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75-554: The concept behind XMLHttpRequest was conceived in 2000 by the developers of Microsoft Outlook . The concept was then implemented within the Internet Explorer 5 browser (2001). However, the original syntax did not use the XMLHttpRequest identifier . Instead, the developers used the identifiers ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP") and ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") . As of Internet Explorer 7 (2006), all browsers support

150-773: A stand-alone application ; organizations can deploy it as multi-user software (through Microsoft Exchange Server or SharePoint ) for shared functions such as mailboxes , calendars , folders , data aggregation (i.e., SharePoint lists), and as appointment scheduling apps . Other than the paid software on Windows and Mac desktops that this article talks about, the Outlook name also covers several other current software: Outlook has replaced Microsoft's previous scheduling and email clients , Schedule+ and Exchange Client . Outlook 98 and Outlook 2000 offer two configurations: Perpetual versions of Microsoft Outlook include: Includes iOS and Android support Microsoft Outlook

225-517: A "secure" form on Microsoft Azure servers located in the United States. On Exchange accounts, these servers identify as a single Exchange ActiveSync user in order to fetch e-mail. Additionally, the app does not support mobile device management , nor allows administrators to control how third-party cloud storage services are used with the app to interact with their users. Concerns surrounding these security issues have prompted some firms, including

300-1342: A built-in Junk Mail filter. Service Pack 2 has augmented these features and adds an anti- phishing filter. Outlook add-ins are small additional programs for the Microsoft Outlook application, mainly purposed to add new functional capabilities into Outlook and automate various routine operations. The term also refers to programs where the main function is to work on Outlook files, such as synchronization or backup utilities . Outlook add-ins may be developed in Microsoft Visual Studio or third-party tools such as Add-in Express. Outlook add-ins are not supported in Outlook Web App . From Outlook 97 on, Exchange Client Extensions are supported in Outlook. Outlook 2000 and later support specific COM components called Outlook Add-Ins. The exact supported features (such as .NET components) for later generations were extended with each release. In March 2016, Salesforce announced that its relationship intelligence platform, SalesforceIQ , would be able to seamlessly integrate with Outlook. SalesforceIQ works from inside

375-442: A future and a promise are created together and associated with each other: the future is the value, the promise is the function that sets the value – essentially the return value (future) of an asynchronous function (promise). Setting the value of a future is also called resolving , fulfilling , or binding it. Futures and promises originated in functional programming and related paradigms (such as logic programming ) to decouple

450-434: A future can block until it is available by calling the wait() or get() member functions. A timeout can also be specified on the wait using the wait_for() or wait_until() member functions to avoid indefinite blocking. If the future arose from a call to std::async then a blocking wait (without a timeout) may cause synchronous invocation of the function to compute the result on the waiting thread. Futures are

525-452: A group-style conversation. The app lets users create groups, mention their contacts, share Office documents via OneDrive and work on them together, and participate in an email conversation. The app also allows the finding and joining of other Outlook Groups. It was tested internally at Microsoft and launched September 18, 2015, for Windows Phone 8.1 and Windows 10 Mobile users. After its initial launch on Microsoft's own platforms they launched

600-556: A large number of different e-mail services and platforms, including Exchange , iCloud , Gmail , Google Workspace (formerly G Suite), Outlook.com , and Yahoo! Mail . The app supports multiple email accounts at once. Emails are divided into two inboxes: the "Focused" inbox displays messages of high importance, and those from frequent contacts. All other messages are displayed within an "Other" section. Files, locations, and calendar events can be embedded into email messages. Swiping gestures can be used for deleting messages. Like

675-560: A more standards-compliant email client since the release of Outlook 2007. Outlook and Exchange Server internally handle messages, appointments, and items as objects in a data model which is derived from the old proprietary Microsoft Mail system, the Rich Text Format from Microsoft Word and the complex OLE general data model. When these programs interface with other protocols such as the various Internet and X.400 protocols, they try to map this internal model onto those protocols in

