referendum . The National Assembly for Wales
12412-440: Was Gwynedd , and, with other Welsh princes becoming their vassals, princes of Gwynedd took the title Prince of Wales . Although English monarchs had made several attempts to seize control of the native Welsh territories, it was not until Edward's war of conquest against Llywelyn, the last native prince of Wales, that this was achieved with the death of Llywelyn in 1282. Following the death of his brother, Dafydd ap Gruffydd led
12528-577: Was a devolved assembly , but the movement was disbanded in 1896 amid personal rivalries. After the end of the First World War , there was widespread belief that " home rule all round" was an essential part of reformations and discussions of self-government for small nations were considered an essential part of any peace conference. Home rule for Ireland had been enacted via the Government of Ireland Act 1914 but faced opposition from Ulster unionists and
12644-476: Was a referendum tomorrow". The Welsh Governance Centre also showed that in the last Senedd election over 40% of Labour voters supported independence. On 11 May 2019, the first ever march in history for Welsh independence was organised by All Under One Banner Cymru (AUOB Cymru) in Cardiff, with an estimated 3,000 in attendance. On 27 July 2019, AUOB organised an independence march in Caernarfon . An estimate put
12760-404: Was formed in 1999, which was renamed Senedd Cymru/Welsh Parliament in 2020. Since the referendum on Welsh devolution in 1997 and formation of the Senedd (then National Assembly for Wales) in 1999, there has been increased support for and trust in the Senedd, with support for it to receive more devolved powers . Further powers have been granted to the Senedd by the Government of Wales Act 2006 ,
12876-404: Was founded in 2014 and open to the public for membership in 2016. In 2020, the group claimed that they had had a sudden rise in membership with 17,000 members by the end of 2020, partly influenced by the British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic . In 2017, there were plans to hold a second referendum on Scottish independence , Plaid Cymru leader Leanne Wood said there needed to be
12992-432: Was geographically and legally defined, and the laws allowed the Welsh equal status and representation in the English parliament. Nevertheless, the Welsh did not share in legal or political sovereignty and English was insisted as the official language of government, administration and law, which proved to be unpopular. The Act of Uniformity 1549 made English the language of the reformed church and no provision were made for
13108-493: Was held in Swansea on 20 May. Between 6,000 and 7,000 supporters attended. In January 2021, Guto Harri , who was Boris Johnson 's communications chief when the latter was Mayor of London , wrote in The Sunday Times that "the idea of independence is taking off, with new recruits from very different backgrounds." He went on to say, "Brexiteers will hate me for saying this, but it is clear that some have contributed more to
13224-470: Was implemented, restraining Welsh rights which were reaffirmed during the 15th century and were not removed from the statute books until the 17th century. During the reign of the King of England Henry VIII , two statutes were passed that are often referred to as the " Acts of Union ". The laws incorporated Wales (both the principality and the march ) into the King's empire and imposed English law in Wales. Wales
13340-675: Was not just a rejection of the EU but also of the British political establishment and its ways of doing things — ways that have failed far too many working-class communities for far too long. [...] For those who haven't given up on politicians entirely, independence can feel the only hope they have left. Some feel they have little to lose." Transphobia Transphobia consists of negative attitudes, feelings, or actions towards transgender people or transness in general. Transphobia can include fear, aversion, hatred, violence or anger towards people who do not conform to social gender roles . Transphobia
13456-417: Was renamed Plaid Cymru – The Party of Wales in 1945. The party's principles as defined in 1970 were (1) self government for Wales, (2) to safeguard the culture, traditions, language and economic position of Wales and (3) to secure membership for a self-governing Welsh state in the United Nations. The party's first Westminster seat (MP) was won by Gwynfor Evans in 1966. By 1974 the party had three MPs and in
#696303