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20-584: The name Yahukimo is a combined word from the names of the tribes living in the area, the Yali , Hubla , Kimyal and Momuna . Yahukimo Regency is located in Highland Papua Province, Indonesia. Its geography consists mostly of mountainous areas and highlands. The regency has mountainous terrain and dense forests, with altitudes varying from lowlands to high mountains. This hilly topography makes access to some areas difficult and isolated. In addition, Yahukimo

40-483: A diameter of 10 cm or more) and are flat at the top. The large kobewaks are used to hold tobacco and other valuables. The directions of the kobeba depend on the social status of the wearer, straight upright meant the wearer is virgin male. If it leans to the right, the wearer is brave, rich, and nobleman, on the other hand, leaning left, meant the wearer is descendant of Panglima Perang or Apendabogur (war chief). Meanwhile Lani women wear two types of skirt made of barks,

60-425: A remote and difficult-to-access area. Incident On December 9, 2005 , it was reported that around 55 residents of Krapon District died of starvation due to being late in planting tubers (hipere) which are a food source in the area. The area is remote and can only be reached by plane. The existing Yahukimo regency comprises fifty-one districts ( distrik ), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at

80-478: A sacred house for boys and men rituals called usa yowi . The Yali practices  exogamous moieties , as they believed they were the descendant of two brothers, Winda and Waya. While in Anggruk and Ninia Districts, the brothers are called Kabak and Pahabol. All Yali clans belong to either one moiety, and marriage of clans inside a moiety group is strictly prohibited and considered incest  (pabi). Punishment in

100-672: Is also crossed by several rivers and has a high diversity of flora and fauna. The climate in this area is generally tropical with quite high rainfall throughout the year. Yahukimo Regency has a diverse population with several indigenous Papuan ethnic groups dominating the region. The tribes found in Yahukimo Regency are Yali, Hupla, Kimyal, Momuna, Una-Ukam, Mek, Yalimek, Ngalik, Tokuni, Obini, Karowai, Duwe, Obukain, Kopkaka and Bese. Local Papuan languages are often used in everyday life, in addition to Indonesian. The population density in Yahukimo

120-646: Is by air. The villages are only accessible by walking for several hours. These territories are collectively called Yalimu , sometimes spelled Yalimo . To the west of Yalimu lives the Hubula (Dani), and to the northwest, partially in the mountains, the Lani . To the north are the territories of the Kem and the Walak . To the east are the territories of other Mek groups and the Kimyal , while to

140-573: Is called sabiyab . The more the rattan rings indicate more prestige and bravery, since rattan grew outside of Yali territory, hence difficult to obtain. The rattan ring also functions as a fire starter . The humi of the Yali are long and thin made from dried bottle gourd , and secured with the rattan. Their heads are occasionally covered with hair nets, which have a pointed end at the neck. They are decorated with feathers and furs from cassowary , yalme, cuscus , while fur from sugarglider are used to decorate

160-546: Is relatively low compared to other areas in Papua, largely due to the difficult terrain and underdeveloped infrastructure. Most people live in small settlements scattered throughout the area. The economy in Yahukimo is largely based on subsistence agriculture, with some people also involved in hunting and forest gathering. Overall, Yahukimo's demographics reflect the diversity of local Papuan cultures and traditions, with challenges related to developing basic infrastructure and services in

180-556: The Dani in the Ngalik-Nduga subfamily, the other one related to the Mek . They in turn are split into more sub-groups with their own dialects. The settlement territory of the Yali lies between the rivers Ubahak to the east and Sibi, Yahuli, and Podeng to the west. Their major settlements are Anggruk and Kosarek Districts, which are isolated by challenging geography. The major access to their territory

200-762: The Dani people who inhabit the Baliem Valley to the east. First contact with the populous Lani was made in October 1920 during the Central New Guinea Expedition , in which a group of explorers stayed for six months with them at their farms in the upper Swart River Valley (now Toli Valley , Tolikara Regency ). The first white people to live among the Lani of Kanggime  [ id ] in Tolikara were John "Tolibaga" and Helen "Tukwe" Dekker, under whose ministry

