A single parent is a person who has a child or children but does not have a spouse or live-in partner to assist in the upbringing or support of the child. Reasons for becoming a single parent include death , divorce , break-up , abandonment , becoming widowed , domestic violence , rape , childbirth by a single person or single-person adoption. A single parent family is a family with children that is headed by a single parent.
125-402: Brian Michael Firkus (born August 23, 1989), better known by the stage name Trixie Mattel , is an American drag queen , television personality, and singer-songwriter originally from Milwaukee , Wisconsin. She is known for her exaggerated, high- camp , 1960s-influenced style , distinctive eye makeup, and her blend of comedy, acoustic pop, and folk-country music; Mattel sings and plays guitar and
250-455: A New York Times bestseller . She appeared on New York Magazine 's list of "The Most Powerful Drag Queens in America", ranking fourth. She also operates a YouTube channel focused on beauty and music, featuring frequent collaborations with fellow drag queens and various celebrities such as Iggy Azalea , Nicole Byer , Brittany Broski , and Margaret Cho . Mattel's business ventures include being
375-471: A fixer-upper motel in Palm Springs, California , originally named Ruby Montana's Coral Sands Inn, for $ 1.9 million. Initially, she had planned to transform it into an Airbnb rental but changed her mind after viewing the property. Instead, Mattel decided to renovate the motel to reflect the aesthetics of her drag persona, enlisting designer Dani Dazey to collaborate on the project. The renovation process
500-534: A shared parenting arrangement where they spend an approximately equal amount of time with their two parents. Among those living primarily with one single parent, most live with their mother. In 2016 (or latest year available), the proportion of 6-12 year olds living primarily with their single father ranged between 5% and 36% among the different OECD countries. It was highest in Belgium (17%), Iceland (19%), Slovenia (20%), France (22%), Norway (23%) and Sweden (36%), while it
625-450: A 1994 study observed that it was socially acceptable for unmarried single Mende women to have children due to the social stigma of being a women with no children. In South Africa , the number of single-parent households has risen in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries due to a variety of factors, including the HIV/AIDs epidemic , increasing economic migration within the country, and
750-459: A 2018 article, Psychology Today stated that drag queens are "most typically gay cisgender men (though there are many drag queens of varying sexual orientations and gender identities)". Examples of trans-feminine drag queens, sometimes called trans queens , include Monica Beverly Hillz and Peppermint . Cisgender female drag queens are sometimes called faux queens or bioqueens , though critics of this practice assert that faux carries
875-827: A backup plan for potential children in case something happens to them. Traveling is also made more complex, as the child must either be left in someone else's care, or taken along. In 2003, 14% of all Australian households were single-parent families. In Australia 2011, out of all families 15.9% were single parent families. Out of these families 17.6% of the single parents were males, whilst 82.4% were females. Single people are eligible to apply for adoption in all states of Australia, except for Queensland and South Australia. They are able to apply for adoption both to Australian born and international born children, although not many other countries allow single parent adoptions. Single parents in Australia are eligible for support payments from
1000-570: A campaign for presidency in 1992 under the slogan "Lick Bush in '92!" and documented in the 1993 video of the same name. Smith also ran for president in 1996 with the slogan "Lick Slick Willie in '96!" In each of these campaigns Smith ran on the Queer Nation Party ticket. In June 2019, a play based on Smith's 1992 presidential campaign, titled Ms. Blakk for President, written by Tarell Alvin McCraney and Tina Landau and starring McCraney in
1125-439: A child born to a single mother, conceived through IVF . The Delhi High Court has held that "mother’s name is sufficient in certain cases like the present one to apply for passport, especially as a single woman can be a natural guardian and also a parent". Considering these socio-legal transformations, a study suggested that despite facing numerous challenges, single mothers who are raising their children with little support from
1250-545: A comedy web series featuring the duo. The series became one of the most successful shows on the WOW Presents YouTube channel and earned them their first Streamy Award nomination for Show of the Year at the 7th Streamy Awards . In November 2016, Mattel had a guest appearance as herself on American Horror Story: Roanoke . She self-released her debut studio album Two Birds on May 2, 2017. The album debuted at number two on
1375-457: A competitor in Season 7 of RuPaul's Drag Race (2015). She was initially eliminated in episode four but later re-entered the competition in episode eight by winning the "Conjoined Twins" challenge with Pearl Liaison . Mattel was eliminated again in episode 10, ultimately placing sixth overall and becoming the first queen to last more than one episode after returning to the competition. Mattel, who
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#17330853231651500-781: A contrast, children in a shared parenting arrangement that live approximately equal amount of time with their divorced mother and father have about the same well-being as children from intact families and better outcomes than children with only one custodial parent. The United Kingdom Office for National Statistics has reported that children of single parents, after controlling for other variables like family income, are more likely to have problems, including being twice as likely to suffer from mental illness. Both British and American researchers show that children with no fathers are three times more likely to be unhappy, and are also more likely to engage in anti-social behavior, abuse substances and engage in juvenile deliquency. Historically, death of
1625-463: A cover of " Jackson " with Orville Peck . The EP was released on April 30, 2021. In August 2021, Mattel and Zamolodchikova launched their newsletter Gooped , which includes light-hearted advice. In November 2021, Mattel announced "The Trixie Doll," a collectible fashion doll in her likeness, in collaboration with Integrity Toys . In May 2021, Mattel announced that she would star in Trixie Motel ,
1750-496: A drag performance. While drag is often viewed as a performance based art form and a type of entertainment, it is possible to engage with drag as an art form outside of performance or for purposes other than entertainment. Drag has been used within studio art such as photography, political activism, and fashion to name a few applications outside of performance. The origin of the term drag is uncertain. The first recorded use of drag in reference to actors dressed in women's clothing
1875-512: A drag-aissance. Before being colonized by Spain in the mid-1500s, it was a national custom for men to dress in women's clothing. However, when the Spaniards arrived, they not only outlawed homosexuality but executed men that appeared to be homosexual. Spain cast a culture of Machismo onto the Philippines, causing any kind of queerness and queer culture to be heavily suppressed. Nonetheless, in
