Misplaced Pages

#656343

51-815: In his youth Sandanski was interested in Bulgarian politics and had a career as head of the local prison in Dupnitsa . Then he was involved in the anti-Ottoman struggle, joining initially the Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee (SMAC), but later switched to the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organisation (IMARO). Sandanski became one of the leaders of the IMARO in the Serres revolutionary district and head of

102-594: A band of armed revolutionaries. Sandanski was also active in the anti- Ottoman Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising . The Militias active in the region of Serres , led by Yane Sandanski and an insurgent detachment of the Macedonian Supreme Committee , held down a large Turkish force. These actions began on the day of the Feast of the Cross and did not involve the local population as much as in other regions, but were well to

153-576: A creation of one of the left political parties in the Ottoman Empire – People's Federative Party (Bulgarian Section) , whose headquarters was in Solun . This federalist project was supposed to include different ethnic sections in itself, but this idea failed and the only section that was created was the faction of Sandanski, called Bulgarian section . In this way its activists only "revived" their Bulgarian national identification, as Sandanski's faction advocated

204-458: A form of early Macedonian nationalism , asserting that at that time it was only a political phenomenon, without ethnic character. Dimitrija Čupovski under the pseudonym Strezo writes that Sandanski was a Bulgarian agent, bodyguard of the Bulgarian prince and an ordinary criminal. The IMRO right-wing publicist Stoyan Boyadziev has described Sandanski as extremely controversial Bulgarian revolutionary, whose separatist асtivitу however, produced as

255-732: A long history of friction between the Bulgarian Exarchate and the Organization, since those more closely connected with the Exarchate were moderates rather than revolutionaries. Thus the two bodies had never been able to see eye to eye on a number of important issues touching the population in Thrace and Macedonia. In his regular reports to the Exarch, the Bulgarian bishop in Melnik usually referred to Yane as

306-614: A new war with Serbia , so it did not attend the negotiations. However, later, in June 1913 the Bulgarian government sent in Tirana Yane Sandanski for new negotiations. He gave an interview for the Italian newspaper " Il Secolo ", where he said that he came to agreement with the Albanians and that from the Bulgarian side there would be organized bands and assaults. So he helped the preparation of

357-563: A part of that Federation. He demanded that the IMARO should embrace all nationalities in the region, not only Bulgarians. In this way it would be possible to create a healthy system aimed at the organisation of a mass uprising. Later Sandanski and his faction actively supported the Bulgarian army in the Balkan wars of 1912–1913, initially with the idea, that their duty is to fight for autonomous Macedonia, but later fighting for Bulgaria. Οbserving

408-557: A part of the local revolutionary movement at his time. Despite the allegedly "anti-Bulgarian" autonomism and federalism of Sandanski, it is unlikely he had developed Macedonian national identity in a narrow sensе, or he regarded the Bulgarian Exarchists in Ottoman Macedonia as a separate nation from Bulgarians. Contrary to the assertions of Skopje, his "separatism" represented a supranational project , not national. More,

459-477: A secession from Bulgarian ethnicity, even as it was seen at a later stage of the struggle by the group around Sandanski, that espoused a number of classical liberal ideas intermingled with socialism, imported from Bulgaria. On the other hand, the bigger fraction (the Centralists), as well as that of the other revolutionary organization - Macedonian Supreme Committee - Varhovists , (most of which followers joined

510-565: A separate Macedonian political entity, have stimulated the subsequent development of Macedonian nationalism. As initial member of the SMAC, which served directly the Bulgarian governmental interests, and then of the left wing of the IMRO, which advocated the creation of a Balkan Federation, Yane Sandanski remains one of the most controversial Bulgarian revolutionaries. While the Bulgarian communist authorities mostly liked him for his leftist sympathies, after

561-524: A whole Macedonian nationalism. Today, Sandanski is one of the names mentioned in the National anthem of North Macedonia. In Bulgaria the communist regime appreciated Sandanski because of his socialist ideas and honoured him by renaming the town Sveti Vrach to Sandanski , in 1949. In the years after the Fall of Communism some right-wing Bulgarian historians have been keen to discredit his reputation. Sandanski Point on