750-441: A particular case of the synchronization primitive " events ," which can be completed only once. In general, events can be reset to initial empty state and, thus, completed as many times as desired. An I-var (as in the language Id ) is a future with blocking semantics as defined above. An I-structure is a data structure containing I-vars. A related synchronization construct that can be set multiple times with different values

825-409: A promise is not a read-only view, and promise pipelining is unsupported. Instead, pipelining naturally happens for futures, including ones associated with promises. If the value of a future is accessed asynchronously, for example by sending a message to it, or by explicitly waiting for it using a construct such as when in E, then there is no difficulty in delaying until the future is resolved before

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900-426: A proprietary Microsoft communications protocol that was formerly used by Hotmail. Promise (computing) In computer science , future , promise , delay , and deferred refer to constructs used for synchronizing program execution in some concurrent programming languages . They describe an object that acts as a proxy for a result that is initially unknown, usually because the computation of its value

975-540: A service licensing program that makes Office programs available as soon as they are developed). Outlook for Mac 15.3 improves upon its predecessors with: The "New Outlook for Mac" client , included with version 16.42 and above, became available for "Early Insider" testers in the fall of 2019, with a public "Insider" debut in October 2020. It requires macOS 10.14 or greater and introduces a redesigned interface with significantly changed internals, including native search within

1050-429: A specific thread that computes the future's value. This computation can start either eagerly when the future is created, or lazily when its value is first needed. A lazy future is similar to a thunk , in the sense of a delayed computation. Alice ML also supports futures that can be resolved by any thread, and calls these promises . This use of promise is different from its use in E as described above . In Alice,

1125-562: A specified amount of time. In the early development of the World Wide Web , it was found possible to breach users' security by the use of JavaScript to exchange information from one web site with that from another less reputable one. All modern browsers therefore implement a same origin policy that prevents many such attacks, such as cross-site scripting . XMLHttpRequest data is subject to this security policy, but sometimes web developers want to intentionally circumvent its restrictions. This

1200-401: A thread to calculate the value at the same time as creating the future. In this case it is desirable to return a read-only view to the client, so that only the newly created thread is able to resolve this future. To implement implicit lazy thread-specific futures (as provided by Alice ML, for example) in terms in non-thread-specific futures, needs a mechanism to determine when the future's value

1275-425: A value (a future) from how it was computed (a promise), allowing the computation to be done more flexibly, notably by parallelizing it. Later, it found use in distributed computing , in reducing the latency from communication round trips. Later still, it gained more use by allowing writing asynchronous programs in direct style , rather than in continuation-passing style . Use of futures may be implicit (any use of

1350-557: A way that can be reversed if the ultimate recipient is also running Outlook or Exchange. This focus on the possibility that emails and other items will ultimately be converted back to Microsoft Mail format is so extreme that if Outlook/Exchange cannot figure out a way to encode the complete data in the standard format, it simply encodes the entire message/item in a proprietary binary format called Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format (TNEF) and sends this as an attached file (usually named "winmail.dat") to an otherwise incomplete rendering of

1425-455: Is a generalization of concurrent logic variables to support constraint logic programming : the constraint may be narrowed multiple times, indicating smaller sets of possible values. Typically there is a way to specify a thunk that should run whenever the constraint is narrowed further; this is needed to support constraint propagation . Eager thread-specific futures can be straightforwardly implemented in non-thread-specific futures, by creating

1500-548: Is an email and personal information manager software primarily used in professional settings. As part of the Microsoft Office suite , it offers email management, contact storage, calendar scheduling, and task tracking. Outlook can function independently or as part of a larger Microsoft ecosystem, including integration with SharePoint for file sharing. While it stores email data locally for offline access, newer versions restrict link opening to Microsoft's own browsers. Privacy

1575-637: Is called an M-var . M-vars support atomic operations to take or put the current value, where taking the value also sets the M-var back to its initial empty state. A concurrent logic variable is similar to a future, but is updated by unification , in the same way as logic variables in logic programming . Thus it can be bound more than once to unifiable values, but cannot be set back to an empty or unresolved state. The dataflow variables of Oz act as concurrent logic variables, and also have blocking semantics as mentioned above. A concurrent constraint variable