2000-652: A father varied between 9% and 25%. It was lowest in Estonia (9%), Costa Rica (10%), Cyprus (10%), Japan (10%), Ireland (10%) and the United Kingdom (12%), while it was highest in Norway (22%), Spain (23%), Sweden (24%), Romania (25%) and the United States (25%). These numbers were not provided for Canada, Australia or New Zealand. In 2016/17, the proportion of children living in a single-parent household varied between 6% and 28% in
2125-513: A female impersonator as a "professional drag queen". She considered the term female impersonator to be the one that was (then) widely understood by heterosexual audiences. However, feminist and queer studies scholar Sarah French defined a clear separation between these two terms. She defined drag as an art form associated with queer identity whereas female impersonation comes from a wide a range of gender identity paradigms, including heteronormativity . Additionally, many drag artists view drag as
2250-452: A heightened or exaggerated gender presentation. In the 1940s John Herbert , who sometimes competed in drag pageants, was the victim of an attempted robbery while he was dressed as a woman. His assailants falsely claimed that Herbert had solicited them for sex, and Herbert was accused and convicted of indecency under Canada's same-sex sexual activity law (which was not repealed until 1969). After being convicted, Herbert served time in
2375-536: A judge on the competition series Queen of the Universe (2021–2023). Mattel's fourth studio album, The Blonde & Pink Albums (2022), was a double album featuring a " power pop " sound. She also produced and starred in the renovation docuseries Trixie Motel (2022–2024), which chronicled the opening of her own Palm Springs resort of the same name. Co-published with Zamolodchikova, Mattel's first book, Trixie and Katya's Guide to Modern Womanhood (2020), became
2500-623: A line differentiating amateurs performing in drag for fun from professional female impersonators who made a living performing in drag. The second original meaning of drag queen was applied to men who chose to wear women's clothing on the streets, an act which was at that time illegal in New York City. Of this latter type two additional slang terms were applied: square drag queens which meant "boys who looked like girls but who you knew were boys" and street queens who were queer male sex workers, often homeless, that dressed as women. This second use of
2625-604: A lived form of self-expression or creativity, and perceive drag as something that is not limited to the stage or to performance. In contrast, female impersonation is specifically limited to performance and may or may not involve an LGBTQI point of view. Female impersonation can be traced back at least as far as ancient Greece. There was little to no gender equity then and women held a lower social status. This meant male actors would play female roles during theatrical performances. This tradition continued for centuries but began to be less prevalent as motion pictures became popular. During
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#17330853231652750-621: A part of gay culture . People do drag for reasons ranging from self-expression to mainstream performance. Drag shows frequently include lip-syncing , live singing, and dancing. They typically occur at LGBTQ pride parades , drag pageants , cabarets , carnivals , and nightclubs . Drag queens vary by type, culture, and dedication, from professionals who star in films and spend a lot of their time in their drag personas, to people who do drag only occasionally. Women who dress as men and entertain by imitating them are called drag kings . Those who do occasional drag may be from other backgrounds than
2875-465: A partner was a common cause of single parenting. Diseases and maternal death not infrequently resulted in a widower or widow responsible for children. At certain times wars might also deprive significant numbers of families of a parent. Improvements in sanitation and maternal care have decreased mortality for those of reproductive age, making death a less common cause of single parenting. Child custody in reference to divorce refers to which parent
3000-554: A reality series on Discovery+ . The series would follow Mattel, her partner David, and "famous" friends as they renovated a motel in Palm Springs. The renovations began in the fall of 2021, and the series premiered on June 3, 2022. In December 2021, the drag queen singing competition Queen of the Universe premiered, featuring Mattel as one of the four judges. The second and final season, which premiered in June 2023, also featured Mattel on
3125-549: A regular performer in Milwaukee's drag scene. Firkus would perform with fellow drag queens Kim Chi and Shea Couleé in Milwaukee and occasionally in Chicago. He attended beauty school in 2014 before withdrawing to participate in RuPaul's Drag Race. Outside of drag, he worked in cosmetics, freelancing at Sephora and working at Ulta and MAC . Mattel first gained widespread attention as
3250-666: A single parent family is strongly correlated with school failure and problems of delinquency, drug use, teenage pregnancies , poverty, and welfare dependency in the United States. Using multilevel modelling, Suet-Ling Pong has shown that a high proportion of American children from single parent families perform poorly on mathematics and reading achievement tests. In Sweden, Emma Fransson et al. have shown that children living with one single parent have worse well-being in terms of physical health behavior, mental health, peer friendships, bullying, cultural activities, sports, and family relationships, compared to children from intact families. As
3375-429: A single parent, leaving it even more difficult to come out of the poverty cycle. The gender of the baby seems to have no effect if the father is not living with the mother at the time of the birth, meaning they are still likely to leave after one year of the child's birth. Yet there is some evidence that suggests that if the father is living with the mother at the time of the birth he is more likely to stay after one year if
3500-669: A tradition, when pantomimes became a popular form of entertainment in Europe during the late 1800s to the mid-1900s. The dame became a stock character with a range of attitudes from " charwoman " to " grande dame " who was mainly used for improvisation. A notable, and highly successful, pantomime dame from this period was Dan Leno . Beyond theatre, in the 1800s, Molly houses became a place for gay men to meet, often dressed in drag. Despite homosexuality being outlawed, men would dress in women's clothing and attend these taverns and coffee houses to congregate and meet other, mostly gay, men. By
3625-502: A trigger for mental health issues in single mothers. They are especially at risk for having higher levels of depressive symptoms. Studies from the 1970s showed that single mothers who are not financially stable are more likely to experience depression. In a more current study it was proven that financial strain was directly correlated with high levels of depression. Among low-income single mothers, depressive symptoms may be as high as 60%. Inadequate access to mental health care services
