World Weather Attribution is an academic collaboration studying extreme event attribution , calculations of the impact of climate change on extreme meteorological events such as heat waves, droughts, and storms. When an extreme event occurs, the project computes the likelihood that the occurrence, intensity, and duration of the event was due to climate change. The project specializes in producing reports rapidly, while news of the event is still fresh.
44-529: World Weather Attribution was founded in 2014 by climatologists Friederike Otto , who continues as leader, and Geert Jan van Oldenborgh . Participating institutions are Imperial College London , the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute , Laboratoire des sciences du climat et de l'environnement , Princeton University , the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research , ETH Zurich , IIT Delhi , and climate impact specialists at
88-533: A best-selling author whose controversial commentary strongly affected political debates in the United States. Coulter did not, however, make additional appearances on the list. In February 2016, Time included the male British author Evelyn Waugh on its "100 Most Read Female Writers in College Classes" list, generating media attention and concerns regarding fact-checking at the magazine. Time later issued
132-457: A certain point, he sort of reached a lame-duck status". The list has also generated controversy over inclusions. In 2005, conservative commentator Ann Coulter was listed, which led Salon to observe: When Time magazine named Ann Coulter among its 100 "most influential people" last week, alongside such heavyweights as Ariel Sharon , Bill Clinton , Nelson Mandela , and the Dalai Lama ,
176-461: A finalist four more times during the decade and returned to the list in 2018. The 2010 list included many expected names and some surprises such as Scott Brown , who HuffPost described as a premature selection at that point in his career. The 2010 list included 10 Indians, but according to a local news station in India, Time faced criticism when they excluded Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan from
220-434: A readers poll prior to the reveal of the editors list, asking whether certain personalities should be included in that year's annual list. Nearly 1.8 million votes were cast, with Britney Spears claiming the top spot while also being featured as an Icon . Editor-in-chief Edward Felsenthal commented on the current working circumstances at Time and the effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on their annual gala: For
264-526: A real influence on the great events of our time. Think of Ali Husaini Sistani , the Grand Ayatullah of Iraq's Shi'ites , who in effect has a veto on plans to transfer power from those who occupy his country to its people. Still others affect our lives through their moral example. Consider Nelson Mandela 's forgiveness of his captors and his willingness to walk away from the South African presidency after
308-505: A retraction. In a BBC interview with Justin Webb , Oxford professor Valentine Cunningham said the mistake was "a piece of profound ignorance on the part of Time magazine". Since 2014, in partnership with Rolex , Time has published a class of young pioneers "in politics, business, culture, science and sports" who are reshaping the world around them. It is, per the magazine's editor-in-chief Edward Felsenthal , "an opportunity to elevate"
352-465: A single term. For the 2007 list, managing editor Richard Stengel clarified that the Time 100 focused on the most influential people rather than the hottest, most popular, or most powerful people. He said: Influence is hard to measure, and what we look for is people whose ideas, whose example, whose talent, whose discoveries transform the world we live in. Influence is less about the hard power of force than
396-703: Is a climatologist who as of December 2021 works as a Senior Lecturer at the Grantham Institute for Climate Change and the Environment at Imperial College London. She is an Honorary Research Associate of the Environmental Change Institute (ECI) at the University of Oxford . Her research focuses on answering the question whether and to what extent extreme weather conditions change as a result of external climate drivers. A highly recognized expert in
440-471: Is a worldwide list. There are no Western European political leaders on it because they are not that powerful or influential at this time." The exclusion of then- President of the United States George W. Bush in 2007 generated similar controversy. Former Senator Rick Santorum (R–PA) said on Fox News : The fact of the matter is, the president of the United States, I don't care who's in that office,
484-547: Is exclusively chosen by Time editors, with nominations coming from the Time 100 alumni and the magazine's international writing staff. Only the winner of the Reader's Poll, conducted days before the official list is revealed, is chosen by the general public. The corresponding commemorative gala is held annually in Manhattan . In 2019, Time began publishing the Time 100 Next list, which "spotlights 100 rising stars who are shaping