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1650-721: Is designed to consolidate functionality that would normally be found in separate apps on mobile devices, similar to personal information managers on personal computers . It is designed around four "hubs" for different tasks, including "Mail", "Calendar," "Files" and "People". The "People" hub lists frequently and recently used contacts and aggregates recent communications with them, and the "Files" hub aggregates recent attachments from messages, and can also integrate with other online storage services such as Dropbox , Google Drive , and OneDrive . To facilitate indexing of content for search and other features, emails and other information are stored on external servers. Outlook mobile supports

1725-405: Is distinguished, a future is a read-only placeholder view of a variable, while a promise is a writable, single assignment container which sets the value of the future. Notably, a future may be defined without specifying which specific promise will set its value, and different possible promises may set the value of a given future, though this can be done only once for a given future. In other cases

1800-494: Is first needed (for example, the WaitNeeded construct in Oz ). If all values are objects, then the ability to implement transparent forwarding objects is sufficient, since the first message sent to the forwarder indicates that the future's value is needed. Non-thread-specific futures can be implemented in thread-specific futures, assuming that the system supports message passing, by having

1875-404: Is much like the concurrent logic variable. The promise pipelining technique (using futures to overcome latency) was invented by Barbara Liskov and Liuba Shrira in 1988, and independently by Mark S. Miller , Dean Tribble and Rob Jellinghaus in the context of Project Xanadu circa 1989. The term promise was coined by Liskov and Shrira, although they referred to the pipelining mechanism by

1950-510: Is no evidence that the Act languages did so.) After 2000, a major revival of interest in futures and promises occurred, due to their use in responsiveness of user interfaces, and in web development , due to the request–response model of message-passing. Several mainstream languages now have language support for futures and promises, most notably popularized by FutureTask in Java 5 (announced 2004) and

2025-432: Is non-deterministic: the value of a future will be evaluated at some time between when the future is created and when its value is used, but the precise time is not determined beforehand and can change from run to run. The computation can start as soon as the future is created ( eager evaluation ) or only when the value is actually needed ( lazy evaluation ), and may be suspended part-way through, or executed in one run. Once

2100-412: Is not documented nor guaranteed; the format saw over 10 versions released since version 1 in 2008. The standard .eml format replicates the format of emails as used for transmission and is therefore compatible with any email client which uses the normal protocols. Standard-compliant email clients, like Mozilla Thunderbird , use additional headers to store software-specific information related e.g. to

2175-450: Is not yet complete. The term promise was proposed in 1976 by Daniel P. Friedman and David Wise, and Peter Hibbard called it eventual . A somewhat similar concept future was introduced in 1977 in a paper by Henry Baker and Carl Hewitt . The terms future , promise , delay , and deferred are often used interchangeably, although some differences in usage between future and promise are treated below. Specifically, when usage

2250-403: Is possible for an actor to specify and begin executing a behaviour for the next message before having completed processing of the current message. In some programming languages such as Oz , E , and AmbientTalk , it is possible to obtain a read-only view of a future, which allows reading its value when resolved, but does not permit resolving it: Support for read-only views is consistent with

2325-653: Is severely degraded in latest versions, as new Outlook sends passwords, mails and other data to Microsoft. Outlook 2002 introduced these new features: Outlook 2003 introduced these new features: Features that debuted in Outlook 2007 include: Features that debuted in Outlook 2010 include: Features that debuted in Outlook 2013, which was released on January 29, 2013, include: Features that debuted in Outlook 2016, include: Features that debuted in Outlook 2019, include: Microsoft made several versions of Outlook for older Mac computers, but only for email accounts on specific company servers ( Exchange ). It wasn't part of

XMLHttpRequest - Misplaced Pages Continue

2400-557: Is sometimes due to the legitimate use of subdomains as, for example, making an XMLHttpRequest from a page created by foo.example.com for information from bar.example.com will normally fail. Various alternatives exist to circumvent this security feature, including using JSONP , Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) or alternatives with plugins such as Flash or Silverlight (both now deprecated). Cross-origin XMLHttpRequest

