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56-734: Xiamen Open may refer to a number of sporting events contested in Xiamen : The Xiamen Open International , a women's golf tournament on the China LPGA Tour and the Ladies European Tour. The Xiamen Open (China Tour) , a men's golf tournament on the China Tour. The Xiamen Open, a beach volleyball tournament, part of the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour . Topics referred to by

112-547: A center of silk , brick , and sugar production with about a million people and extensive internal and maritime trade. Its city wall had a circumference of about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) but included a good deal of open ground and farmland. Its streets were paved with granite but badly maintained. The 800-foot (240 m) bridge across the Jiulong River consisted of wooden planks laid between 25 piles of stones at roughly equal intervals. The port of Xiamen in an island at

168-617: A city, the first of its kind in Fujian province. 思明 continues to be used as the name of one of its districts. Xiamen is the atonal pinyin romanization of the characters' pronunciation in Mandarin . It has also been romanized as Hiamen . The older English name "Amoy" was based on the same name's pronunciation in the Zhangzhou dialect of Hokkien , Ē͘-mûi . Xiamen is a sub-provincial city in southeastern Fujian whose urban core grew up from

224-594: A fight. The city was abandoned during the night and fell the next day on 27 August. The Chinese had spirited out the entire treasury of sycee bullion under the nose of the British by disguising it inside hollow logs. Xiamen being too large to garrison, a small force was left to hold Gulangyu. The next year, the Treaty of Nanjing made Xiamen one of the first five ports opened to British trade , which had previously been legally restricted to Guangzhou . Subsequent treaties opened

280-441: A horizontal line. Inside, it has Xiamen Island, Gulangyu Island and other island barriers, making it a good natural port protected from storms. Xiamen has a monsoonal humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ), characterised by long, hot and humid summers (but moderate compared to much of the rest of the province) and short, mild and dry winters. The warmest month is July, with a 24-hour average of 28.3 °C (82.9 °F), and

336-546: A major international seaport. The port of Xiamen is a well-developed first-class trunk line port in the Asia-Pacific region. It is ranked the 7th-largest container port in China and ranks 14th in the world . It is the 4th port in China with the capacity to handle 6th-generation large container ships . On 31 August 2010, Xiamen Port incorporated the neighboring port of Zhangzhou to form the largest port of China's Southeast. Ever since

392-572: A member of the Double First Class Universities , Huaqiao , Jimei , Xiamen University of Technology and Xiamen Medical College. Xiamen had always been known as Tong'an County since antiquity until Republic of China Era of the 20th century, followed by administrative zoning restructures and naming changes. Tong'an County first appeared in Han dynasty records. Xiamen Island was described as Jiahe Islet of Tong'an County during

448-400: A population of 5,163,970 as of 2020 and estimated at 5.308 million as of 31 December 2022. The urbanized area of the city has spread from its original island to include most parts of all six of its districts , as well as 4 Zhangzhou districts ( Xiangcheng , Longwen , Longhai and Changtai ), which form a built-up area of 7,284,148 inhabitants. This area also connects with Quanzhou in

504-454: A provincially administered city ( 省辖市 ). In 1955 and 1958, mainland China escalated Cold War political tensions by shelling nearby islands from Xiamen in what became known as the First and Second Taiwan Strait Crisis . The Nationalists responded by reinforcing Kinmen and shelling Xiamen. The Gaoji Causeway built from 1955 to 1957 notionally transformed Xiamen Island into a peninsula, and so it

560-692: A single urbanized area with it. The prefecture of Zhangzhou comprises the southeastern corner of the province, surrounding Xiamen . The prefecture of Quanzhou lies to its northeast, Longyan to its northwest, and Shantou in Guangdong to its southwest. Zhangzhou has a monsoon -influenced humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ), with mild to warm winters and long, very hot and humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 13.2 °C (55.8 °F) in January to 28.8 °C (83.8 °F) in July, and

616-565: A well-built fort. The inner harbor on Yundang Bay was also well fortified and these defenses were further strengthened upon the outbreak of the First Opium War . Nonetheless, Xiamen was captured in 1841 between Guangzhou and Zhoushan . Rear Adm. Parker bombarded the Qing position to little effect, but the assault by the men under Lt. Gen. Gough caused the Chinese to flee their positions without

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672-493: Is also spoken in the rural peasant area of Zhangzhou in the west and south. Babao seal paste was invented by the druggist Wei Changan as a traditional medicine in 1673. It was repurposed for artistic use a few years later and gained imperial favor under the Qianlong Emperor . It remains prized for its bright color and pleasant smell. A major petrochemical plant, producing paraxylene , owned by Taiwan-based Xianglu Group