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#1733084872808528-442: Is more focused on up-and-coming figures and "rising stars". The Next list features profiles written by established Time 100 alumni. In 2019, Time created 89 new covers to celebrate women of the year starting from 1920. In 2021, Time solicited company nominations from industry and journalistic sources, which were then evaluated on relevance, impact, innovation, leadership, ambition and success. The top 100 were compiled into
572-606: Is the most powerful man on the face of the Earth and has more influence over various aspects of lives, not just in this country, but around the world. And for Time magazine to dismiss that just shows you how biased and, I would argue, hateful they are. Adi Ignatius , Time ' s deputy managing editor who oversaw the list at the time, explained that "any U.S. president has a certain built-in influence ... Bush had actually squandered some of that built-in influence. His position on Iraq has cost him support in his own party. ... To
616-448: The 2010 list as follows: "In our annual Time 100 issue, we name the people who most affect our world". The overall list was organized with four main sub-lists: Leaders, Heroes, Artists, and Thinkers. Oprah Winfrey continued a streak that began in 2004, having been included on every Time 100 list, and was one of 31 women on the list. While 2012 saw a break in Oprah's streak, she would be
660-481: The 2011 list as follows: "Meet the most influential people in the world. They are artists and activists, reformers and researchers, heads of state, and captains of industry. Their ideas spark dialogue and dissent and sometimes even revolution. Welcome to this year's Time 100." The announcement was celebrated with a black tie event in New York City on April 26, 2011. The honorees were joined by A-list celebrities at
704-454: The 2021 list , distributed into the categories Icons , Pioneers , Titans , Artists , Leaders and Innovators . Each category has a highlighted section of personalities being featured on the Time magazine cover, naming Prince Harry and Meghan Markle as Icons , Billie Eilish as Pioneer , Simone Biles as Titan , Kate Winslet as Artist , Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala as Leader and Jensen Huang as Innovator . Furthermore, Time held
748-632: The Jazz at Lincoln Center for the event. Time readers contributed to the selection through an online vote of over 200 finalists. The list included familiar leaders, particularly U.S. president Barack Obama and German chancellor Angela Merkel , as well as "newcomers" to the global press. The list included numerous figures representing the Arab Spring in the Middle East , including rebels, political leaders, and news correspondents. Media figures unrelated to
792-622: The Time 100 Most Influential Companies list, which included well-known companies such as GM, Tesla, Volkswagen Group, Facebook, Google, Moderna, UPS, Netflix, and Zoom. Along with the list, Time launched Time Business . In 2023, Time launched the Time Climate 100 list, which ranked the most influential climate action leaders based on recent and measurable achievements. Its first edition included public figures such as American singer Billie Eilish , British rock band Coldplay and Brazilian politician Marina Silva . In 2024, Time launched
836-457: The tragedy in Darfur . From 2005 to 2008 , Time magazine awarded one of Darko Mladenovic's Ray crystal sculptures to each Time 100 honoree. These sculptures were produced by Swarovski . In 2009 , the winner of the online poll was 4chan founder Christopher Poole , who received 16,794,368 votes. Time claimed that their technical team "did detect and extinguish several attempts to hack
880-554: The 100 most influential people in the world. She was also one of ten scientists who had had important roles in scientific developments in 2021 highlighted in the scientific journal Nature . Born in Kiel , Germany, in 1982, Friederike Elly Luise Otto graduated in physics from the University of Potsdam before earning a PhD in philosophy of science from the Free University of Berlin in 2012. At Oxford University she began to investigate
924-479: The American news magazine Time . First published in 1999 as the result of a debate among American academics, politicians, and journalists, the list is now a highly publicized annual event. It is generally considered an honor to be included on the list, but Time makes it clear that entrants are recognized for changing the world, regardless of the consequences of their actions. The final list of influential individuals
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#1733084872808968-557: The Arab Spring were also listed. Additionally, Prince William and Kate Middleton were part of the list during the week before their wedding . The list also included Katsunobu Sakurai, the mayor of Minamisōma , Fukushima , which was the city most affected by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami . Revealed on April 24, 2014, the 2014 list featured Beyoncé on the U.S. cover and Robert Redford , Jason Collins , and Mary Barra on international covers. The list included 41 women,
