32-520: Woolrich, Inc. ( / ˈ w ʊ l r ɪ tʃ / WUUL -ritch ) is an American outdoor clothing company that originated in Woolrich, Pennsylvania , in 1830. Woolrich, Inc., founded in 1830 by John Rich and Daniel McCormick, is the oldest manufacturer of outdoor wear in the United States. The company was founded for the purpose of manufacturing fabric for the wives of hunters, loggers and trappers. Later,
64-722: A private equity firm. As of 2023, the three stores remaining in North America are in Woolrich, Pennsylvania; SoHo , New York City; and Woodbury, New York . In Europe , the brand has stores in Germany, Italy, and The Netherlands. In November 2023 Woolrich appointed Todd Snyder as the Creative Director of its new Black Label premium collection. Woolrich has appeared in films including: Dumb & Dumber , Lassie , The Perfect Storm , The Patriot , Dr. Dolittle 2 , and War of
96-471: A 3-year-old seedling may be considered established; in moist habitats, seedlings may need 4 or 5 years to become established on mineral soil, possibly longer on litter seedbeds. Growth remains very slow for several to many years. Three years after shelterwood felling in subalpine Alberta, dominant regeneration averaged 5.5 cm in height in scarified blocks, and 7.3 cm in non-scarified blocks (Day 1970), possibly reflecting diminished fertility with
128-460: A degree, these classification procedures have important limitations; genetic composition of the seeds produced by a stand is determined by both the seed trees and the pollen parents, and species classification of hybrid seedlots and estimates of their level of introgression on the basis of seed-tree characteristics can be unreliable when hybrid seedlots vary in their introgressiveness in consequence of spatial and temporal variations in contributions from
160-463: A sawmill. Rich bought out McCormick's interest in 1843, and by 1845 the company moved to a new mill at the Chatham's Run location. The 1845 mill no longer exists in its original configuration but its location remains the site of Woolrich's main operations, which developed into a company town now known as Woolrich, Pennsylvania . The 1830 mill was later used for storage and residential purposes; known as
192-482: A sawmill; around 1845 the company (by then solely owned by John Rich) relocated to a new mill at the Chatham's Run location. This 1845 mill no longer exists in its original configuration, but its location remains the site of Woolrich's main operations and its surrounding community. The town was first called Factoryville, later Richville, and after 1888 was named Woolrich. John Rich began his business by selling wool to lumberjacks and their families who were located in
224-481: Is a company town , the home of Woolrich, Inc. , a family-owned clothing company. The company was founded in 1830 by John Rich and Daniel McCormick, and originally located at a mill on Little Plum Run in nearby Dunnstable Township . By 1834, Rich and McCormick decided to move their operations to a location with a better water supply at Chatham's Run in Pine Creek Township. They bought 300 acres and first built
256-558: Is a subjective concept based on the idea that once a seedling has successfully reached a certain size, not much is likely to prevent its further development. Criteria vary, of course, but Noble and Ronco (1978), for instance, considered that seedlings four to five years old, or 8 cm to 10 cm tall, warranted the designation "established", since only unusual factors such as snow mold , fire , trampling , or predation would then impair regeneration success. Eis (1967) suggested that in dry habitats on either mineral soil or litter seedbeds
288-422: Is more difficult. Species classification for seeds collected from spruce stands in which introgressive hybridization between white and Sitka spruces ( P. sitchensis ) may have occurred is important for determining appropriate cultural regimens in the nursery. If, for instance, white spruce grown at container nurseries in southwestern British Columbia are not given an extended photoperiod, leader growth ceases early in
320-718: The Rich-McCormick Woolen Factory , it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Another member of the Rich family, Robert F. Rich , headed Woolrich for many years and was also a longtime Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives . Serving 18 years between 1931 and 1951, he became known as a vocal opponent of the New Deal and (like many other members of his family) an important supporter of Lycoming College . After camping grew popular in
352-469: The pulvinus , give it away. Beyond that, determination can become more difficult. Intensive sampling in the Smithers/Hazelton/Houston area of British Columbia showed Douglas (1975), according to Coates et al. (1994), that cone scale morphology was the feature most useful in differentiating species of spruce; the length, width, length: width ratio, the length of free scale (the distance from