3750-534: A video for GQ Magazine called Trixie Mattel Makes a PB&J (and More Importantly, a Cocktail) , earning a nomination from the James Beard Foundation Awards in the humor category. Mattel later returned to the Drag Race franchise for the third season of RuPaul's Drag Race: All Stars , which started airing on January 25, 2018. On March 15, 2018, her fellow competitors voted for her to advance to
3875-644: A woman. Single-parent households are on average much poorer, a pattern largely explained by the lack of a second source of income in the home itself. According to a 2016 report from the United States Census Bureau , the percentage of children living in families with two parents decreased from 88 to 69 between 1960 and 2016. Of those 50.7 million children living in families with two parents, 47.7 million live with two married parents and 3.0 million live with two unmarried parents. The percentage of children living with single parents increased substantially in
Trixie Mattel - Misplaced Pages Continue
4000-409: A woman; I dress like a drag queen!" The meaning of the term drag queen has changed across time. The term first emerged in New York City in the 1950s, and initially had two meanings. The first meaning referred to an amateur performer who did not make a living in drag but may have participated in amateur public performances such as those held at a drag ball or a drag pageant . This was meant to draw
4125-595: A youth reformatory in Guelph, Ontario . Herbert later served another sentence for indecency at reformatory in Mimico . Herbert wrote Fortune and Men's Eyes in 1964 based on his time behind bars. He included the character of Queenie as an authorial self-insertion . In 1973 the first Canadian play about and starring a drag queen, Hosanna by Michel Tremblay , was performed at Théâtre de Quat'Sous in Montreal . In 1977
4250-586: Is a quarter Ojibwe ; his maternal grandmother was a member of the Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians . He had an abusive stepfather who would call him a "Trixie" when he acted feminine, which later inspired his drag name. Her last name was inspired by her affinity for the Barbie doll and toy company Mattel . Before deciding on "Trixie Mattel" as his drag name, he originally considered
4375-444: Is allowed to make important decisions about the children involved. Physical custody refers to which parent the child lives with. Among divorced parents, "parallel parenting" refers to parenting after divorce in which each parent does so independently; this is most common. In comparison, cooperative parenting occurs when the parents involved in the child's life work together around all involved parties' schedules and activities, and this
4500-635: Is also a country folk singer-songwriter. In an interview with Rolling Stone , Mattel recounted that her grandfather was a country singer who taught her how to begin playing guitar. But, growing up, she hated country music and thought it was "old people music." However, she grew to love and appreciate country as an adult, recognizing its depth, complexity, and humor with artists like June Carter Cash and Dolly Parton especially contributing to her newfound appreciation. Mattel also said that she learned guitar by listening to George Jones , Conway Twitty , and Johnny Cash . Although she learned to play folk-country,
4625-680: Is also a DJ, posting a remix of the Black Eyed Peas song "My Humps" in July 2023. Firkus is gay. Since 2016, he has been in a relationship with filmmaker David Silver, who also produced his documentary Moving Parts . He is a vegetarian, an atheist , and a collector of Barbie dolls. Drag queen A drag queen is a person, usually male, who uses drag clothing and makeup to imitate and often exaggerate female gender signifiers and gender roles for entertainment purposes. Historically, drag queens have usually been gay men , and have been
4750-731: Is also the name of her documentary, as a tease for her upcoming album. It became her first charting single, peaking at number 83 on the Scottish Single Chart . She released her second studio album, One Stone , on March 15, 2018, the same night as the All Stars finale. The album peaked at number 16 on the Folk Albums chart, number ten on the Independent albums chart, and number one on the Heatseekers chart, becoming Mattel's first album to reach
4875-433: Is an ongoing debate about whether transgender drag queens are actually considered "drag queens". Some argue that, because a drag queen is defined as a man portraying a woman, transgender women cannot be drag queens. Drag kings are women who assume a masculine aesthetic, but this is not always the case, because there are also biokings, bioqueens, and female queens , which are people who perform their own biological sex through
5000-623: Is due to stigma disabilities have carried in South African society and the blame placed upon the women for having a child with a disability. In the United Kingdom , about 1 out of 4 families with dependent children are single-parent families, 8 to 11 percent of which have a male single-parent. UK poverty figures show that 52% of single parent families are below the Government-defined poverty line (after housing costs). Single parents in
5125-411: Is far less common. After a certain "crisis period," most children resume normal development; however, their future relationships are often affected, as they lack a model upon which to base a healthy long-term relationship. Nonetheless, as adults children of divorcees cope better with change. Keeping in touch with both parents and having a healthy relationship with both mother and father appears to have
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5250-444: Is from 1870. It may have been based on the term "grand rag" which was historically used for a masquerade ball . The term female impersonation refers to a type of theatrical performance where a man dresses in women's clothing for the sole purpose of entertaining an audience. The term female impersonator is sometimes used interchangeably with drag queen, although they are not the same. For example, in 1972, Esther Newton described
5375-409: Is more widely used. The perception of single mothers within South African society varies depending on the cause of their situation. Women whose husbands died are not typically judged in the same way as divorced, separated, or unmarried women. Within South African media, the idea that unmarried women may seek to become pregnant in order to access child benefits is a common one. To avoid social stigma,
5500-519: Is of Ojibwe descent, was the third Native American queen to compete on Drag Race following Stacy Layne Matthews , who is Lumbee , on season 3 and Kelly Mantle , who is Cherokee , on season 6 . After her run on the show, Mattel performed her stand-up comedy tour, Ages 3 and Up, from 2015 to 2017. In October 2015, Mattel guest-starred in a special edition of WOWPresents ' Fashion Photo Review with fellow season seven contestant Katya Zamolodchikova . World of Wonder later launched UNHhhh ,
5625-465: Is prevalent amongst impoverished women. Low-income women are less likely to receive mental health care for numerous reasons. Mental health services remain inequitable for low-income, more so, low-income single women are more likely to suffer from depression, anxiety, and other poor mental health outcomes. Researchers Copeland and Snyder (2011) addressed the barriers low-income single mothers have on receiving mental health care, "Visible barriers often include