1012-505: The Internet as a platform for change. People who have been listed range from political figures, such as Donald Trump and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez , to teenage YouTubers , such as JoJo Siwa and Emma Chamberlain . Others who have been listed include Lil Nas X , whose debut hit broke the record for most weeks spent atop the Billboard Hot 100 after being created and distributed on
1056-433: The Internet, and actress and presenter Jameela Jamil , who is known widely beyond her profession for her online activism . In 2019, Time began publishing the Time 100 Next list, which "spotlights 100 rising stars who are shaping the future of business, entertainment, sports, politics, science, health and more". It is considered an expansion of the current Time 100 list. Although the list has no explicit age cap, it
1100-487: The Red Cross / Red Crescent Climate Centre. The WWA response to an extreme meteorological event has three parts: Results are synthesized into a report and published first rapidly, then eventually through the scientific review process. The following are examples of extreme cold, flood, heat, and drought events that have been studied by WWA. Friederike Otto Friederike (Fredi) Elly Luise Otto (born 29 August 1982)
1144-477: The choice produced guffaws online. Plugging the issue on Fox News last week, Time executive editor Priscilla Painton insisted it was Coulter's use of "humor" that made her so influential, stopping just short of suggesting that Coulter is the conservative Jon Stewart . But even Fox's Bill O'Reilly wasn't buying it. He pressed Painton: "Do you think people, Americans, listen to Ann Coulter? Do you think she has influence in public opinion?" Time defended Coulter as
1188-441: The climate community. It was assessed as mature in the 2021 IPCC Sixth Assessment Report , in contrast to the 2013 IPCC Fifth Assessment Report , in which it was concluded that the scientific methods to attribute individual extreme events to climate change were not yet fit-for-purpose. Otto also works with lawyers using WWA research to provide expertise for lawsuits aimed at compelling companies or governments to lower their impact on
1232-419: The corner to see what is coming. At age 14, Spanish-British born actress Millie Bobby Brown became the youngest person to be listed on the 2018 list , when Stranger Things was in its third season. The 2018 list also included two Israelis : entrepreneur and WeWork founder Adam Neumann ; and actress and model Gal Gadot . In the 2019 list , Time chose authors to write the honorees' blurbs. Some of
1276-473: The environment or even seek compensation for victims. In 2021, she was included in the Time 100 , Time ' s annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world. She was also one of ten scientists who had had important roles in scientific developments in 2021 highlighted in the scientific journal Nature . Time 100 Time 100 is a list of the top 100 most influential people, assembled by
1320-429: The field of attribution research , she examines the extent to which human-caused climate change as well as vulnerability and exposure are responsible for events such heat waves, droughts and floods. Together with climate scientist Geert Jan van Oldenborgh she founded the international project World Weather Attribution which she still leads. In 2021, she was included in the Time 100 , Time ' s annual list of
1364-474: The future of business, entertainment, sports, politics, science, health and more". In 2000, Time 's editors identified "three rather distinct qualities" when choosing people to be listed. Time 's editor-at-large Michael Elliott wrote: First there were those who came to their status by means of a very public possession of power. President George W. Bush is the pre-eminent example. Others, though they are rarely heard from in public, nonetheless have
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1408-415: The impact of weather events on climate change. In her role as co-leader of World Weather Attribution , she has been able to influence the international development of climate change strategies. In connection with Hurricane Harvey in 2017, she concluded that it caused between 12% and 22% of additional rainfall to fall on Houston . She has also maintained that there is little doubt Hurricane Laura in 2020
1452-503: The list to life once again through a Time 100 TV special (Monday, Sept. 20, at 10 p.m. E.T. on ABC). Each category is given equal weight every year, but some people are more likely to make repeat appearances over time. The following list includes individuals who have appeared at least three times. The order is based on the number of times each person has been listed in Time 100. Those who are tied are listed alphabetically. Some individuals, such as Nelson Mandela , have also been listed in