SECTION 10

#1733094401657

612-453: Is 28,333 people. According to the 2011 census data, ethnic identity was distributed as follows: Total: 33,519 Some Aromanians live in Dupnitsa. An Aromanian cultural organization is present in the town. Marek Dupnitsa is the football club representing the town. Marek was a dominant force in Bulgarian football in the mid-late 1970s, finishing 3rd in the domestic league, and winning

663-614: Is interested in nation-building in the late Ottoman Empire, it is very difficult to find a definitive answers to some ticklish questions related to Sandanski's biography. Hacısalihoğlu's opinion is that Sandanski was de facto a betrayer of the national Bulgarian interests in Macedonia, collaborating with the Young Turks, supporting the idea of the autonomy of the region into the Ottoman Empire, and opposing its incorporation into Bulgaria. That would allow him to maintain his political role, as one of

714-678: The Danube for extermination at Treblinka . As part of the Bulgarian Commissariat for Jewish Affairs's policy of deporting Jews, Dupnitsa also was between June 1943 and September 1944 the site of a ghetto for 1,624 Jews expelled from Sofia , even though there was ultimately no exterminations of Jews resident within Bulgaria's pre-war borders. Nowadays Dupnitsa is a fast-developing town combining new buildings with modern architecture with its historical monuments. Because of its beautiful location at

765-538: The Macedonian Question could not be resolved if it is formulated as a part of a Bulgarian national question . After the Ilinden Uprising, this Group insisted on cooperation with all ethnic and religious groups in the Ottoman Empire and envisioned the inclusion of Macedonia and the district of Adrianople in a Balkan Federation. However the idea of Macedonian autonomy was strictly political and did not imply

816-570: The National Cup . The team played with success in Europe, defeating at home powerhouses such as Bayern Munich , Aberdeen and Ferencvaros . The Volleyball club Marek Union - Ivkoni is from the town. Dupnitsa also has strong traditions in chess, kick-boxing, baseball. The names Tobinitsa , Doupla and Dubnitsa are used throughout its history. Dubnitsa survived until the Liberation of Bulgaria , when

867-511: The Ohrid-Debar Uprising , organised jointly by IMRO and the Albanians of Western Macedonia. After the wars , Pirin Macedonia was ceded in 1913 to Bulgaria and Sandanski resettled again in the Kingdom where he was killed in 1915 by his political opponents. The Macedonian liberation movement consisted of three major factions. Led by his excessive ambitions, Sandanski came into conflict with

918-647: The Second Constitutional Era Sandanski (in association with Hristo Chernopeev , Chudomir Kantardziev , Aleksandar Buynov and others) contacted the Young Turks and started legal operation. After the disintegration of IMARO, they tried to set up the Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization (MORO). Later, the congress for MORO's official inauguration failed and Sandanski and Chernopeev started to work towards

969-695: The Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee (SMAC) in 1895 during the Committee's cheta action into the Pomaks-inhabited regions of the Western Rhodopes . In 1897 in Dupnitsa, a new detachment of the Supreme Committee was formed, under the leadership of Krastyo Zahariev, where Sandanski joined too. After the detachment entered Pirin Mountains, it encountered Ottoman troops. In one of the battles Sandanski

1020-453: The fall of communism he is described by some nationalist historians as a betrayer of the Bulgarian national interests in Macedonia. Sandanski is portrayed by them as an Ottomanist , and collaborationist of the Young Turks, seen as Bulgarian enemies, and as the man who started the fratricidal war into the IMRO. He has been accused also of being transformed himself from a revolutionary into a businessperson whose political motivation became only

1071-462: The " Centralists ", after its dissolution in 1903) aimed also at autonomy. But they did not expected inclusion in a Balkan Socialist Federation and had not so extreme policy by their relation to Sofia. These political differences led to sharp conflict between them. Arguably Sandanski's greatest sin in the context of the whole movement were the assassinations of the vojvod Michail Daev and later of Ivan Garvanov and Boris Sarafov , both members of