5750-666: Is the only country in the Arab world with an increasingly visible drag scene. Drag culture has existed in Lebanon for several decades but gained popularity with the astronomical rise of Bassem Feghali , who came to prominence in the 1990s, becoming a household name for his impersonation of Lebanese female singers. Due to the global success of Rupaul's Drag Race , Beirut's drag scene has adopted various influences that blend American drag culture with local, unique cultural elements. The drag scene has grown so much that in 2019 Vogue magazine declared it
5875-481: Is used to refer to them. RuPaul has said, "You can call me he. You can call me she. You can call me Regis and Kathie Lee ; I don't care! Just so long as you call me." Drag queens are sometimes called transvestites , although that term also has many other connotations than the term drag queen and is not much favored by many drag queens themselves. The term tranny, an abbreviation of the term transvestite, has been adopted by some drag performers, notably RuPaul, and
6000-505: The Billboard Folk Albums chart at No. 16. She went on to star in the documentary film Trixie Mattel: Moving Parts (2019). Her third studio album, Barbara (2020), featured an " electro-folk " sound, while her EP , Full Coverage, Vol. 1 (2021), consisted of covers of various songs. Her musical comedy special, Trixie Mattel: One Night Only (2020), was nominated for a Critics' Choice Television Award and she appeared as
6125-616: The 10th Streamy Awards in Los Angeles. In the same ceremony, the duo was nominated for Show of the Year and Unscripted Series for UNHhhh , winning the latter category. In February 2021, Mattel released a cover of the Violent Femmes track " Blister in the Sun ." She also announced the EP Full Coverage, Vol. 1 , which included both singles "Video Games" and "Blister in the Sun," as well as
6250-683: The Heatseekers Albums chart, number six on the Independent Albums chart, and number 16 on the Americana/Folk Albums chart. In December 2017, Mattel released Homemade Christmas , an EP of three recorded Christmas songs that featured Zamolodchikova. In October 2017, it was announced that UNHhhh would end after its second season. Shortly after, a television spin-off of UNHhhh for Viceland called The Trixie and Katya Show premiered. The show ran until March 2018. Midway through
6375-465: The San Francisco Board of Supervisors , becoming the first openly gay candidate for public office in the United States. In 1991, drag queen Terence Alan Smith, as Joan Jett Blakk , ran against Richard M. Daley for the office of mayor of Chicago, Illinois. The campaign was chronicled in the 1991 video Drag in for Votes . After qualifying for presidency on his 35th birthday, Smith announced
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#17330853231656500-629: The Stonewall riots , a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the LGBT community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of 28 June 1969, at the Stonewall Inn , located in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan , New York City. The riots are widely considered to be the catalyst for the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in
6625-604: The World of Wonder web series UNHhhh (2016–present) and its Viceland spin-off The Trixie & Katya Show (2017–2018). The pair also appeared in the Netflix review web series I Like to Watch (2019–present) and the podcast The Bald and the Beautiful (2020–present). Mattel's music style began as primarily folk and country , with her first and second studio albums, Two Birds (2017) and One Stone (2018), both charting on
6750-545: The autoharp . In 2015, she competed in the seventh season of the drag reality television competition series RuPaul's Drag Race , placing sixth. In 2018, she went on to win the third season of RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars . She also made guest appearances in various iterations of the Drag Race franchise . Mattel formed the popular comedy duo known as Trixie and Katya alongside fellow drag queen and frequent collaborator Katya Zamolodchikova . Together, they starred in
6875-483: The 1960s. In 1971, an article in Lee Brewster 's Drag Queens magazine described a drag queen as a "homosexual transvestite " who is hyperfeminine, flamboyant, and militant. Drag queens were further described as having an attitude of superiority, and commonly courted by heterosexual men who would "not ordinarily participate in homosexual relationships". While the term drag queen implied "homosexual transvestite",
7000-614: The 19th century, followed by female impersonators working in vaudeville, burlesque, and the legitimate theatre in the late 19th century and early 20th century. The Pansy Craze was a period of increased LGBT visibility in American popular culture from the late-1920s until the mid-1930s; during the " craze ," drag queens — known as "pansy performers" — experienced a surge in underground popularity, especially in New York City , Chicago , Los Angeles , and San Francisco . The exact dates of
7125-543: The Beautiful . On July 14, 2020, Mattel and Zamolodchikova released Trixie and Katya's Guide to Modern Womanhood , an affectionate parody of women's self-help books . The book was a New York Times best-seller . In September 2020, Mattel released a cover of Lana Del Rey 's " Video Games ", which ranked 66 on the Scottish singles chart and 89 on the UK Downloads chart. In December 2020, Mattel and Zamolodchikova co-hosted
7250-678: The Canadian film Outrageous! , starring drag queen Craig Russell , became one of the first gay-themed films to break out into mainstream theatrical release. In September 2018, the Supreme Court of India ruled that the application of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code to consensual homosexual sex between adults was unconstitutional, "irrational, indefensible and manifestly arbitrary". Since then, drag culture in India has been growing and becoming
7375-483: The LGBT community. There is a long history of folkloric and theatrical crossdressing that involves people of all orientations. Not everyone who does drag at some point in their lives is a drag queen or a drag king. The term "drag" has evolved over time. Traditional definitions of the term drag utilized a gender binary which used a sex-based definition of drag where a person would be considered "in drag" if they were wearing
7500-589: The Los Angeles Bureau of Adoptions sought single African-Americans for African-American orphans for whom married families could not be found. In 1968, the Child Welfare League of America stated that married couples were preferred, but there were "exceptional circumstances" where single parent adoptions were permissible. Among all households in OECD countries in 2011, the proportion of single-parent households
7625-448: The UK are almost twice as likely to be in low-paid jobs as other workers (39% of working single parents compared with 21% of working people nationally). This is highlighted in a report published by Gingerbread, funded by Trust for London and Barrow Cadbury Trust. In the United States, since the 1960s, there has been a marked increase in the number of children living with a single parent. The jump
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#17330853231657750-493: The United Kingdom. By 2016/17, the percentage in Sweden had increased to 28%. Over 9.5 million American families are run by one woman. Single mothers are likely to have mental health issues, financial hardships, live in a low income area, and receive low levels of social support. All of these factors are taken into consideration when evaluating the mental health of single mothers. The occurrence of moderate to severe mental disability
