Xilleon is a brand for a family of SoCs combining a low-power CPU with ASICs for accelerated video decompression and further functions for major worldwide broadcast networks (including PAL , NTSC , SECAM and ATSC ) targeting digital television (i.e. products like set-top boxes , Integrated digital television , digital television adapters , smart TVs , etc.).
43-503: Most Xilleon-branded SoCs have a It was revealed that the next generation of AVIVO , named as Unified Video Decoder (UVD) was based on Xilleon video processor to provide hardware decoding of H.264 , and VC-1 video codec standards. Both AMD TrueAudio and AMD's Unified Video Decoder (UVD) are based on the Cadence Tensilica Xtensa processor, which was originally licensed by ATI Technologies Inc. in 2004. Owner's of
86-432: A computer for playback and/or processing potentially allows a broader choice of video players and/or editing software not limited to the quality offered by the embedded consumer electronics device, so at least theoretically higher deinterlacing quality is possible – especially if the user can pre-convert interlaced video to progressive scan before playback and advanced and time-consuming deinterlacing algorithms (i.e. employing
129-555: A cost functional. The authors of Real-Time Deep Video Deinterlacer use Deep CNN to get the best quality of output video. Deinterlacing of an interlaced video signal can be done at various points in the TV production chain. Deinterlacing is required for interlaced archive programs when the broadcast format or media format is progressive, as in EDTV 576p or HDTV 720p50 broadcasting, or mobile DVB-H broadcasting; there are two ways to achieve this. When
172-413: A part of the very same progressive frame. However, to match 50 field interlaced PAL/SECAM or 59.94/60 field interlaced NTSC signal, frame rate conversion is necessary using various "pulldown" techniques. Most advanced TV sets can restore the original 24 frame/s signal using an inverse telecine process. Another option is to speed up 24-frame film by 4% (to 25 frames/s) for PAL/SECAM conversion; this method
215-459: A rate of 25 frames/sec or 50 fields/sec, while the NTSC system delivers 29.97 frames/sec or 59.94 fields/sec. This process of dividing frames into half-resolution fields at double the frame rate is known as interlacing . Since the interlaced signal contains the two fields of a video frame shot at two different times, it enhances motion perception to the viewer and reduces flicker by taking advantage of
258-430: A series of frames (still images) in rapid succession; however, television systems read the captured image by serially scanning the image sensor by lines (rows). In analog television, each frame is divided into two consecutive fields , one containing all even lines, another with the odd lines. The fields are captured in succession at a rate twice that of the nominal frame rate. For instance, PAL and SECAM systems have
301-451: A stationary or a smoothly moving image. Different deinterlacing methods have different quality and speed characteristics. Usually, to measure quality of deinterlacing method, the following approach is used: The main speed measurement metric is frames per second (FPS) - how many frames deinterlacer is able to process per second. Talking about FPS, it is necessary to specify the resolution of all frames and hardware characteristics, because
344-842: Is a set of hardware and low level software features present on the ATI Radeon R520 family of GPUs and all later ATI Radeon products. ATI Avivo was designed to offload video decoding , encoding , and post-processing from a computer's CPU to a compatible GPU. ATI Avivo compatible GPUs have lower CPU usage when a player and decoder software that support ATI Avivo is used. ATI Avivo has been long superseded by Unified Video Decoder (UVD) and Video Coding Engine (VCE). The GPU wars between ATI and NVIDIA have resulted in GPUs with ever-increasing processing power since early 2000s. To parallel this increase in speed and power, both GPU makers needed to increase video quality as well, in 3D graphics applications
387-424: Is bi-directional motion adaptive deinterlacer. NNEDI method uses a Neural Network to deinterlace video sequences. FFmpeg Bob Weaver Deinterlacing Filter is the part of well-known framework for video and audio processing. Vapoursynth EEDI3 is the abbreviation for "enhanced edge directed interpolation 3", authors of this method state that it works by finding the best non-decreasing warping between two lines according to
430-559: Is now also available for use with HD 4800 and HD 4600 series graphics cards and is included with the Catalyst 8.12 drivers. Support for Vista x64 is available via a separate download starting with Catalyst 9.6 (9-6_vista32-64_xcode). The new software is faster than Badaboom, an encoder that uses NVIDIA's CUDA to accelerate encoding, but has a higher CPU utilization than Badaboom. One review reported visual problems with iPod and WMV playback using Catalyst version 8.12, and although concluding there
473-446: Is only visual comparison, for others - only objective. This benchmark has compared more than 20 methods on 40 video sequences. Total length of the sequences is 834 frames. Its authors state that the main feature of this benchmark is the comprehensive comparison of methods with visual comparison tools, performance plots and parameter tuning. Authors used PSNR and SSIM as objective metrics. VapourSynth TDeintMod author states that it