SECTION 20

#1733094401657

1122-423: The "Galevi brothers". Using intimidation and extortion, and with the help of corrupt policemen, they controlled Dupnitsa to the extent that they have been described as "the owners of the first private town in Bulgaria". Hristov and Galev are fugitives after having been sentenced to five and four years respectively but are still believed to control the town. According to the 2021 census, the population of Dupnitsa

1173-518: The Bulgarians who perished in the Balkan wars and World War I . On the same hill there lay the ruins of a medieval fortress. During World War II over 4,000 Jews from parts of Greece and Yugoslavia annexed by Bulgaria were arrested on 4 March 1943 and deported, some to an internment camp in Dupnitsa. Many of them were from Komotini and Xanthi . After 11 to 12 days in the Dupnitsa camp, on 18 – 19 March they were transferred by train to Lom on

1224-693: The E coast of Ioannes Paulus II Peninsula, Livingston Island , Antarctica was named after him by the Bulgarian Antarctic Expedition. Dupnitsa Dupnitsa , or Dupnica ( Bulgarian : Дупница (previously Дубница ), pronounced [ˈdupnit͡sɐ] ), is a town in Western Bulgaria. It is at the foot of the highest mountains in the Balkan Peninsula – the Rila Mountains , and about 50 km (31 mi) south of

1275-591: The IMARO's Central Committee. He came to regret these and other murders later. Because of that he was even sentenced to death by the Centralists . The Bulgarian authorities investigated the assassinations and suspected Sandanski was the main force behind them. On the other hand, he was amnestied by the Bulgarian Parliament after the support he gave to the Bulgarian Army during the Balkan wars . There was,

1326-529: The atrocity of Serbs over the local population, former IMRO members began restoration of the organizational network. In the same period a group around Petar Chaulev began negotiations with the Albanian revolutionaries. The temporary Albanian government proposed to them a common revolt to be organized and risen. The negotiations from the part of the Organization had to be carried by Petar Chaulev . The Bulgarian government believed however, that it would not come to

1377-485: The capital Sofia . Dupnitsa is the second largest town in Kyustendil Province . The town has existed since ancient times. The German traveller Arnold von Harff visited Dupnitsa in 1499 and described it as a "beautiful town". The names Tobinitsa , Doupla and Dubnitsa are mentioned throughout history, the last one used until the Liberation of Bulgaria , when the official name was changed to Dupnitsa . In 1948

1428-478: The compatriots, who convinced Sandanski to accept such leftist ideas , were Bulgarian socialists , most of whom were non-Macedonian in origin. The designation Macedonian then was an umbrella term covering different nationalities in the area and when applied to the Slavic speakers in Ottoman Macedonia , it denoted mainly the then Bulgarian ethnic community there. However, contrary to Bulgarian assertions, his ideas of

1479-556: The districts of Serres and Gorna Dzhumaja in the Pirin region, and that is why the people gave him the nickname " Pirin Tsar " (Pirinski Tsar). He was also one from the organizers of the Miss Stone Affair - America's first modern hostage crisis. On September 3, 1901, a Protestant missionary named Ellen Stone set out on horseback across the mountainous hinterlands of Macedonia and was ambushed by

1530-809: The east of Monastir and to the west of Thrace . The failure of the Ilinden insurrection resulted in the eventual split of the IMARO into a left (federalist) faction in the Seres and Strumica districts and a right-wing faction (centralists) in the Bitola , Salonica and Uskub districts. The left-wing faction opposed Bulgarian nationalism and advocated the creation of a Balkan Socialist Federation with equality for all subjects and nationalities. The centralist faction of IMARO, moved towards Bulgarian nationalism as its regions became incursed of Serb and Greek armed bands, which started infiltrating Macedonia after 1903. The years 1905–1907 saw

1581-588: The first days of Young Turk Revolution , the collaboration of the Macedonian leftists with the Ottoman activists was stated in a special Manifesto to all the nationalities of the Empire . The loyalty to the Empire declared by Sandanski deliberately blurred the distinction between Macedonian and Ottoman political agenda. This ideological transition was quite smooth as long as the rhetoric of Macedonian autonomist supra-nationalism