7875-661: The United States . During the summer of 1976, a restaurant in Fire Island Pines , New York , denied entry to a visitor in drag named Terry Warren. When Warren's friends in Cherry Grove heard what had happened, they dressed up in drag, and, on 4 July 1976 , sailed to the Pines by water taxi . This turned into a yearly event where drag queens go to the Pines, called the Invasion of the Pines . In 1961, drag queen José Sarria ran for
8000-443: The United States during the second half of the 20th century. According to a 2013 Child Trends study, only 9% of children lived with single parents in the 1960s—a figure that increased to 28% in 2012. Single parent households became more common after legislation allowing no fault divorce . Historically Zimbabwe has had a tradition of polygamy , and so a second or third wife might run a household and take care of their children as
8125-589: The age of 15. Such single parenthood was often short in duration, since remarriage rates were high. Divorce was generally rare historically (although this depends on culture and era), and became especially difficult to obtain after the fall of the Roman Empire , in Medieval Europe , due to strong involvement of ecclesiastical courts in family life (though annulment and other forms of separation were more common). Single parent adoptions have existed since
8250-471: The announcement of her fourth studio album, a double album called The Blonde & Pink Albums . The third single, "C'mon, Loretta," was released on April 15, 2022, with the full 14-track album following in June 2022. In spring 2022, it was announced Mattel would co-starred with Zamolodchikova in the dating show From Katya with Love to help her find a partner, although the series was later cancelled. On April 8, 2022, Entertainment Weekly (EW) announced
8375-564: The beginning of transgender activism in San Francisco. On 17 March 1968, in Los Angeles, to protest entrapment and harassment by the Los Angeles Police Department , two drag queens known as "The Princess" and "The Duchess" held a St. Patrick's Day party at Griffith Park , a popular cruising spot and a frequent target of police activity. More than 200 gay men socialized through the day. Drag queens were also involved in
8500-533: The boundaries of gender and sexuality and it became a place for the LGBT community, especially gay men, to feel accepted. As LGBT culture has slowly become more accepted in American society, drag has also become more, though not totally, acceptable in today's society. In the 1940s and 1950s, Arthur Blake was one of the few female impersonators to be successful in both gay and mainstream entertainment, becoming famous for his impersonations of Bette Davis , Carmen Miranda , and Eleanor Roosevelt in night clubs. At
8625-404: The child is a son rather than a daughter. Some women use artificial insemination to become single mothers by choice. Others choose to adopt. Men may also choose to become single fathers through adoption or surrogacy. Single parent adoptions are controversial. They are, however, still preferred over divorcees, as divorced parents are considered an unnecessary stress on the child. In one study,
8750-584: The child. This also may harm the child. Where they are not acceptable, they sometimes result in forced marriage , however such marriages fail more often than others. In the United States, the rate of unintended pregnancy is higher among unmarried couples than among married ones. In 1990, 73% of births to unmarried women were unintended at the time of conception, compared to about 57% of births overall (1987 data). Mothers with unintended pregnancies, and their children, are subject to numerous adverse health effects, including increased risk of violence and death, and
8875-664: The children are less likely to succeed in school and are more likely to live in poverty and be involved in crime. "Fragile families" are usually caused by an unintended pregnancy out of wedlock. Usually in this situation the father is not completely in the picture and the relationship between the mother, father, and child is consistently unstable. As well as instability, "fragile families" are often limited in resources such as human capital and money. The kids that come from these families are more likely to be hindered within school and don't succeed as well as kids who have strictly single parents or two parent homes. Usually within these families
9000-577: The clothes of the opposite sex for the purposes of entertainment. However, with new paradigms of gender identity and the embrace of non-binary gender , newer definitions of drag have abandoned this binary framework in favor of defining drag as an art form of gender performance which is not limited to a binary framework but which must engage with and critique conceptions of gender in some fashion. This could include explorations with heightened forms of masculinity or femininity, as well as playing with other forms of gender identity. Unlike female impersonation ,
9125-587: The connotation that the drag is fake, and that the use of bioqueen exclusively for cisgender females is a misnomer since trans-feminine queens exhibit gynomorphic features. Drag queens' counterparts are drag kings : performers, usually women, who dress in exaggeratedly masculine clothing. Examples of drag kings include Landon Cider . Trans men who dress like drag kings are sometimes termed trans kings. Some drag queens may prefer to be referred to as " she " while in drag and desire to stay completely in character. Other drag performers are indifferent to which pronoun
9250-614: The different OECD countries, with an OECD country average of 17%. It was lowest in Turkey (2015, 6%), Greece (8%), Croatia (8%) and Poland (10%), while it was highest in France (23%), United Kingdom (23%), Belgium (25%), Lithuania (25%), United States (27%) and Latvia (28%). It was 19% in Ireland and Canada. Among children living in a single-parent household, most live primarily with their mother, others primarily with their father, while other children have
9375-665: The early 1900s drag started to reappear in the media. Drag became a key element of national pantomime theatre and as time went on, drag queens appeared in other forms of theatre and in movies. Drag in South Africa emerged in the 1950s in major cities such as Johannesburg and Cape Town . It started in the form of underground pageants which created a safe space for members of the LGBTQ+ community in Apartheid South Africa, where people could be punished by law for being gay. Being gay
9500-460: The emerging trend noted in 2000. The most recent data of December 2011 shows approximately 13.7 million single parents in the U.S. Mississippi leads the nation with the highest percent of births to unmarried mothers with 54% in 2014, followed by Louisiana , New Mexico , Florida and South Carolina . In 2006, 12.9 million families in the US were headed by a single parent, 80% of which were headed by
9625-472: The era of vaudeville it was considered immodest for women to appear on stage. Due to that circumstance, some men became famous as "female impersonators", the most notable being Julian Eltinge . At the peak of his career he was one of the most sought after and highest paid actors in the world. Andrew Tribble was another early female impersonator who gained fame on Broadway and in Black Vaudeville . In