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#1732883898040516-516: Is released in August 2012. As of 2013, the package is no longer offered by AMD. During capturing, ATI Avivo amplifies the source, automatically adjust its brightness and contrast. ATI Avivo implements 12-bit transform to reduce data loss during conversion; it also utilizes motion adaptive 3D comb filter, automatic color control, automatic gain control, hardware noise reduction and edge enhancement technologies for better video playback quality. In decoding,
559-441: Is sometimes confused with deinterlacing in general, or with interpolation (image scaling) which uses spatial filtering to generate extra lines and hence reduce the visibility of pixelation on any type of display. The terminology 'line doubler' is used more frequently in high end consumer electronics, while 'deinterlacing' is used more frequently in the computer and digital video arena. More advanced deinterlacing algorithms combine
602-475: Is still widely used for DVDs, as well as television broadcasts (SD & HD) in the PAL markets. DVDs can either encode movies using one of these methods, or store original 24 frame/s progressive video and use MPEG-2 decoder tags to instruct the video player on how to convert them to the interlaced format. Most movies on Blu-rays have preserved the original non interlaced 24 frame/s motion film rate and allow output in
645-562: Is the ATI Avivo HD, which consists of several parts: integrated 5.1 surround sound HDMI audio controller, dual integrated HDCP encryption key for each DVI port (to reduce license costs), the Theater 200 chip for VIVO capabilities, the Xilleon chip for TV overscan and underscan correction, the Theater 200 chip as well as the originally-presented ATI Avivo Video Converter . However, most of
688-702: The persistence of vision effect. This results in an effective doubling of time resolution as compared with non-interlaced footage (for frame rates equal to field rates). However, interlaced signal requires a display that is natively capable of showing the individual fields in a sequential order, and only traditional CRT -based TV sets are capable of displaying interlaced signal, due to the electronic scanning and lack of apparent fixed resolution. Most modern displays, such as LCD , DLP and plasma displays , are not able to work in interlaced mode, because they are fixed-resolution displays and only support progressive scanning. In order to display interlaced signal on such displays,
731-434: The "production" method). However, the quality of both free and commercial consumer-grade software may not be up to the level of professional software and equipment. Also, most users are not trained in video production; this often causes poor results as many people do not know much about deinterlacing and are unaware that the frame rate is half the field rate. Many codecs/players do not even deinterlace by themselves and rely on
774-520: The CPU for transcoding, but have been locked for exclusive use with the ATI X1000 series of GPUs. Software modifications have made it possible to use version 1.12 of converter on a wider range of graphics adapters. The ATI Avivo Video Converter for Windows Vista was available with the release of Catalyst 7.9 (September 2007 release, version 8.411). The ATI Avivo Video Converter with GPU transcoding acceleration
817-668: The GPU core capable of surround sound output eliminates the need for S/PDIF connection from motherboard or sound card to the video card, for synchronous video and audio output via HDMI cable. The Radeon HD 2900 series lacked the UVD feature, but still was given the ATI Avivo HD label. ATI has also released a transcoder software dubbed "ATI Avivo Video Converter", which supports transcoding between H.264, VC-1, WMV 9, WMV9 PMC , MPEG-2, MPEG-4 , DivX video formats, as well as formats used in iPod and PSP . Earlier versions of this software uses only
860-429: The GPU core supports hardware decoding of H.264, VC-1, WMV9, and MPEG-2 videos to lower CPU utilization (the bitstream processing/entropy decoding still requires CPU processing). ATI Avivo supports vector adaptive de-interlacing and video scaling to reduce jaggies , and spatial/temporal dithering, which attempts to simulate 10-bit color quality on 8-bit and 6-bit displays during process stage. The successor of ATI Avivo
903-524: The LCD TVs by creating additional frames to form a smoother motion. AMD had signed an agreement with DivX, Inc. to allow several of the future Xilleon video processors to implement hardware DivX video decoding with DivX certification in January 2008. However, as a result of company restructuring, AMD has divested the digital TV chipset business starting from the second quarter of 2008. AVIVO ATI Avivo
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#1732883898040946-854: The alternating lines seamlessly. However, since the early 2000s, displays such as televisions and computer monitors have become almost entirely digital - in that the display is composed of discrete pixels - and on such displays the interlacing becomes noticeable and can appear as a distracting visual defect. The deinterlacing process should try to minimize these. Deinterlacing is thus a necessary process and comes built-in to most modern DVD players, Blu-ray players, LCD/LED televisions, digital projectors, TV set-top boxes, professional broadcast equipment, and computer video players and editors - although each with varying levels of quality. Deinterlacing has been researched for decades and employs complex processing algorithms; however, consistent results have been very hard to achieve. Both video and photographic film capture