2475-566: Is specified in W3C's XMLHttpRequest Level 2 specification. Internet Explorer did not implement CORS until version 10. The two previous versions (8 and 9) offered similar functionality through the XDomainRequest (XDR) API. CORS is now supported by all modern browsers (desktop and mobile). The CORS protocol has several restrictions, with two models of support. The simple model does not allow setting custom request headers and omits cookies . Further, only

2550-549: Is the first native version of Outlook for MacOS . Outlook 2011 initially supported Mac OS X's Sync Services only for contacts, not events, tasks or notes. It also does not have a Project Manager equivalent to that in Entourage. With Service Pack 1 (v 14.1.0), published on April 12, 2011, Outlook can now sync calendar, notes and tasks with Exchange 2007 and Exchange 2010. On October 31, 2014, Microsoft released Outlook for Mac (v15.3 build 141024) with Office 365 (a software as

2625-455: The XMLHttpRequest identifier. The XMLHttpRequest identifier is now the de facto standard in all the major browsers, including Mozilla's Gecko layout engine (2002), Safari 1.2 (2004) and Opera 8.0 (2005). The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) published a Working Draft specification for the XMLHttpRequest object on April 5, 2006. On February 25, 2008, the W3C published

2700-459: The std::launch::deferred launch policy to std::async , along with the function to compute the value. In the actor model, an expression of the form future <Expression> is defined by how it responds to an Eval message with environment E and customer C as follows: The future expression responds to the Eval message by sending the customer C a newly created actor F (the proxy for

2775-550: The European Parliament , to block the app on their Exchange servers. Microsoft maintains a separate, pre-existing Outlook Web Access app for Android and iOS. Outlook Groups was a mobile application for Windows Phone , Windows 10 Mobile , Android and iOS that could be used with an Office 365 domain Microsoft Account, e.g. a work or school account. It is designed to take existing email threads and turn them into

2850-663: The Working Draft Level 2 specification. Level 2 added methods to monitor event progress, allow cross-site requests, and handle byte streams. At the end of 2011, the Level 2 specification was absorbed into the original specification. At the end of 2012, the WHATWG took over development and maintains a living document using Web IDL . Generally, sending a request with XMLHttpRequest has several programming steps. Aside from these general steps, XMLHttpRequest has many options to control how

2925-488: The async/await constructions in .NET 4.5 (announced 2010, released 2012) largely inspired by the asynchronous workflows of F#, which dates to 2007. This has subsequently been adopted by other languages, notably Dart (2014), Python (2015), Hack (HHVM), and drafts of ECMAScript 7 (JavaScript), Scala, and C++ (2011). Some programming languages are supporting futures, promises, concurrent logic variables, dataflow variables, or I-vars, either by direct language support or in

3000-406: The principle of least privilege , since it enables the ability to set the value to be restricted to subjects that need to set it. In a system that also supports pipelining, the sender of an asynchronous message (with result) receives the read-only promise for the result, and the target of the message receives the resolver. Some languages, such as Alice ML , define futures that are associated with

3075-752: The promise construct to simplify asynchronous logic. Browsers have since implemented the alternative fetch() interface to achieve the same functionality as XHR using promises instead of callbacks. Fetch is also standardized by WHATWG. Microsoft Outlook Microsoft Outlook is a personal information manager software system from Microsoft , available as a part of the Microsoft 365 software suites. Though primarily being popular as an email client for businesses, Outlook also includes functions such as calendaring , task managing , contact managing , note-taking , journal logging , web browsing , and RSS news aggregation . Individuals can use Outlook as

XMLHttpRequest - Misplaced Pages Continue

3150-552: The HEAD, GET and POST request methods are supported, and POST only allows the following MIME types: "text/plain", "application/x-www-urlencoded" and " multipart/form-data ". Only "text/plain" was initially supported. The other model detects when one of the non-simple features are requested and sends a pre-flight request to the server to negotiate the feature. Program flow using asynchronous XHR callbacks can present difficulty with readability and maintenance. ECMAScript 2015 (ES6) added