1496-612: The list, even though he was supposedly "in the race". According to Rob Cain of Forbes , "Khan is the biggest and most revered figure [in India]", and Khan's fan following is one of the largest in Bollywood. The announcement of the list was celebrated by a black tie gala at the Time Warner Center in New York City on May 4, 2010. Time readers contributed to the selection through an online vote of over 200 finalists. Time introduced
1540-421: The list, we rely on our journalists around the world and our Time 100 alumni (many of whom are as influential as ever). ... If there is a common theme in many of the tributes, it's the eagerness to see what some engineer, actor, leader or athlete will do next. As much as this exercise chronicles the achievements of the past year, we also focus on figures whose influence is likely to grow, so we can look around
1584-525: The most in the list's history. The gala was held on April 29, 2014, in New York City. Time managing editor Nancy Gibbs commented: The Time 100 is a list of the world's most influential men and women, not its most powerful, though those are not mutually exclusive terms. Power, as we've seen this year, can be crude and implacable, from Vladimir Putin's mugging of Crimea to North Korean dictator Kim Jong Un's summary execution of his uncle and mentor Jang Song-thaek . Those men made our list, but they are
1628-401: The one-off Time 's list of " The Most Important People of the 20th Century ". They are listed in bold . The exclusion of then- British prime minister Tony Blair from the 2004 list caused mild controversy. Time editor-at-large Michael J. Elliott defended the decision to consistently exclude Blair, saying that " Gerhard Schröder and Jacques Chirac are not there either. This
1672-411: The outliers, and not just because we generally seek to celebrate the best work of the human spirit. The vast majority of this year's roster reveals that while power is certain, influence is subtle. Power is a tool, influence is a skill; one is a fist, the other a fingertip. You don't lead by hitting people over the head, Dwight Eisenhower used to say. That's "assault, not leadership." ... To assemble
1716-624: The pairings include Gal Gadot writing about Dwayne Johnson , Shawn Mendes writing about Taylor Swift , Shonda Rhimes writing about Sandra Oh , Ava DuVernay writing about Gayle King , and Beyoncé writing about Michelle Obama . The 2020 list included Indian actor Ayushmann Khurrana , rapper Megan Thee Stallion , comedian Phoebe Waller-Bridge , tennis champion Naomi Osaka (her second time being included), F1 driver Lewis Hamilton , attorney Nury Turkel , American football player Patrick Mahomes , and environmental justice advocate Cecilia Martinez . On September 15, Time revealed
1760-428: The second year in a row, Time journalists assembled this project working apart, across time zones and continents. It was overseen for the fifth year by Dan Macsai, editorial director of the Time 100, working with Ng, as well as Jennifer Duggan, Merrill Fabry, Lucy Feldman, Cate Matthews, Nadia Suleman and designer Katie Kalupson. Though COVID-19 prevented us from hosting our annual gala (back next year!), we are bringing
1804-601: The soft power of ideas and example. Yes, there are Presidents and dictators who can change the world through fiat, but we're more interested in innovators like Monty Jones , the Sierra Leone scientist who has developed a strain of rice that can save African agriculture. Or heroes like the great chess master Garry Kasparov , who is leading the lonely fight for greater democracy in Russia. Or Academy Award -winning actor George Clooney who has leveraged his celebrity to bring attention to
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1848-570: The trailblazers "who are building a better future". Included in the 2022 list was Lina Abu Akleh , a human rights advocate who is the niece of Shireen Abu Akleh , a journalist likely killed by Israeli soldiers. From 2015 to 2019, Time also published a list titled "The 25 Most Influential People on the Internet ", which featured people whose influence and dominance may have changed Internet culture; who have support, position, and prominence in various sections of social media ; or who use and/or rely on
1892-487: The vote". However, it was shown weeks before the poll ended that the results had been heavily influenced by hackers. The first letters of the top 21 names spell out "marblecake also the game ". Marblecake was an obscene 4chan meme , and #marblecake was the name of the Internet Relay Chat channel used for communication by some of the participants in rigging the poll. In its online presentation, Time introduced
1936-578: Was the result of climate change effects. She believes that such attribution reports will help to persuade governments to adopt measures aimed at creating more carbon-neutral communities. Otto's 2019 book Wütendes Wetter , published in English as Angry Weather , became a best seller and received positive reviews. The book details efforts to show which extreme weather events have been made more likely or more severe due to climate change. The approach to event attribution she codeveloped has become routine within
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