220-562: The 2010 Census and the 2020 Census. The regency has a greater number of districts within it than any other regency in Indonesia; however, proposals are currently under consideration by the Indonesian government to divide Yahukimo Regency into several new regencies. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 510 rural kampung and 1 urban kelurahan -

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240-487: The Christian population among the Lani grew to 13,000. The total population of Lani tribes in the 1980s, as reported by Douglas Hayward in his book The Dani of Irian Jaya, Before and After Conversion was around 200,000 people. The most distinguishable feature of the Lani and Dani tribes are their kotekas, or penis gourds made from the bottle gourd. Lani men wear kobewak or kobeba , which are thicker and larger (can have

260-536: The common diet. In a patriarchal society, the men are responsible for building houses and hunting, while women grow and gather food. Today the Yali are of Christian religion, mainly Protestant . Until the 1970s there were reports of cannibalism . The Christian missionaries stopped several feuds between villages; old war rituals and ancestor cults were forgotten. The Yali live in villages called opumbuk , which consists of yowi , hut for men, homea or humi , hut for women, wam ibam , pig house for livestocks, and

280-460: The creator of the universe. Before disappearing in the west ( Baliem Valley ), he taught the Yali customs and asked to be worshipped. Gradually, his name's pronunciation changed to become Yali. In general, the Yali are split into two groups, Yali (mo) and Yali Mek, which live in Yalimo Regency and Yahukimo Regency , respectively. They also speak two different languages, the first one related to

300-788: The one of the Dani, the names of wilig lumpaleg are formed by combining the clan names. However, unlike the Dani, Yali confederations can be formed from clans from one moiety group. The even larger group is called ap ahe , as the clans have spread to many regions and may now belong to other tribes, like the Lani ;and the Dani, though they are still believed to be related and descend from one founder (ap ahe). Lani people The Lani are an indigenous people in Puncak , Central Papua and Lanny Jaya , Highland Papua , usually labelled 'Western Dani' by foreign missionaries, or grouped—inaccurately—with

320-487: The past would have been death, though after discouragement by Christian missionaries, the punishment for incest is more lenient. Clans in Yali are called  unggul , and all members believed in one origin myth; they are then part of a larger  unggul uwag . This larger group have multiple origin myths, though carrying the same clan names. Unggul uwag  groups then joined together with another to form  wilig lumpaleg ; these are sometimes called confederations. Like

340-400: The place where the sun rises (East)." The -mu suffix is added to indicate 'place', the phrase O Yalimu refers to the Yali people's traditional region. Another origin for the name is its association with the mythical character Yeli, who was impervious to death even after being cut. Because humans, animals, trees, and other living things sprouted from his severed body parts, he was revered as

360-415: The south are the territories of Momuna people. Accounts of the population size vary according to the source. In 1991, it was estimated to be 15,000 or 30,000. While according to the 2010 Indonesian census , the population was 133,812; however, this figure included Ngalik people. Traditionally the men are only clothed with a penis sheath ( humi ) and rattan rings around the waist, this combined attire

380-612: The tip of the penis gourds. The skin are painted with clay or charcoal, and boar tusks are fashioned to necklace or nose accessories. The women wear a short skirt made of reed called kem or kem lahuog . Their heads also carry noken called sum . However, T-shirts and trousers or skirts and blouses are becoming more common. The Yali use sweet potatoes and taro as their staple foods, which are grown using shifting cultivation . Other food sources are hunting and gathering. For festivities such as weddings pigs are slaughtered, which are only being kept extensively. Fruits are not part of

400-496: The town of Obolma), and its postal code. Yali people Yali are a major tribal group in Highland Papua, Indonesia , and live to the east of the Baliem Valley , mainly in Yalimo Regency , Yahukimo Regency , and the surrounding regions. The Yali and Dani word for "lands of the east" is yali , from where the Yali took it. When combined, the words ya (path/connecting staircases) and li (light) means "people from

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