Yane Sandanski - Misplaced Pages Continue

1632-467: The foot of the Rila mountain, the town is marvelous holiday destination. One of the main branches of industry is the pharmaceutical company Actavis (formerly HeFeKa, in Bulgarian ХФК), which gives employment to about 30 to 40 percent of the citizens. Small business is developing rapidly due to the town's economic growth. Dupnitsa is famous for its cultural festivals. From 1 May to 2 June many festivals are held in

1683-496: The influence of leftist ideas, tried to solve the Macedonian Question by uniting all the Balkan peoples. In North Macedonia Sandanski is considered a national hero and one of the most prominent revolutionary figures of the 20th century. However, some Macedonian mainstream specialists on the history of local revolutionary movement, like Ivan Katardžiev and Zoran Todorovski , argued that the political separatism of Sandanski represented

1734-539: The left wing of the organisation. He supported the idea of a Balkan Federation , and Macedonia as an autonomous state within its framework , as an ultimate solution of the national problems in the area. During the Second Constitutional Era he became an Ottoman politician and entrepreneur, collaborating with the Young Turks and founded the Bulgarian People's Federative Party . Sandanski took up arms on

1785-598: The majority — the Centralists in IMARO and the Varhovists . Although initially a member of the Bulgarian nationalistic Varhovists band, later Yane Sandanski and his Serres group (the Federalists ) proclaimed a fight for an autonomous Macedonia which was to be included in a Balkan Socialist Federation . In this manner, the policy of Sofia was completely identified to the adversary character of Athens and Belgrade . The activists of Serres nonetheless stipulated that

1836-473: The money earning. On the contrary, in North Macedonia, the positive connotation of him, created in the times of Communist Yugoslavia is still alive. Since then the Macedonian historiography has emphasized the particularity of the IMRO's left wing, while in fact Yugoslav communism and Macedonian nationalism are closely related. Thus, he is portrayed by the Macedonian historians as a freedom fighter against

1887-534: The name Dupnitsa. There are five rivers flowing in the vicinity. Dupnitsa is referred to as "The Green and Shady Town", because of its location which makes it quite shady in summer and due to the abundance of trees in the town. Dupnitsa is called "The Little Italy of Bulgaria". This nickname comes from the fact that many inhabitants have gone over the years to work and live in Italy and every summer they return to their home town (see: Bulgarians in Italy ). Another nickname of

1938-818: The nationalities within a reformed Empire. After Bulgaria lost the Balkan Wars and as result most of Macedonia was ceded to Greece and Serbia, Sandanski attempted to organize the assassination of Bulgarian Tsar Ferdinand I , but it failed. He and his wing officially supported then the Russophiles from the Democratic Party . The Centralists organised several unsuccessful assassination attempts against Sandanski. They came closest to achieving their goal in Thessaloniki , where Tane Nikolov managed to kill two other Federalists and heavily wounded Sandanski. Eventually, Sandanski

1989-553: The native leaders in the region. However, this does not mean, he regarded the Bulgarian Macedonian population as a separate Macedonian nation . Also, all the main ideologists, who indoctrinated Sandanski with these leftist ideas, were socialists from Bulgaria proper. Mercia MacDermott who is author of a biographical book on Sandanski, has admitted she has had a real battle over such controversial figure. Nevertheless, she has described him as Bulgarian revolutionary, who under

2040-473: The official name was changed to Dupnitsa . In 1948 the town was renamed Stanke Dimitrov ; in 1949 it was called Marek ; the name was once again changed to Stanke Dimitrov in 1950. After the " democratic changes ," the name Dupnitsa was restored. Dupnitsa is located at an altitude of 500 m in a valley, surrounded by hills. Its location, as seen from above, resembles a hole (дупка, dupka in Bulgarian), hence

2091-469: The particular interests of the "Bulgarian nationality" in the Empire. In 1909 the group around Sandanski and Chernopeev participated in the rally of the Young Turks to Istanbul that led to the deposition of sultan Abdul Hamid II from the throne. Sandanski dreamed about the creation of a Balkan Federative Republic according to the plans of the Balkan Socialist Federation and Macedonia as