3225-481: The Outlook inbox providing data from CRM , email, and customer social profiles. It also provides recommendations within the inbox on various aspects like appointment scheduling , contacts, responses, etc. Microsoft Outlook Hotmail Connector (formerly Microsoft Office Outlook Connector ), is a discontinued and defunct free add-in for Microsoft Outlook 2003, 2007 and 2010, intended to integrate Outlook.com (formerly Hotmail) into Microsoft Outlook. It uses DeltaSync ,

3300-400: The application for Android and iOS on September 23, 2015. Outlook Groups was updated on September 30, 2015, that introduced a deep linking feature as well as fixing a bug that blocked the "send" button from working. In March 2016 Microsoft added the ability to attach multiple images, and the most recently used document to group messages as well as the option to delete conversations within

3375-426: The application programme. Outlook Groups was retired by Microsoft on May 1, 2018. The functionality was replaced by adding the "Groups node" to the folder list within the Outlook mobile app. Outlook 2007 was the first Outlook to switch from Internet Explorer rendering engine to Microsoft Word 2007 's. This meant that HTML and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) items not handled by Word were no longer supported. On

3450-498: The call-stream design or in the Xanadu implementation). It seems that promises and call-streams were never implemented in any public release of Argus, the programming language used in the Liskov and Shrira paper. Argus development stopped around 1988. The Xanadu implementation of promise pipelining only became publicly available with the release of the source code for Udanax Gold in 1999, and

3525-658: The client that no longer depends on macOS Spotlight . Some Outlook features are still missing from the New Outlook client as it continues in development. To date, the Macintosh client has never had the capability of syncing Contact Groups/Personal Distribution Lists from Exchange, Microsoft 365 or Outlook.com accounts, something that the Windows and web clients have always supported. A UserVoice post created in December 2019 suggesting that

3600-481: The desired effect. Some HTML attributes help achieve proper rendering of e-mails in Outlook, but most of these attributes are already deprecated in the HTML 4.0 specifications (1997) . In order to achieve the best compatibility with Outlook, most HTML e-mails are created using multiple boxed tables, as the table element and its sub-elements support the width and height property in Outlook. No improvements have been made towards

3675-523: The desktop Outlook, Outlook mobile allows users to see appointment details, respond to Exchange meeting invites, and schedule meetings. It also incorporates the three-day view and "Interesting Calendars" features from Sunrise. Files in the Files tab are not stored offline; they require Internet access to view. Outlook mobile temporarily stores and indexes user data (including email, attachments, calendar information, and contacts), along with login credentials, in

3750-460: The future automatically obtains its value, as if it were an ordinary reference ) or explicit (the user must call a function to obtain the value, such as the get method of java.util.concurrent.Future in Java ). Obtaining the value of an explicit future can be called stinging or forcing . Explicit futures can be implemented as a library, whereas implicit futures are usually implemented as part of

3825-681: The language. The original Baker and Hewitt paper described implicit futures, which are naturally supported in the actor model of computation and pure object-oriented programming languages like Smalltalk . The Friedman and Wise paper described only explicit futures, probably reflecting the difficulty of efficiently implementing implicit futures on stock hardware. The difficulty is that stock hardware does not deal with futures for primitive data types like integers. For example, an add instruction does not know how to deal with 3 + future factorial(100000) . In pure actor or object languages this problem can be solved by sending future factorial(100000)

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3900-605: The local storage of the email, while keeping the file plain-text, so that it can be read in any text editor and searched or indexed like any document by any other software. As part of its Trustworthy Computing initiative, Microsoft took corrective steps to fix Outlook's reputation in Office Outlook 2003. Among the most publicized security features are that Office Outlook 2003 does not automatically load images in HTML emails or permit opening executable attachments by default, and includes