9750-425: The families of unmarried women with children will often raise the child(ren) as their own. It is especially common for the child to be raised as a sibling of their mother. However, this is not the case when the child has a disability. A 2023 study found that South African women who gave birth to children with disabilities were often rejected and left by their partners, their partner's family, and their own family. This
9875-572: The families, society or state are challenging the dominant male breadwinner and provider model while redefining the heteronormative model of parenting. At the 2013 census, 17.8% of New Zealand families were single-parent, of which five-sixths were headed by a female. Single-parent families in New Zealand have fewer children than two-parent families; 56% of single-parent families have only one child and 29% have two children, compared to 38% and 40% respectively for two-parent families. In Sierra Leone ,
10000-416: The father plans to stick around and help raise the child but once the child is born the fathers do not stay for much longer and only one third stay after five years of the child's birth. Most of these fragile families come from low economic status to begin with and the cycle appears to continue; once the child grows up they are just as likely to still be poor. Most fragile families end with the mother becoming
10125-420: The final two, where she ultimately won against runner-up Kennedy Davenport in the final lipsync battle. She became the first winner of Drag Race to be of Indigenous descent. In December 2018, she competed in the television special RuPaul's Drag Race Holi-slay Spectacular and won in a tie with the other competitors. On February 3, 2018, Mattel released an acoustic version of her song "Moving Parts," which
10250-629: The first cabaret. However, drag in Thailand was actually heavily influenced by drag queens from the Philippines as the first drag show started after the owner of a gay club saw drag queens from the Philippines perform in Bangkok . Therefore, drag shows started in Thailand in the mid-1970s and have become increasingly popular over time, especially in major cities like Bangkok. In Renaissance England , women were forbidden from performing on stage, so female roles were played by men or boys. The practice continued, as
10375-516: The founder and CEO of Trixie Cosmetics, a cosmetics brand launched in 2019. Her persona is inspired by her love of Barbie dolls; she owns a large collection of Barbies that she has shared in videos on her YouTube channel. Brian Michael Firkus was born on August 23, 1989, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin , and raised in Silver Cliff, Wisconsin by a single mother with an older brother and a younger sister. He
10500-544: The fourth season of UNHhhh . In June 2019, Mattel was one of 37 drag queens featured on the cover of New York magazine. The magazine ranked America's 100 most powerful drag queens and placed Mattel at number 4. During the COVID-19 pandemic , filming of the fifth season of UNHhhh was put on hold. In its place, Mattel and Zamolodchikova launched Trixie and Katya Save the World , a spin-off filmed from their homes. Mattel also took
10625-437: The gay male community in the United States, but it is considered offensive to most transgender and transsexual people. Many drag performers refer to themselves as drag artists, as opposed to drag queens, as some contemporary forms of drag have become nonbinary . In Brazil, androgynous drag performers are sometimes called drag queer , as a form of gender neutrality . Among drag queens and their contacts today, there
10750-430: The government, but only if they are caring for at least one child under the age of eight. The Supreme Court of India and various High Courts of India have recognized the rights of single mothers to give birth and raise children. The High Court of Kerala , has declared in a case argued by Advocate Aruna A. that, the birth registration authorities cannot insist on the details of the father for registration of birth of
10875-470: The inevitable sailing into one's retiree era." The book also included quizzes and an aptitude test. In 2023, Mattel announced partnerships with Etsy , Maybelline , LinkedIn , and The Sims . Mattel was featured on the cover of the June 2023 edition of Los Angeles magazine . Also that year, she made a guest appearance in the Nickelodeon animated series Monster High . In June 2024, a second season of
11000-595: The interviewers asked children questions about their new lifestyle in a single-parent home. The interviewer found that when asked about fears, a high proportion of children feared illness or injury to the parent. When asked about happiness, half of the children talked about outings with their single adoptive parent. A single person wanting to adopt a child has to be mindful of the challenges they may face, and there are certain agencies that will not work with single adoptive parents at all. Single parents will typically only have their own income to live off of, and thus might not have
11125-655: The invitation of the Roosevelts, he performed his impersonation of Eleanor at the White House . He impersonated Davis and Miranda in the 1952 film Diplomatic Courier . The Cooper Donuts Riot was a May 1959 incident in Los Angeles in which drag queens, lesbians, transgender women, and gay men rioted; it was one of the first LGBT protests in the United States. The Compton's Cafeteria riot , which involved drag queens and others, occurred in San Francisco in 1966. It marked
11250-487: The judging panel. On November 12, 2021, Mattel released the single "Hello Hello," loosely inspired by 60s power pop . The single's music video was choreographed by fellow drag race alumna Laganja Estranja . Joseph Longo of Them said: "With "Hello Hello," Mattel makes her case for pop star status — elaborate choreography, suave backup dancers, expressive makeup, and a sparkly mini-dress." The single "This Town" featuring Shakey Graves followed on January 28, 2022, along with
11375-475: The lack of community resources, transportation, child care, convenient hours, and financial resources." Meanwhile, low-income single mothers are more likely to bring their children in for mental health treatment than themselves. Researchers Copeland and Snyder analyzed sixty-four African American mothers who brought their children in for mental health treatment. These mothers were then screened for mild, moderate, and severe depression and/or anxiety. After three months
11500-577: The mainstream art culture. The hotel chain of Lalit Groups spaced a franchise of clubs where drag performances are hosted in major cities of India such as Mumbai , Delhi , and Bangalore . Maya the Drag Queen , Rani Kohinoor ( Sushant Divgikar ), Lush Monsoon, Betta Naan Stop , Tropical Marca, Zeeshan Ali, and Patruni Sastry are some examples of Indian drag artists. In 2018, Hyderabad had its first drag convention. In 2020, India's first drag specific magazine Dragvanti began publication. Lebanon
11625-495: The makeup industry with her Oh Honey! collaboration with independent makeup brand Sugarpill Cosmetics in 2018. In 2020, Trixie Cosmetics launched a collaboration collection with Zamolodchikova called "Red Scare". The brand has also released collaboration collections with Juno Birch and Laganja Estranja . In February 2021, Mattel announced that she had become co-owner of Wisconsin's oldest LGBTQ+ bar, This Is It! , located in Milwaukee . Mattel and her partner David Silver bought