728-586: Is also the host of the China International Fair for Investment and Trade held annually in early September to attract foreign direct investment into the Chinese mainland. Xiamen also hold Straits Forum annually. The 2019 edition kicked off in the coastal city from 15 to 21 June. More than 10,000 people attended the annual forum this year. In 2023 forecast by the city government , Xiamen is aiming for 25,000 of GDP per capita measured by USD. Xiamen has highly developed banking services. The biggest bank

784-523: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Xiamen Xiamen , historically romanized as Amoy , is a sub-provincial city in southeastern Fujian , People's Republic of China , beside the Taiwan Strait . It is divided into six districts : Huli , Siming , Jimei , Tong'an , Haicang , and Xiang'an . All together, these cover an area of 1,700.61 square kilometers (656.61 sq mi) with

840-659: Is known within China for its relatively low pollution. The area of Xiamen was largely bypassed by the Qin and Han conquests and colonization of Guangdong , which passed west of Fujian down the Lingqu Canal between the Xiang and Li rivers . It was first organized as Tong'an County in AD   282 under the Jin , but it lost this status soon afterwards. Tong'an County was again established in 933 under

896-532: Is the state-owned commercial bank, Sino-foreign joint venture Xiamen International Bank , solely foreign-funded Xiamen Bank , and Xiamen Rural Commercial Bank . Various foreign banks that have established representative offices in Xiamen. Zhangzhou Zhangzhou is the atonal pinyin romanization of the city's Chinese name 漳州 , using its pronunciation in Standard Mandarin . The name derives from

952-464: Is warm and dry. The annual rainfall is 1,301 millimeters (51 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 29% in March to 58% in July, the city receives 1,893 hours of bright sunshine annually. Frost occurs very rarely, and the last snowfall in the city took place in January 1893, when snow also fell at Guangzhou , Macau, in the inland parts of Hong Kong and in the hills of Taipei . The area

1008-669: The 2020 Chinese census , the entire area of Zhangzhou was home to 5,054,328 inhabitants. Along with the 2,120,178 people of central Xiamen, its urban districts of Xiangcheng , Longwen , Longhai and Changtai , form a single metropolitan area of about 7,284,148 people. The main language of the Zhangzhou Hokkiens is the local dialect of Min Nan , part of the Southern Min branch of Min Chinese . Government, education, and official business, however, are carried out in Mandarin . Hakka

1064-588: The Kinmen Islands, Republic of China (Taiwan), lies only 6 kilometers (4 mi) off Xiamen Island. Xiamen Island is the fourth largest island in Fujian province. It became a peninsula after the completion of the seawall in 1955. Xiamen waters include Xiamen Port, Outer Harbor Area, Maluan Bay, Tongan Bay, Jiulong River's estuary area and the waterway on the east side. Outside the Xiamen Port, Big Kinmen, Little Kinmen, Dadan, Erdan and other island are arranged in

1120-628: The Later Tang . The settlement on the southeastern shore of Xiamen Island (now part of Siming District ) developed as a seaport under the Song , although legal foreign trade was restricted to nearby Quanzhou , which administered the area. In 1387, attacks by the "Japanese" or "dwarf" pirates —many of them actually disaffected Chinese—prompted the Ming to protect the harbor with the fortress that gave Xiamen its name. The Portuguese first reached Xiamen in 1541. After

1176-557: The Ming ". When its port prospered under the Qing , especially during the reign of Emperor Kangxi , the island's name was changed to Chinese : 廈門 ; pinyin : Xiàmén ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Ē-mn̂g / Ē͘-mûi again. The island's name of 思明 was in return restored after the Xinhai Revolution that inaugurated the republic in 1912. The island's name of 廈門 was restored in 1933, along with Xiamen being administratively planned as

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1232-599: The Qing and the early 20th century, many southern Fujianese emigrated to Taiwan and Southeast Asia , such as in the Philippines , Indonesia , Brunei , Malaysia , Singapore , Thailand , Myanmar , etc., spreading Hokkien language and culture overseas . Some 350,000 overseas Chinese currently trace their ancestry to Xiamen. Some of this diaspora later returned: an estimated 220,000 Xiamen residents are returning overseas Chinese and their kin. Others continue to help fund universities and cultural institutions in Xiamen. At