3975-873: The mail/item. If the recipient is Outlook/Exchange it can simply discard the incomplete outer message and use the encapsulated data directly, but if the recipient is any other program, the message received will be incomplete because the data in the TNEF attachment will be of little use without the Microsoft software for which it was created. As a workaround, numerous tools for partially decoding TNEF files exist. Outlook does not fully support data and syncing specifications for calendaring and contacts, such as iCalendar , CalDAV , SyncML , and vCard 3.0. Outlook 2007 claims to be fully iCalendar compliant; however, it does not support all core objects, such as VTODO or VJOURNAL. Also, Outlook supports vCard 2.1 and does not support multiple contacts in

4050-427: The message +[3] , which asks the future to add 3 to itself and return the result. Note that the message passing approach works regardless of when factorial(100000) finishes computation and that no stinging/forcing is needed. The use of futures can dramatically reduce latency in distributed systems . For instance, futures enable promise pipelining , as implemented in the languages E and Joule , which

4125-449: The message can be received or the wait completes. This is the only case to be considered in purely asynchronous systems such as pure actor languages. However, in some systems it may also be possible to attempt to immediately or synchronously access a future's value. Then there is a design choice to be made: As an example of the first possibility, in C++11 , a thread that needs the value of

4200-494: The missing functionality be added has shown a "Planned" tag since October 2020. In March 2023, Microsoft announced that Outlook for Mac will be available for free. This means that users no longer need a Microsoft 365 subscription or an Office licence to use the program. First released in April 2014 by the venture capital -backed startup Acompli , the company was acquired by Microsoft in December 2014. On January 29, 2015, Acompli

4275-481: The name call-stream , which is now rarely used. Both the design described in Liskov and Shrira's paper, and the implementation of promise pipelining in Xanadu, had the limit that promise values were not first-class : an argument to, or the value returned by a call or send could not directly be a promise (so the example of promise pipelining given earlier, which uses a promise for the result of one send as an argument to another, would not have been directly expressible in

4350-449: The number 1+factorial(n) . This trick does not always work. For example, the following conditional expression: suspends until the future for factorial(n) has responded to the request asking if m is greater than itself. The future and/or promise constructs were first implemented in programming languages such as MultiLisp and Act 1 . The use of logic variables for communication in concurrent logic programming languages

4425-564: The other hand, HTML messages composed in Word look as they appeared to the author. This affects publishing newsletters and reports, because they frequently use intricate HTML and CSS to form their layout. For example, forms can no longer be embedded in an Outlook email. Outlook for Windows has very limited CSS support compared to various other e-mail clients. Neither CSS1 (1996) nor CSS2 (1998) specifications are fully implemented and many CSS properties can only to be used with certain HTML elements for

4500-430: The regular Microsoft Office package for Mac. Microsoft Entourage was Microsoft's email app for Mac. It was similar to Outlook but didn't work well with Exchange email at first. Over time, it got better at handling Exchange, but it was always a different program than Outlook. Entourage was replaced by Outlook for Mac 2011, which features greater compatibility and parity with Outlook for Windows than Entourage offered. It

4575-515: The request is sent and how the response is processed. Custom header fields can be added to the request to indicate how the server should fulfill it, and data can be uploaded to the server by providing it in the "send" call. The response can be parsed from the JSON format into a readily usable JavaScript object, or processed gradually as it arrives rather than waiting for the entire text. The request can be aborted prematurely or set to fail if not completed in

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4650-421: The resolving thread send a message to the future's own thread. However, this can be viewed as unneeded complexity. In programming languages based on threads, the most expressive approach seems to be to provide a mix of non-thread-specific futures, read-only views, and either a WaitNeeded construct, or support for transparent forwarding. The evaluation strategy of futures, which may be termed call by future ,

4725-420: The response of evaluating <Expression> ) as a return value concurrently with sending <Expression> an Eval message with environment E and customer C . The default behavior of F is as follows: However, some futures can deal with requests in special ways to provide greater parallelism. For example, the expression 1 + future factorial(n) can create a new future that will behave like

4800-408: The result. The send t1 <- c(t2) would not block even if t1 and t2 were on different machines to each other, or to x or y . Promise pipelining should be distinguished from parallel asynchronous message passing. In a system supporting parallel message passing but not pipelining, the message sends x <- a() and y <- b() in the above example could proceed in parallel, but