11750-461: The mid 19th century. Men were rarely considered as adoptive parents, and were considered far less desired. Often, children adopted by a single person were raised in pairs rather than alone, and many adoptions by lesbians and gay men were arranged as single parent adoptions. During the mid 19th century many state welfare officials made it difficult if not impossible for single persons to adopt, as agencies searched for married heterosexual couples. In 1965,
11875-456: The mid-1900s, pantomime, and the use of pantomime dames, had declined, although it remains a popular Christmas tradition. The role of the dame, however, evolved to become more about the individual performer. Many female impersonators built up their own fan bases, and began performing outside of their traditional pantomime roles. Drag performance in the United States had its roots in the female impersonations of performers in minstrel shows of
12000-609: The most effect on a child's behavior; which leads to an easier time coping with the divorce as well as development through the child's life. Children will do better with their parents divorce if they have a smooth adjustment period. One way to make this adjustment easier on children is to let them "remain in the same neighborhoods and schools following divorce." Many out-of-wedlock births are unintentional. Out-of-wedlock births are frequently not acceptable to society, and they often result in single parenting. A partner may also leave as he or she may want to shirk responsibility of bringing up
12125-573: The movement are debated, with a range from the late 1920s until 1935. The term "pansy craze" was first coined by the historian George Chauncey in his 1994 book Gay New York . The first person known to describe himself as "the queen of drag" was William Dorsey Swann , born enslaved in Hancock, Maryland , who in the 1880s started hosting drag balls in Washington, DC attended by other men who were formerly enslaved. The balls were often raided by
12250-574: The name Cupcake. He moved in with his grandparents at age 15. His grandfather was a country musician who taught him how to play the guitar. After graduating from high school, Firkus studied at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee , where he received a BFA in musical theatre and was introduced to drag while performing in a production of The Rocky Horror Show at the Oriental Theatre . He first performed in drag at LaCage NiteClub in Milwaukee, becoming
12375-491: The performers were in fact cisgender heterosexual men and women, but others were closeted LGBTQI individuals due to the politics and social environment of the period. It was criminal in many American cities to be homosexual, or for LGBTQI people to congregate, and it was therefore necessary for female and male impersonators to distance themselves from identifying as queer publicly in order to avoid criminal charges and loss of career. The need to hide and dissociate from queer identity
12500-802: The police, as documented in the newspapers. In 1896, Swann was convicted and sentenced to 10 months in jail on the false charge of "keeping a disorderly house" (a euphemism for running a brothel ). He requested a pardon from President Grover Cleveland , but was denied. In the early to mid-1900s, female impersonation had become tied to the LGBT community and thus criminality, so it had to change forms and locations. It moved from being popular mainstream entertainment to something done only at night in disreputable areas, such as San Francisco's Tenderloin . Here female impersonation started to evolve into what we today know as drag and drag queens. Drag queens such as José Sarria first came to prominence in these clubs. People went to these nightclubs to play with
12625-654: The proportion of single-parent households was 10% in Japan, 16% in the Netherlands, 19% in Sweden, 20% in France, 22% in Denmark, 22% in Germany, 23% in Ireland, 25% in Canada, 25% in the United Kingdom, and 30% in the United States. The U.S. proportion increased from 20% in 1980 to 30% in 2008. In all OECD countries, most single-parent households were headed by a mother. The proportion headed by
12750-447: The renovation reality series Trixie Motel premiered on Max , following the renovation of Mattel's own home. Mattel also guest starred in the FX comedy series English Teacher . On May 1, 2019, Mattel announced that she would be releasing her makeup brand, Trixie Cosmetics, later that month, and it would be available at RuPaul's DragCon LA on May 24, 2019. Mattel had previously dipped into
12875-565: The researchers used an ethnographic interview to address whether or not the participants used mental health services that were referred to them. Results indicated that the majority of the participants did not use the referred mental health care services for reasons that included: fear of losing their children, being hospitalized and/or stigmatized by their community counterparts. According to David Blankenhorn , Patrick Fagan, Mitch Pearlstein David Popenoe and Barbara Dafoe Whitehead, living in
13000-605: The season, Zamolodchikova suffered a mental health crisis triggered by a relapse into addiction, which caused her to be replaced by Bob the Drag Queen for the remainder of the season. Mattel and Zamolodchikova reunited in October 2018 for a third season of UNHhhh . In November 2017, Mattel and Zamolodchikova starred in a drag stage adaptation of the 1997 cult film Romy and Michele's High School Reunion , titled Trixie and Katya's High School Reunion . Also in November 2017, Mattel produced
13125-429: The social changes brought about by colonialism and apartheid . As of 2012, 39% of children living in South Africa lived with their biological mother and not their father, and 4% lived with their biological father but not their mother. In South African academic literature, single mothers are studied as a part of the "female headed household" demographic. Colloquially, the term "single-parent household" or "single mother"
13250-431: The term drag carried no such connotations. In the 1970s, drag queen was continually defined as a "homosexual transvestite". Drag was parsed as changing one's clothes to those of a different sex, while queen was said to refer to a homosexual man. For much of history, drag queens were men, but in more modern times, cisgender and trans women , as well as non-binary people, also perform as drag queens. In
13375-563: The term drag is closely associated with queer identity . This close association between the term drag and the LGBTQ community began in the United States in the 1920s with the Pansy Craze when the first gay bars in America were established by the mafia during the Prohibition Era and drag entertainers became a popular form of entertainment at these underground gay speakeasies . Before this point,
13500-417: The term drag was not necessarily associated with gay culture, but after this point forward drag became "inextricably tied to the queer community". Traditionally, drag involves cross-dressing and transforming ones sex through the use of makeup and other costume devices. However, under newer conceptions of drag, conceivably performing an exaggerated and heightened form of one's own gender could be considered
13625-401: The term was also layered with transphobic subtext and the term drag queen was again meant to protect the professional female impersonator by allowing them to dissociate themselves from both aspects of queer culture and from sex workers in order to maintain respectability among the predominantly heteronormative audiences who employed them. This understanding of the term drag queen persisted through