Yane Sandanski - Misplaced Pages Continue

2142-429: The side of Bulgaria during the Balkan Wars (1912–13). Finally he was involved in Bulgarian public life again, but was eventually killed by the rivalling IMARO right-wing faction activists. Sandanski's legacy remains disputed among Bulgarian and Macedonian historiography today. Macedonian historians refer to him in an attempt to demonstrate the existence of Macedonian nationalism or at least proto-nationalism within

2193-562: The split between the two factions, when in 1907 Todor Panitsa killed the right-wing activists Boris Sarafov and Ivan Garvanov in order of Sandanski. The Kjustendil congress of the right faction of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) in 1908, sentenced Sandanski to death, and led to a final disintegration of the organization. After the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 and during

2244-565: The town due to the richness of the Bulgarian holiday calendar. The nightlife is very well developed. There are a lot of local pubs and clubs where young people meet and have fun. A few other popular places for socializing are the recently refurbished Town Park and the Town Garden (Градска градина, Gradska gradina ). In recent years the town has become notorious due to the activities of an organised crime group led by pair of Bulgarian gangsters, former policemen Angel Hristov and Plamen Galev, known as

2295-419: The town was renamed Stanke Dimitrov ; for a short period in 1949 it was called Marek ; the name was changed to Stanke Dimitrov in 1950. After the democratic changes , the old name Dupnitsa was restored. On 15 October 1902, around 600 women and children fled to the vicinity of Dupnitsa from Macedonia from the attacking Turkish troops. On a hill overlooking the town there is a giant cross, commemorating

2346-594: The wild beast and deliberately spelt his name without capital letters. Despite being an extreme leftist , he had never rejected the Bulgarian Exarchate as an institution, or denied that it had a role to play in the life of the Macedonian Bulgarians . Sandanski also collaborated later with the Young Turks , opposing other factions of IMARO, which fought against the Ottoman authorities in this period. During

2397-595: The “ Greater Bulgarian chauvinism” and the “Turkish yoke”. Sandanski was born on 18 May 1872 in the village of Vlahi , near Kresna , then in the Ottoman Empire , now in Bulgaria. His father Ivan participated in the Kresna–Razlog Uprising as a standard-bearer . In 1879, after the crush of the uprising, his family moved to Dupnitsa , in the recently established Principality of Bulgaria , where Sandanski received his elementary education. From 1892 to 1894 he

2448-666: Was a soldier in the Bulgarian Army . Sandanski was an active supporter of Radoslavov's wing of the Liberal Party and shortly after it came to power in February 1899, he was appointed head of the Dupnitsa prison. Because of that, his name " Sandanski " distorted from " Zindanski " that comes from Turkish " Zindancı " (lit. Dungeon Keeper or Jailer ). Yane Sandanski was involved in the Revolutionary Movement in Macedonia and Thrace and became one of its leaders. He joined initially

2499-459: Was already quite close to the Ottomanist idea of the so-called unity of the elements . During the honeymoon of Serres revolutionaries and Ottoman authorities, it was the internationalist ideas of Bulgarian socialist activists that left their stamp on Sandanski's agenda: what was seen as national interests had to be subdued to the pan-Ottoman ones in order to achieve a supra-national union of all

2550-511: Was killed near the Rozhen Monastery on April 22, 1915, while travelling from Melnik to Nevrokop , by local IMARO activists. While Sandanski's legacy remains disputed among Bulgarian and Macedonian historiography, there have been attempts among international scholars to reconcile his conflicting and controversial activity. According to the Turkish professor of history Mehmet Hacısalihoğlu, who

2601-420: Was wounded and his older brother Todor, who was also in this detachment, returned him to Bulgaria for treatment. In the next years, Sandanski was a SMAC activist in the Pirin region, but in 1900 returned to become a director of the local prison in Dupnitsa. In 1901, Sandanski switched to the Internal Macedono-Adrianopolitan Revolutionary Organization (IMARO). He built up the organization’s network of committees in

SECTION 50

#1733094401657
#656343