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#1733092438344384-545: The 1970s, Woolrich suffered in the 1980s due to other companies wanting to compete. For many years, their competitors have been L.L.Bean , Eddie Bauer , The Timberland Company , The North Face , Patagonia and Columbia Sportswear . In 1990, Woolrich let go of half of their 2,600 employees nationwide by then-president S. Wade Judy due to fewer orders. That same year, the company also closed six plants in Pennsylvania , Nebraska and Colorado for about five years and outsourced
416-474: The Earth. Picea is the sole genus in the subfamily Piceoideae . Spruces are large trees, from about 20 to 60 m (about 60–200 ft) tall when mature, and have whorled branches and conical form. Spruces can be distinguished from other genera of the family Pinaceae by their needles (leaves), which are four-sided and attached singly to small persistent peg-like structures ( pulvini or sterigmata ) on
448-511: The European licensing operations with the company in the U.S., forming Woolrich International. Goldwin Inc., a Japanese company, also acquired a portion of the newly created company. In September 2018, the company announced it would permanently close its last plant in the United States, in Woolrich, Pennsylvania . It was also announced that the majority stake of W.P. Lavori was being sold to L-GAM Advisors,
480-416: The Rich family and joined the company in 1977 and became president in 1996 and CEO the next year. The former president, Nick Brayton, and vice president Joshua Rich, represented the seventh and eighth generations of the Rich family to serve in the management of the company. In January 2013, John Ranelli was named president and CEO of Central Garden & Pet Company and retained his "non-executive" chairman of
512-534: The Worlds . Woolrich, Pennsylvania Woolrich ( / ˈ w ʊ l r ɪ tʃ / WUUL -ritch ) is an unincorporated community in Pine Creek Township , Clinton County, Pennsylvania , United States. Its elevation is 725 feet (221 m), and it is located at 41°12′28″N 77°22′19″W / 41.20778°N 77.37194°W / 41.20778; -77.37194 (41.1911819, 77.3720595). Woolrich
544-861: The board title at Woolrich. In May, the company announced they had plans to move more of their workforce to the United States. In September 2013, Woolrich partnered with Portland Product Werks (PPW) to manufacture shoes, a new line for Woolrich. PPW is led by Sean Beers, a former employee of Columbia Sportwear, a Woolrich competitor. They debuted the Woolrich footwear line at the Salt Lake City Outdoor Retailer Winter Market in January 2014, Las Vegas in February and in Fall 2014 in New York. In 2014, Woolrich collaborated with Dogfish Head Brewery by releasing
576-429: The branches, and by their cones (without any protruding bracts ), which hang downwards after they are pollinated. The needles are shed when 4–10 years old, leaving the branches rough with the retained pegs. In other similar genera, the branches are fairly smooth. Spruce are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera (moth and butterfly) species, such as the eastern spruce budworm . They are also used by
608-543: The company also outfitted clothing supplies to the American Civil War . and Richard E. Byrd 's 1939–1940 Antarctic expedition. The 1830 wool mill was located on Little Plum Run in Dunnstable Township , Clinton County, Pennsylvania . Wool production stopped there around 1843–1845 because of insufficient water supply. The company bought 300 acres at Chatham's Run in nearby Pine Creek Township in 1834 and built
640-643: The first growing season, and seedlings do not reach the minimum height specifications. But, if an extended photoperiod is provided for Sitka spruce, seedlings become unacceptably tall by the end of the first growing season. Species classification of seedlots collected in areas where hybridization of white and Sitka spruces has been reported has depended on (i) easily measured cone scale characters of seed trees, especially free scale length, (ii) visual judgements of morphological characters, e.g., growth rhythm, shoot and root weight, and needle serration, or (iii) some combination of (i) and (ii) (Yeh and Arnott 1986). Useful to
672-563: The following spring. More than half of spruce seedling mortality probably occurs during the first growing season and is also very high during the first winter, when seedlings are subjected to freezing damage, frost heaving and erosion, as well as smothering by litter and snow-pressed vegetation. Seedlings that germinate late in the growing season are particularly vulnerable because they are tiny and have not had time to harden off fully. Mortality rates generally decrease sharply thereafter, but losses often remain high for some years. "Establishment"
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#1733092438344704-1598: The fossil record is from the Early Cretaceous ( Valanginian ) of western Canada, around 136 million years old. P. sitchensis (Bongard) Carrière P. breweriana Watson P. likiangensis (Franchet) Pritzel P. farreri Page & Rushforth P. spinulosa (Griffith) Henry P. schrenkiana Fischer & Meyer P. smithiana (Wallich) Boiss. P. glauca (Moench) Voss P. engelmannii Parry ex Engelmann P. martinezii T.F.Patt. P. chihuahuana Martínez P. alcoquiana (Veitch ex Lindley) Carrière P. brachytyla (Franchet) Pritzel P. neoveitchii Masters P. morrisonicola Hayata P. purpurea Masters P. wilsonii Masters P. orientalis (von Linné) Peterm. P. maximowiczii Regel ex Masters P. polita (Siebold & Zuccarini) Carrière P. pungens Engelmann P. glehnii (Schmidt) Masters P. jezoensis (Sieb. & Zuccarini) Carrière P. rubens Sargent P. mariana (Miller) Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg P. omorika (Pančić) Purkyne P. obovata Ledeb. P. abies (von Linné) Karsten P. koyamae Shiras. P. asperata Masters P. koraiensis Nakai P. torano (Siebold ex Koch) Koehne P. retroflexa Masters P. shirasawae Hayashi P. crassifolia Komarov P. meyeri Rehder & Wilson As of April 2022 , Plants of