1288-540: The Quanzhou dialect pronunciation of Hokkien Chinese : 漳州 ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Cheng-chiu , which was anglicized as Chinchew. By the 19th century, however, Chinchew as a name had migrated and was used to refer to Quanzhou , a separate port about 65 miles (105 km) east-northeast of central Zhangzhou. Zhangzhou proper lies on the banks of the Jiulong River in southern Fujian about 35 miles (56 km) from central Xiamen, whose urban core has grown to form

1344-457: The Spanish were still allowed to trade in Xiamen. However, the Spanish rarely used this privilege as Chinese traders would ship their goods from Xiamen to Manila and vice versa, which was more profitable for both sides. By the 19th century, the city walls had a circumference of around 9 miles (14 km), with an inner and outer city divided by an inner wall and a ridge of hills surmounted by

1400-510: The fall of the Ming to the Qing in 1644, Southern Ming loyalists including Koxinga used Xiamen as a base from which to launch attacks against the invading Qing-aligned Han Bannermen from 1650 to 1660. In 1661, Koxinga drove the Dutch from Taiwan and moved his operations there . His base on Xiamen fell to a combined Qing and Dutch invasion in 1663. The East India Company traded extensively with

1456-470: The " Three Mini-Links " and restored ferry, commercial, and mail links between the mainland and offshore islands. Trade and travel between Xiamen and Kinmen was restored and later expanded to include direct air travel to Taiwan Island . In 2010, travelers between Xiamen and Kinmen made 1.31 million trips. In 2006, Xiamen was ranked as China's 2nd-"most suitable city for living", as well as China's "most romantic leisure city" in 2011. A large number of

1512-565: The 12th century, Xiamen was also an important origin for many migrants to Singapore , Malaysia , Indonesia and the Philippines . The overseas Chinese used to support Xiamen's educational and cultural institutions. Xiamen is classified as a Large-Port Metropolis. Xiamen is one of the top 40 cities in the world by scientific research as tracked by the Nature Index . The city is home to several major universities , including Xiamen University , one of China's most prestigious universities as

1568-428: The Ming dynasty, Zheng Chenggong , or Koxinga, a Ming loyalist and general, occupied Xiamen island as an anti- Qing base. In 1650, the seventh year of Emperor Shunzhi of the Qing dynasty, Zheng set a military base in Xiamen island and changed its name into Chinese : 思明州 ; pinyin : Sīmíng zhōu ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Su-bêng chiu ; lit. 'Think Ming (dynasty) Prefecture', meaning "Remembering

1624-497: The National Development and Reform Commission. Its measures in areas such as dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, and trading across borders take the lead in the country. Its social credit system has been improved. In 2018, its overall credit index ranked 2nd among 36 provincial capitals and sub-provincial cities and above. The Siming and Huli districts form its Special Economic Zone . Xiamen focuses on

1680-519: The Song dynasty (960–1279). It received its present name from the Xiamen Defense Castle erected on the island by Zhou Dexing in 1387 during the Ming dynasty to meet the needs of coastal defense. The name was formerly written using, Chinese : 下門 ; lit. 'Lower Gate', and then changed into Chinese : 廈門 ; lit. 'Mansion Gate' or "Gate of China". After the fall of

1736-473: The annual mean is 21.3 °C (70.3 °F). The frost-free period lasts 330 days. According to Odoric of Pordenone , Zhangzhou was a prosperous city twice the size of Bologna . During the early Qing , Zhangzhou was the primary Fujianese port trading with Portuguese Macao and Spanish Manila . For a time, the Portuguese maintained a factory in the city. During the late Qing , Zhangzhou remained

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1792-580: The area was dated to Sui dynasty when Buddhism was first spread to Tong'an region and spread to Xiamen Island during Tang dynasty. In the 19th century, Xiamen proper had two Dutch Reformed and two LMS churches. Xiamen Island was home to three Dutch Reformed missions at "Kang-thau", "Kio-than", and "Chhan-chhu-oa". Xiamen is a sub-provincial city of Fujian with direct jurisdiction over 6 districts . In May 2003, Gulangyu and Kaiyuan districts were merged into Siming District; Xinglin District ( 杏林区 )

1848-695: The city's former status as the seat of the imperial Chinese Zhang Prefecture . The same name was romanized as Changchow on the Chinese Postal Map and Chang-chou in Wade-Giles . Other romanizations include Chang-chow. It also appears as Chang-chu, Changchew, Chiang-chew, Chiang-Chew, Chiang Chew, Chiochiu, Chanchiu, Changchiu from the city's local Zhangzhou dialect pronunciation of Hokkien Chinese : 漳州 ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Chiang-chiu / Chioⁿ-chiu . This name appeared in Spanish and Portuguese Jesuit sources as Chincheo as well from