989-938: The brand Xilleon were ATI Technologies , later Advanced Micro Devices , now Broadcom . While AMD announced the completion of acquisition of ATI Technologies on the third quarter of 2006, the Xilleon products would be sold under the AMD brand as AMD Xilleon . On August 25, 2008, the Xilleon line was sold to the semiconductor company Broadcom . A new line of Xilleon video processors for flat panel LCD TVs , named as Xilleon panel processors with four models 410, 411, 420 and 421, were announced on CES 2008. Supporting 1080p video resolution and featuring Technology advanced motion estimation , motion compensation and frame rate conversion technology based on enhanced phase-plane correlation technology, which converts 24 or 60 Hz input video signals to 100 or 120 Hz refresh rates used in most of
1032-508: The broadcast format or media format is interlaced, real-time deinterlacing should be performed by embedded circuitry in a set-top box, television, external video processor, DVD or DVR player, or TV tuner card. Since consumer electronics equipment is typically far cheaper, has considerably less processing power and uses simpler algorithms compared to professional deinterlacing equipment, the quality of deinterlacing may vary broadly and typical results are often poor even on high-end equipment. Using
1075-442: The deinterlacing process should consider this as well. Typical movie material is shot on 24 frames/s film. Converting film to interlaced video typically uses a process called telecine whereby each frame is converted to multiple fields. In some cases, each film frame can be presented by exactly two progressive segmented frames (PsF), and in this format it does not require a complex deinterlacing algorithm because each field contains
1118-412: The display of older video games lagging behind controller input. Many TVs thus have a "game mode" in which minimal processing is done in order to maximize speed at the expense of image quality. Deinterlacing is only partly responsible for such lag; scaling also involves complex algorithms that take milliseconds to run. Some interlaced video may have been originally created from progressive footage, and
1161-834: The display to buffer one or more fields and recombine them into full frames. In theory this would be as simple as capturing one field and combining it with the next field to be received, producing a single frame. However, the originally recorded signal was produced from two fields at different points in time, and without special processing any motion across the fields usually results in a "combing" effect where alternate lines are slightly displaced from each other. There are various methods to deinterlace video, each producing different problems or artifacts of its own. Some methods are much cleaner in artifacts than other methods. Most deinterlacing techniques fall under three broad groups: Modern deinterlacing systems therefore buffer several fields and use techniques like edge detection in an attempt to find
1204-542: The first containing all the odd lines of the image, and the second all the even lines. Analog television employed this technique because it allowed for less transmission bandwidth while keeping a high frame rate for smoother and more life-like motion. A non-interlaced (or progressive scan ) signal that uses the same bandwidth only updates the display half as often and was found to create a perceived flicker or stutter. CRT-based displays were able to display interlaced video correctly due to their complete analog nature, blending in
1247-498: The focus in increasing quality has mainly fallen on anti-aliasing and anisotropic filtering . However it has dawned upon both companies that video quality on the PC would need improvement as well and the current APIs provided by both companies have not seen many improvements over a few generations of GPUs. Therefore, ATI decided to revamp its GPU's video processing capability with ATI Avivo, in order to compete with NVIDIA PureVideo API. In
1290-744: The full detail of the face in both output frames by combining the images together, moving parts of each field along the detected direction by the detected amount of movement. Deinterlacers that use this technique are often superior because they can use information from many fields, as opposed to just one or two, however they require powerful hardware to achieve this in real-time. Motion compensation needs to be combined with scene change detection (which has its own challenges), otherwise it will attempt to find motion between two completely different scenes. A poorly implemented motion compensation algorithm would interfere with natural motion and could lead to visual artifacts which manifest as "jumping" parts in what should be
1333-541: The graphics card and video acceleration API to do proper deinterlacing. The European Broadcasting Union argued against the use of interlaced video in production and broadcasting, recommending 720p 50 fps (frames per second) as then-current production format and working with the industry to introduce 1080p 50 as a future-proof production standard until the early 2010s, which offered higher vertical resolution, better quality at lower bitrates, and easier conversion to other formats such as 720p50 and 1080i50. The main argument
