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17-457: Born at Heidenheim , at an early age Heidenheim was sent to Fürth , where he studied Talmud under Joseph Steinhardt (author of Zikron Yosef ) and, from 1777, under Hirsch Janow . Besides Talmudic literature, Heidenheim devoted himself to the study of Hebrew grammar, and particularly of the Masorah . In 1782 he left Fürth, probably on account of Janow's opposition to Mendelssohn 's translation of

34-459: A need to increase the efficiency and reduce costs of administration. At the same time, many districts and also urban districts were merged into larger districts. There are several types of municipalities in Germany, with different levels of autonomy. Each federal state has its own administrative laws, and its own local government structure. The main types of municipalities are: In all municipalities,

51-650: Is a municipality in the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district, in Bavaria , Germany . Heidenheim is an old German market town, which resides in the administrative region of Middle Franconia in the middle of Bavaria . It belongs to the rural district called Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen . It is the administrative center of the local region called Hahnenkamm . The town is sometimes confused with another Heidenheim [1] very close by in Baden-Württemberg . Heidenheim

68-447: Is located in the administration region West Middle Franconia (Westmittelfranken). Following local subdistricts belong to Heidenheim: Degersheim, Hechlingen am See, Hohentrüdingen. Heidenheim was first mentioned in the year 742. During that time the double monastery of Heidenheim am Hahnenkamm (housing monks and nuns), was founded by Saint Willibald and was later led by Saint Walpurga who became abbess after his death. Secular power

85-710: Is not part of a Gemeindeverband ("municipal association"). The highest degree of autonomy may be found in the Gemeinden which are not part of a Kreis ("district"). These Gemeinden are referred to as Kreisfreie Städte or Stadtkreise , often translated as "urban district". In some states they retained a higher measure of autonomy than the other municipalities of the Kreis (e.g. Große Kreisstadt ). Municipalities titled Stadt (town or city) are urban municipalities while those titled Gemeinde are classified as rural municipalities. With more than 3,600,000 inhabitants,

102-506: The Maḥzor , with a Hebrew commentary by himself and a German translation by himself and Breidenbach (1800). In order to give a correct text, Heidenheim had secured the most ancient manuscripts, among them being one of the year 1258, as well as the earliest Italian and German editions. At the end of the Maḥzor to Shemini Aẓeret there is printed Heidenheim's Ha-Piyyutim veha-Payetanim, an essay on

119-716: The Mebo ha-Mishnah of Maimonides , and Solomon Papenheim 's Yeri'ot Shelomoh. He left more than a dozen unpublished works, mostly on Hebrew grammar. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Singer, Isidore; Seligsohn, M. (1904). "Heidenheim, Wolf (Benjamin) ben Samson" . In Singer, Isidore ; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia . Vol. 6. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 319–320. [REDACTED] Media related to Wolf Heidenheim at Wikimedia Commons Heidenheim, Bavaria Heidenheim ( German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪdn̩ˌhaɪm] )

136-541: The Pentateuch , of which Heidenheim was an admirer. He went to Frankfurt , where he made the acquaintance of the most prominent scholars, among them Wolf Breidenbach  [ de ] and Solomon Dubno . There began his literary activity, which lasted fifty years. Heidenheim, encouraged by Dubno, conceived the idea of issuing a revised edition of the Pentateuch, with a commentary of his own. The first work edited by him

153-563: The mayor and the members of the municipal council are appointed by local elections that take place on a regular basis. Elections for the municipal councils ( Kommunalwahlen ) take place every 4 years in Bremen, every 6 years in Bavaria and every 5 years in all other states. The office of mayor is full-time ( hauptamtlich ) in larger municipalities, and voluntary ( ehrenamtlich ) in smaller municipalities, for instance those that are part of

170-549: The accents, adding numerous grammatical notes. But the undertaking, on the business side, was too difficult for him alone, and he was compelled to stop at Genesis 43:16. He next entered into partnership with Baruch Baschwitz, an energetic business man; through the assistance of Breidenbach they obtained from the Count of Solms-Rödelheim , under favorable conditions, a license to establish a printing-press at Rödelheim, where they relocated in 1799. Heidenheim immediately began an edition of

187-484: The liturgists. In 1806, Baschwitz having withdrawn, Heidenheim became sole proprietor. In that year he published his Mevo ha-lashon, a treatise on Hebrew grammar , and in 1808 his Sefer Mishpete ha-ta'amim , a treatise on the accents according to the ancient grammarians. Ten years later Heidenheim recommenced his edition of the Pentateuch, but with a larger scope. It was published in four separate editions between 1818 and 1821. The first edition, Me'or 'enayim, contains

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204-801: The most populous municipality of Germany is the city of Berlin ; and the least populous is Gröde in Schleswig-Holstein . Status as of January 2024. The number of municipalities of Germany has decreased strongly over the years: in 1968 there were 24,282 municipalities in West Germany , and in 1980 there were 8,409. The same trend occurred in the New states of Germany after the German reunification: from 7,612 municipalities in 1990 to 2,380 as of 1 January 2024. While in some cases growing cities absorbed neighbouring municipalities, most of these mergers were driven by

221-467: The status of the municipality and the Land (federal state) it is part of. The city-states Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are second-level divisions. A Gemeinde is one level lower in those states which also include Regierungsbezirke (singular: Regierungsbezirk ) as an intermediate territorial division (Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia). The Gemeinde is one level higher if it

238-484: The text, the commentary En ha-kore, and the author's treatise ( En ha-sofer ) on the square characters . The second, Moda la-binah, contains the text, the commentary of Rashi , and the author's supercommentary. The third edition, Tikkun sofer, is an unvocalized text for scribes, and the last contains the text, with a German translation, and a commentary titled Minḥah ḥadashah. He also added valuable notes to various works which issued from his press, among them being

255-548: Was Abraham ibn Ezra 's Moznayim , to which he added a critical commentary (Offenbach, 1791). Seven years later Heidenheim began his critical edition of the Pentateuch, which he titled Sefer Torat Elohim. It contained the Targum , the commentaries of Rashi and Rashbam , the Minḥat Shai of Solomon Norzi , his own glosses and Masoretic references, and his supercommentary on Rashi, Havanat ha-Mikra. He based his commentary chiefly on

272-550: Was represented by the Earl of Truhendingen (Altentrühdingen), later Duke of Bavaria, burgrave of Nuremberg ( Hohenzollern ). After that, Heidenheim belonged to the Margrave of Ansbach . Due to the Reformation , the monastery was closed in 1537. Since then Heidenheim is mostly Lutheran. In 1792 Prussia bought principality of Ansbach and henceforth Heidenheim. As part of Ansbach Heidenheim

289-455: Was transferred back to Bavaria due to the contract of Paris (February 1806) to Bavaria. Municipalities of Germany Municipalities ( German : Gemeinden , pronounced [ɡəˌmaɪ̯ndn̩] ; singular Gemeinde ) are the lowest level of official territorial division in Germany . This can be the second, third, fourth or fifth level of territorial division, depending on

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