1904-687: The colonial squabbling over China. Japan occupied Xiamen Island from May 1938 to September 1945 during World War II . During the Japanese occupation, the city provided some shipments of rice to the Portuguese Colony of Macau . In the late phases of the Chinese Civil War that followed, the Communists captured Xiamen and Gulangyu in October 1949 but failed to capture Kinmen . The same year, Xiamen became

1960-489: The coolest month is January, averaging 13.1 °C (55.6 °F); the annual mean is 21.1 °C (70.0 °F). Extremes since 1951 have ranged from 0.1 °C (32 °F) on 24 January 2016 to 39.6 °C (103 °F) on 9 August 2019. Spring, both by humidity and percentage of sunshine, is the dampest season but typhoons in late summer and early autumn can make the latter period wetter overall. Summer and autumn are marked by comparatively sunny conditions, while autumn

2016-476: The development of five major industries – electronic information, equipment manufacturing, tourism and culture, modern logistics, and financial services. Xiamen's GDP has grown at an average annual rate of 15.4 percent since China's reform and opening-up four decades ago. In 2018, per capita GDP: 118,015 yuan ($ 17,105); per capita disposable income: 50,948 yuan; public financial budget revenue: 128.3 billion yuan; 1,626 hi-tech enterprises, accounting for 44 percent of

2072-463: The majority being Han people. There are also some ethnic minorities such as She and Hui. As with all of China, the official language is Mandarin. Migrants of non-Hokkien ancestry usually speak Mandarin and/or their inherent tongues. The indigenous language is Hokkien , a subgroup of Southern Min , with the Tong'an dialect being the most populous and prevalent. The Xiamen dialect is mostly defined to

2128-499: The mouth of the Jiulong principally functioned as a trading center for the produce and wares of Zhangzhou and its hinterland; both suffered economically when Indian tea plantations cratered demand for Fujianese tea in the late 19th century. From 1918 to 1920, Chen Jiongming established the anarchist Constitution Protection Region of Southern Fujian with Zhangzhou as its capital. The old city of Zhangzhou (now Xiangcheng District )

2184-536: The north, making up a metropolis of nearly ten million people. The Kinmen Islands (Quemoy) administered by the Republic of China (Taiwan) lie less than 6 kilometers (4 mi) away separated by Xiamen Bay . As part of the Opening Up Policy under Deng Xiaoping , Xiamen became one of China's original four special economic zones opened to foreign investment and trade in the early 1980s. Xiamen Island possessed

2240-520: The populace are migrants. According to the 2020 Census , Xiamen has a population of 5,163,970 inhabitants. According to the 2010 Census , Xiamen has a population of 3,531,347 inhabitants, almost 1.8 times the population counted for the last census in 2000 (which was of 2,053,070 inhabitants). The annual average population growth was of 5.57% for the period 2000–2010. This masks the population explosion in Jimei District , however, which quadrupled since

2296-513: The port of Xiamen on southern Xiamen Island , now located within Siming District . It now also includes Gulangyu Island and the rugged coast of the mainland from the northeast bank of the Jiulong River in the west to the islands of Xiang'an in the east. Xiamen Island lies about one degree north of the Tropic of Cancer . It is divided between Huli District in the north and Siming District in

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2352-550: The port to other international powers. As the primary international port for Fujian, particularly Zhangzhou and its hinterland, Xiamen became a center of China's tea trade , with hundreds of thousands of tons shipped yearly to Europe and the Americas. Its local dialect influenced a variety of translations of Chinese terms . Its principal exports during the period were tea, porcelain, and paper; it imported sugar, rice, cotton, and opium, as well as some manufactured goods. Xiamen

2408-516: The port, constructing a factory there in 1678. It was raised to the status of a subprefecture in 1680, but the taxes and other restrictions placed on traders compelled the British to relocate to Canton and Fuzhou the next year. Trade resumed in 1685 and continued until the imposition of the Canton System . However, despite the Canton system which restricted Western trade to the port of Guangzhou,

2464-462: The prior census; Huli District 's population more than doubled. The resident population was 1,967,800 in 2013 yearend, and with a population of 3.73 million (those residing at least half a year). The total resident population is said to be 4,255,000 in December 2014, without specifying what counts as a resident. By the end of 2022, the resident population of Xiamen has reached 5.308 million,