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1376-552: The important hardware decoding functions of ATI Avivo HD are provided by the accompanied Unified Video Decoder ( UVD ) and the Advanced Video Processor (AVP) which supports hardware decoding of H.264 /AVC and VC-1 videos (and included bitstream processing/entropy decoding which was absent in last generation ATI Avivo). For MPEG-1 , MPEG-2 , and MPEG-4 / DivX videos, motion compensation and iDCT (inverse discrete cosine transform) will be done instead. The AVP retrieves
1419-405: The motion between the fields. This is then used to interpolate the missing lines from the original field, reducing the combing effect. These methods take the even and odd fields and combine them into one frame. They retain the full vertical resolution at the expense of the temporal resolution (perceived frame-rate) whereby 50i/60i is converted to 24p/25p/30p which may lose the smooth, fluid feel of
1462-440: The original. However, if the interlaced signal was originally produced from a lower frame-rate source such as film, then no information is lost and these methods may suffice. These methods take each field (with only half the lines) and extend it to the entire screen to make a frame. This may halve the vertical resolution of the image but aims to maintain the original field-rate (50i or 60i is converted to 50p or 60p). Line doubling
1505-435: The process, which is hard to achieve consistently. There are several techniques available that extrapolate the missing picture information, however they rather fall into the category of intelligent frame creation and require complex algorithms and substantial processing power. Deinterlacing techniques require complex processing and thus can introduce a delay into the video feed. While not generally noticeable, this can result in
1548-410: The progressive 1080p24 format directly to display devices, with no conversion necessary. Some 1080i HDV camcorders also offer PsF mode with cinema-like frame rates of 24 or 25 frame/s. TV production crews can also use special film cameras which operate at 25 or 30 frame/s, where such material does not need framerate conversion for broadcasting in the intended video system format. Deinterlacing requires
1591-475: The speed of specific deinterlacing method significantly depends on these two factors. This benchmark has compared 8 different deinterlacing methods on a synthetic video. There is a moving 3-dimensional Lissajous curve on the video in order to make it challenging for the modern deinterlacing methods. The authors used MSE and PSNR as objective metrics. Also, they measure processing speed in FPS . For some methods there
1634-465: The time of release of the latest generation Radeon HD series, the successor, the ATI Avivo HD was announced, and was presented on every Radeon HD 2600 and 2400 video cards to be available July, 2007 after NVIDIA announced similar hardware acceleration solution, PureVideo HD . In 2011 Avivo is renamed to AMD Media Codec Package , an optional component of the AMD Catalyst software. The last version
1677-448: The traditional field combination methods (weaving and blending) and frame extension methods (bob or line doubling) to create a high quality progressive video sequence. One of the basic hints to the direction and amount of motion would be the direction and length of combing artifacts in the interlaced signal. The best algorithms also try to predict the direction and the amount of image motion between subsequent fields in order to better blend
1720-491: The two fields together. They may employ algorithms similar to block motion compensation used in video compression. For example, if two fields had a person's face moving to the left, weaving would create combing, and blending would create ghosting. Advanced motion compensation (ideally) would see that the face in several fields is the same image, just moved to a different position, and would try to detect direction and amount of such motion. The algorithm would then try to reconstruct
1763-452: The two interlaced fields must be converted to one progressive frame with a process known as de-interlacing . However, when the two fields taken at different points in time are re-combined to a full frame displayed at once, visual defects called interlace artifacts or combing occur with moving objects in the image. A good deinterlacing algorithm should try to avoid interlacing artifacts as much as possible and not sacrifice image quality in
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1806-474: The video from memory; handles scaling, de-interlacing and colour correction ; and writes it back to memory. The AVP also uses 12-bit transform to reduce data loss during conversion, same as previous generation ATI Avivo. HDMI supports the transfer of video together with 8-channel 96 kHz 24-bit digital audio (and optionally Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio streams for external decoding by AV receivers, since HDMI 1.3). Integration of an audio controller in
1849-538: Was no clear winners, if forced to choose would go with the Avivo converter. Deinterlace Deinterlacing is the process of converting interlaced video into a non-interlaced or progressive form. Interlaced video signals are commonly found in analog television , VHS , Laserdisc , digital television ( HDTV ) when in the 1080i format, some DVD titles, and a smaller number of Blu-ray discs. An interlaced video frame consists of two fields taken in sequence:
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