736-435: The imprint of the seed wing to the tip of the scale), and the percentage free scale (length of free scale as a percentage of the total length of the scale) were most useful in this regard. Daubenmire (1974), after range-wide sampling, had already recognized the importance of the two latter characters. Taylor (1959) had noted that the most obvious morphological difference between typical Picea glauca and typical P. engelmannii
768-416: The larvae of gall adelgids ( Adelges species). In the mountains of western Sweden , scientists have found a Norway spruce , nicknamed Old Tjikko , which by reproducing through layering , has reached an age of 9,550 years and is claimed to be the world's oldest known living tree. Determining that a tree is a spruce is not difficult; evergreen needles that are more or less quadrangled, and especially
800-402: The limited edition Pennsylvania Tuxedo, a spruce -enhanced pale ale. In 2015, the company celebrated and achieved its 185-year anniversary with an art gallery show at its store in New York. In 2016, Italian company W.P. Lavori, which had previously licensed the Woolrich name for the European market as John Rich & Bros., agreed to acquire a majority stake in the company. The move consolidated
832-404: The local factory, still manufactures blankets and fabric there, including those used in the U.S. military. In 2014 Woolrich Inc. partnered with a Delaware brewery, Dogfish Head to manufacture beer made from pine trees and introduced the black-and-red checkered pattern that is one of Woolrich's signature patterns in their logo. Robert F. Rich , who headed the Woolrich company for many years and
864-502: The mountains of central Pennsylvania. The wool was used to make clothing and socks for the lumberjacks. Lumber was the primary source of income for most people who lived in this region. Hence the lumber barons' major homes in Williamsport, Pennsylvania called Millionaires Row. The woolen mill that was started was one of the businesses that sprang up to support the lumber industry. Woolrich Inc., though it does not make its clothes in
896-727: The pollen parent (Yeh and Arnott 1986). Secondly, morphological characters are markedly influenced by ontogenetic and environmental influences, so that to discern spruce hybrid seedlot composition with accuracy, hybrid seedlots must differ substantially in morphology from both parent species. Yeh and Arnott (1986) pointed out the difficulties of estimating accurately the degree of introgression between white and Sitka spruces; introgression may have occurred at low levels, and/or hybrid seed lots may vary in their degree of introgression in consequence of repeated backcrossing with parental species. Spruce seedlings are most susceptible immediately following germination , and remain highly susceptible through to
928-477: The removal of the A horizon. DNA analyses have shown that traditional classifications based on the morphology of needle and cone are artificial. A 2006 study found that P. breweriana had a basal position, followed by P. sitchensis , and the other species were further divided into three clades , suggesting that Picea originated in North America. The oldest record of spruce that has been found in
960-417: The work to Mexico, leaving them with about 1,400 employees. Since then, the employment numbers have continued changing, with about 500 as of 2008 and about 200 in 2013. In 1998, Woolrich provided the clothing used in the film The Horse Whisperer . In 2007, the company's long-time president and CEO, Roswell Brayton, Jr. , died after collapsing at the Woolrich headquarters. He was a sixth generation member of
992-424: Was also a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives for 18 years between 1931 and 1951, was born in Woolrich. Spruce About 35; see text. A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea ( / p aɪ ˈ s iː . ə / py- SEE -ə ), a genus of about 40 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae , found in the northern temperate and boreal ( taiga ) regions of
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1024-511: Was the cone scale, and Horton (1956,1959) found that the most useful diagnostic features of the two spruces are in the cone; differences occur in the flower, shoot and needle, "but those in the cone are most easily assessed" (Horton 1959). Coupé et al. (1982) recommended that cone scale characters be based on samples taken from the midsection of each of ten cones from each of five trees in the population of interest. Without cones, morphological differentiation among spruce species and their hybrids
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