2520-418: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Xiamen Open . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xiamen_Open&oldid=872255332 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

2576-479: The south. Siming also includes Gulangyu. Its mainland territory is divided among Haicang , Jimei , Tong'an , and Xiang'an districts. In the 19th century, Xiamen's harbor on Yundang Bay was considered one of the world's great natural harbors. Land reclamation has since been used to fill in the mouth of this inlet, turning it into Siming District's Yundang Lake. The municipal government is located on other reclaimed land beside it. The nearest point of Liehyu in

2632-429: The southwest quarter of Xiamen Island, while the Zhangzhou dialect is spoken in a section of Haicang District. The English words "Amoy", "tea" ( Chinese : 茶 ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : tê ), " cumshaw " ( 感謝 ; kám-siā ), " pekoe " ( 白毫 ; pe̍h-hô ), kowtow ( 磕頭 ; khàu-thâu ), and " ketchup " ( 鮭汁 ; koê-chiap ) are derived from the local Hokkien. The first evidence of organised religion existed in

2688-524: The time of the Xinhai Revolution , the native population of the city was estimated at 300,000 and the foreign settlement at 280. After the establishment of the Republic of China , the area around Xiamen was renamed Siming County . Xiamen's trade during the period was largely conducted through Taiwan , which had been seized by Japan during the First Sino-Japanese War . The Japanese subsequently claimed Fujian as their sphere of influence during

2744-403: The total number of Fujian province; 600.5 billion yuan of total foreign trade value; degree of dependence on foreign trade has reached 125 percent. By the end of 2018, Xiamen brought in a total of 14,818 foreign-invested projects; contractual foreign investments: $ 66 billion, actual foreign investments: $ 37.9 billion; 62 overseas Fortune 500 companies invested in 112 projects in Xiamen. Xiamen

2800-507: The zone. After this expansion, the area of Xiamen Special Economic Zone reached 1,573 square kilometers, 11 times larger than before. Answering the call of the Belt and Road Initiative, Xiamen has focused on dealing with international competition with a more confident attitude and to facilitate the construction of the important hub city of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. In 2001, the governments of mainland China and Taiwan agreed to initiate

2856-480: Was also a center of Protestant missionaries in China ; the missions operated the city's two hospitals. The merchants of Xiamen were thought among the richest and most entrepreneurial and industrious in China, but the city was widely accounted the dirtiest city in China. Owing to local belief in feng shui , the streets were "as crooked as ram's horns" and averaged about 4 feet (1 m) in width to keep out sunlight and control public disturbances. Its population

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2912-471: Was estimated at 250,000 in the 1870s; by that point the island was largely barren and full of roughly 140 villages, with a total population around 400,000. European settlement in the port was concentrated on Gulangyu Island off Xiamen proper; it remains known for its colonial architecture. By the 20th century, the local export economy had collapsed due to the success of British tea plantations in India. During

2968-456: Was merged into Jimei District; and Xiang'an District was created out of a section of Tong'an District. Xiamen has a diverse and well-developed economy. It is the first to refer to the business environment indexes of the World Bank with the aim of creating world's first-rated business environment. In 2018, its business environment ranked 2nd among 22 cities across the country that was evaluated by

3024-690: Was occupied in April and May 1932 by a column of Communist guerrillas under Mao Zedong . Due to the presence of Western gunboats in Xiamen Bay , arms shipments from the Soviet Union were unable to get up the Jiulong River to Mao's forces and the main Communist bases. Discovering this, Mao retreated from the city, according to some accounts with a substantial amount of loot taken from its residents. Zhangzhou comprises 4 urban districts , and 7 counties . During

3080-410: Was officially started on 15 October 1981. In 1984, Xiamen Special Economic Zone was expanded from an area of 2.5 square kilometers of Huli to 131 square kilometers of the whole island. The city grew and prospered. In June 2010, Xiamen Special Economic Zone was expanded to the whole Xiamen city, and four districts outside Xiamen Island – including Jimei, Haicang, Tongan and Xiang'an – were included into

3136-820: Was termed in the heady propaganda of the time. Due to political tensions, the eastern half of Xiamen Island and much of the Fujian Coast facing the offshore islands remained undeveloped in the 1960s and 1970s. The Water Police and Post-Office were situated directly across the water from the American embassy. When Deng Xiaoping initiated his Opening Up Policy , Xiamen was made one of the first four special economic zones in 1980, with special investment and trade regulations attracting foreign investment , particularly from overseas Chinese. The construction of Huli Export Processing Zone in Xiamen Special Economic Zone

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