13750-435: The then-upcoming release of Trixie and Katya's second book, Working Girls: Trixie & Katya's Guide to Professional Womanhood . EW reported that the book includes "advice for people entering the modern workplace, including satirical tips for choosing a career path, navigating the 'Nine Circles of Retail Hell,' corporate culture, grappling with suspicions that your colleague 'doesn't really hope their emails finds you well,' and
13875-430: The time to start building her YouTube channel, which previously featured make-up tutorials and music videos. She expanded the channel to include content reflecting her pastime as a toy collector, with videos reviewing new Barbie collections, discussing doll history, or baking with Easy-Bake Ovens . Mattel and Zamolodchikova resumed filming the fifth season of UNHhhh later in 2020 and launched their podcast The Bald and
14000-645: The title role, opened at Steppenwolf Theater in Chicago. Single parent Single parenthood has been common historically due to parental mortality rate due to disease , wars , homicide , work accidents and maternal mortality . Historical estimates indicate that in French, English, or Spanish villages in the 17th and 18th centuries at least one-third of children lost one of their parents during childhood; in 19th-century Milan , about half of all children lost at least one parent by age 20; in 19th-century China , almost one-third of boys had lost one parent or both by
14125-626: The top spot on a Billboard chart. In April 2018, she launched her new comedy world tour Now with Moving Parts , followed by the Super Bowl Cut tour later that same year. A documentary film titled Trixie Mattel: Moving Parts premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival in April 2019 and screened until May 2019. It documents Mattel as she embarks on her "Moving Parts" tour following her All Stars win, as well as her personal struggles. The documentary
14250-411: The twentieth century some gender impersonators, both female and male, in the United States became highly successful performing artists in non-LGBTQ nightclubs and theaters. There was a concerted effort by these working female and male impersonators in America, to separate the art of gender impersonation from queer identity with an overt representation of working gender impersonators as heterosexual. Some of
14375-498: The two lowest income areas, and their mental health was much poorer than those in higher income areas. A similar study on the mental health of single mothers attempted to answer the question, "Are there differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, between married, never-married, and separated/divorced mothers?" Statistically, never married, and separated/divorced mothers had the highest regularities of drug abuse, personality disorder and PTSD . The family structure can become
14500-542: The type of music she listened to on the radio was folk-pop from performers such as Jason Isbell , Kris Kristofferson , Aimee Mann , Michelle Branch , and Kacey Musgraves . Currently, Mattel finds that her music is inspired by Miley Cyrus and Kacey Musgraves, referring to them as "two fringe-country kindred spirits." Several of Mattel's influences for the finished version of her third studio album, Barbara, include The Go-Go's , Blondie , The B-52's , Fountains of Wayne , Weezer , Aimee Mann , and The Click Five . Mattel
14625-462: Was caused by an increase in births to unmarried women and by the increasing prevalence of divorces among couples. In 2010, 40.7% of births in the US were to unmarried women. In 2000, 11% of children were living with parents who had never been married, 15.6% of children lived with a divorced parent, and 1.2% lived with a parent who was widowed. The results of the 2010 United States Census showed that 27% of children live with one parent, consistent with
14750-447: Was in 3-11% the range, with an average of 7.5%. It was highest in Australia (10%), Canada (10%), Mexico (10%), United States (10%), Lithuania (10%), Costa Rica (11%), Latvia (11%) and New Zealand (11%), while it was lowest in Japan (3%), Greece (4%), Switzerland (4%), Bulgaria (5), Croatia (5%), Germany (5%), Italy (5%) and Cyprus (5%). The proportion was 9% in both Ireland and the United Kingdom. Among households with children in 2005/09,
14875-458: Was lowest in Lithuania (4%), Ireland (5%), Poland (5%), Estonia (7%), Austria (7%) and the United Kingdom (8%). It was 15% in the United States. In 2005/06, the proportion of 11- to 15-year-old children living in a shared parenting arrangement versus with only one of their parents varied between 1% and 17%, being the highest in Sweden. It was 5% in Ireland and the United States, and 7% in Canada and
15000-483: Was made available on Video On Demand platforms on December 3, 2019. An accompanying acoustic soundtrack was released later in December. Mattel's first comedy special, Trixie Mattel: Skinny Legend , aired on OutTV in Canada on September 26, 2019. In a September 2018 interview with Billboard , she announced that she was working on her third studio album, Barbara , featuring an " electro-folk " sound . "Yellow Cloud"
15125-422: Was more pronounced among single mothers at 28.7% compared to partnered mothers at 15.7%. These mental disabilities include but are not limited to anxiety and depression. Financial hardships also affect the mental health of single mothers. Women, ages 15–24, were more likely to live in a low socio-economic area, have one child, and not to have completed their senior year of high school. These women reported to be in
15250-564: Was not legalized in South Africa until 1998, so pageants, such as the famous Miss Gay Western Cape, did not become official until the late 1990s. Discrimination against drag is widespread in South Africa, and drag queens face the threat of violence by being openly gay. Furthermore, there is not language to explore queerness in Xhosa , one of the indigenous languages of South Africa. After homosexual acts were decriminalized in Thailand in 1956, gay clubs and other queer spaces began opening which lead to
15375-559: Was prevalent among gender impersonators working in non-LGBTQ nightclubs before heteronormative audiences as late as the 1970s. Female impersonation has been and continues to be illegal in some places, which inspired the drag queen José Sarria to hand out labels to his friends reading, "I am a boy", so they could not be accused of female impersonation. American drag queen RuPaul once said, "I do not impersonate females! How many women do you know who wear seven-inch heels, four-foot wigs, and skintight dresses?" He also said, "I don't dress like
15500-408: Was released as the first single from the album on May 17, 2019, though it did not make the final cut. "Malibu" was released as the official first single on January 24, 2020, and the album was released a week later through Producer Entertainment Group and ATO Records . The album received a GLAAD Media Award nomination for Best Breakthrough Artist. In January 2019, Mattel and Zamolodchikova launched
15625-454: Was the subject of the Discovery+ original docuseries Trixie Motel , which aired in 2022. In 2024, Mattel and Silver produced a spin-off series, Trixie Motel: Drag Me Home , which followed the renovation of their own home. At the conclusion of this 4-part series, Silver announced that he and Trixie planned to renovate another motel in the future. In addition to her comedic drag persona, Mattel
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