4875-406: The send of t1 <- c(t2) would have to wait until both t1 and t2 had been received, even when x , y , t1 , and t2 are on the same remote machine. The relative latency advantage of pipelining becomes even greater in more complicated situations involving many messages. Promise pipelining also should not be confused with pipelined message processing in actor systems, where it

4950-601: The standard library. Languages also supporting promise pipelining include: Futures can be implemented in coroutines or generators , resulting in the same evaluation strategy (e.g., cooperative multitasking or lazy evaluation). Futures can easily be implemented in channels : a future is a one-element channel, and a promise is a process that sends to the channel, fulfilling the future. This allows futures to be implemented in concurrent programming languages with support for channels, such as CSP and Go . The resulting futures are explicit, as they must be accessed by reading from

5025-490: The third statement can begin to execute. The third statement will then cause yet another round-trip to the same remote machine. Using futures, the above expression could be written which could be expanded to The syntax used here is that of the language E, where x <- a() means to send the message a() asynchronously to x . All three variables are immediately assigned futures for their results, and execution proceeds to subsequent statements. Later attempts to resolve

5100-451: The vCard format as a single file. Outlook has also been criticized for having proprietary "Outlook extensions" to these Internet standards. Outlook (both the web version and recent non-web versions) promotes the usage of a proprietary .msg format to save individual emails, instead of the standard .eml format. Messages use .msg by default when saved to disk or forwarded as attachments. Compatibility with past or future Outlook versions

5175-463: The value of t3 may cause a delay; however, pipelining can reduce the number of round-trips needed. If, as in the prior example, x , y , t1 , and t2 are all located on the same remote machine, a pipelined implementation can compute t3 with one round-trip instead of three. Because all three messages are destined for objects which are on the same remote machine, only one request need be sent and only one response need be received containing

5250-470: The value of a future is assigned, it is not recomputed on future accesses; this is like the memoization used in call by need . A lazy future is a future that deterministically has lazy evaluation semantics: the computation of the future's value starts when the value is first needed, as in call by need. Lazy futures are of use in languages which evaluation strategy is by default not lazy. For example, in C++11 such lazy futures can be created by passing

5325-462: Was also called call-stream in the language Argus . Consider an expression involving conventional remote procedure calls , such as: which could be expanded to Each statement needs a message to be sent and a reply received before the next statement can proceed. Suppose, for example, that x , y , t1 , and t2 are all located on the same remote machine. In this case, two complete network round-trips to that machine must take place before

5400-450: Was never explained in any published document. The later implementations in Joule and E support fully first-class promises and resolvers. Several early actor languages, including the Act series, supported both parallel message passing and pipelined message processing, but not promise pipelining. (Although it is technically possible to implement the last of these features in the first two, there

5475-552: Was quite similar to futures. These began in Prolog with Freeze and IC Prolog , and became a true concurrency primitive with Relational Language, Concurrent Prolog , guarded Horn clauses (GHC), Parlog , Strand , Vulcan , Janus , Oz-Mozart , Flow Java , and Alice ML . The single-assignment I-var from dataflow programming languages, originating in Id and included in Reppy's Concurrent ML ,

5550-465: Was re-branded as Outlook Mobile—sharing its name with the Microsoft Outlook desktop personal information manager and Outlook.com email service. In January 2015, Microsoft released Outlook for phones and for tablets (v1.3 build) with Office 365 . This was the first Outlook for these platforms with email, calendar, and contacts. On February 4, 2015, Microsoft acquired Sunrise Calendar ; on September 13, 2016, Sunrise ceased to operate, and an update

5625-558: Was released to Outlook Mobile that contained enhancements to its calendar functions. Similar to its desktop counterpart, Outlook mobile offers an aggregation of attachments and files stored on cloud storage platforms; a "focused inbox" highlights messages from frequent contacts, and calendar events, files, and locations can be embedded in messages without switching apps. The app supports a number of email platforms and services, including Outlook.com , Microsoft Exchange and Google Workspace (formerly G Suite) among others. Outlook mobile

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