67-641: The A4200 is a major thoroughfare in central London . It runs between the A4 at Aldwych , to the A400 Hampstead Road / Camden High Street , at Mornington Crescent tube station , via Holborn , Bloomsbury , Euston and Somers Town . Kingsway is a major road in central London , designated as part of the A4200 . It runs from High Holborn , at its north end in the London Borough of Camden , and meets Aldwych in
134-611: A central point at Charing Cross (in the City of Westminster ), which is marked by the statue of King Charles I at the junction of the Strand , Whitehall and Cockspur Street , just south of Trafalgar Square . The central area is distinguished, according to the Royal Commission , by the inclusion within its boundaries of Parliament and the Royal Palaces, the headquarters of Government,
201-687: A separate, smaller shaft. Although the station was constructed where the GNP&;BR's tunnels crossed those of the Central London Railway (CLR, now the Central line) running under High Holborn, no interchange between the two lines was made as the CLR's nearest station, British Museum , was 250 metres (820 ft) to the west. Passengers wishing to interchange between the two stations had to do so at street level. The station opened on 15 December 1906, although
268-469: A spacious new ticket hall was provided giving access to a bank of four escalators down to an intermediate concourse for the Central line platforms. A second bank of three escalators continues down to the Piccadilly line platforms. To construct the new Central line platforms, the larger diameter station tunnels were manually excavated around the existing running tunnels whilst trains continued to run. When
335-569: Is a London Underground station in Holborn , Central London , located at the junction of High Holborn and Kingsway . It is served by the Central and Piccadilly lines. On the Central line the station is between Tottenham Court Road and Chancery Lane stations, and on the Piccadilly line it is between Covent Garden and Russell Square stations. The station is in Travelcard Zone 1 . Close by are
402-431: Is at capacity because of the large number of passengers leaving and entering the station, as well as the large numbers of passengers changing between lines. Currently, everyone who uses the station has to pass through the intermediate concourse at the bottom of the main escalators. This causes congestion and delays. In September 2017, TfL proposed various station improvements including a second entrance on Procter Street to
469-560: Is at the junction of Upper Woburn Place with Tavistock Square. Property values are high in this area. For example, in 2005 a freehold office building at 19–29 Woburn Place (9,400 m, 101,000 sq ft) was sold for £22.6 million. On 7 July 2005, a suicide bomb planted by 18-year-old Hasib Hussain detonated aboard a double decker bus passing Tavistock Square as it was travelling from Marble Arch to Oxford Circus on route 30 , killing 13 passengers, plus Hussain himself. The bus had been diverted to Woburn Place due to road closures resulting from
536-433: Is described as "a unique cluster of vitally important activities including central government offices, headquarters and embassies, the largest concentration of London's financial and business services sector and the offices of trade, professional bodies, institutions, associations, communications, publishing, advertising and the media". For strategic planning, since 2011 there has been a Central London sub-region comprising
603-544: Is located in the Bloomsbury area of Camden . To the north is Tavistock Square and to the south-east is Russell Square . Past Tavistock Square the road becomes Upper Woburn Place until the junction with Euston Road . The Royal National Hotel building is located in the south-west side of Woburn Place north of Russell Square, with 1,630 rooms on eight floors, is the largest hotel in the UK. The British Medical Association building
670-591: Is the innermost part of London , in England , spanning the City of London and several boroughs . Over time, a number of definitions have been used to define the scope of Central London for statistics, urban planning and local government. Its characteristics are understood to include a high-density built environment, high land values, an elevated daytime population and a concentration of regionally, nationally and internationally significant organisations and facilities. Road distances to London are traditionally measured from
737-539: The British Museum , Lincoln's Inn Fields , Red Lion Square , Bloomsbury Square , London School of Economics and Sir John Soane's Museum . Located at the junction of two earlier tube railway schemes, the station was opened in 1906 by the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway (GNP&BR). The station entrances and below ground circulation were largely reconstructed for the introduction of escalators and
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#1732876784317804-552: The British Museum , including the Elgin Marbles . The branch reopened on 1 July 1946, but patronage did not increase. In 1958, London Transport announced it would be closed. Again it survived, but the service was reduced in June 1958 to run only during Monday to Friday peak hours and Saturday morning and early afternoons. The Saturday service was withdrawn in June 1962. After operating only during peak hours for more than 30 years,
871-731: The Herbert Commission and the subsequent passage of the London Government Bill , three unsuccessful attempts were made to define an area that would form a central London borough . The first two were detailed in the 1959 Memorandum of Evidence of the Greater London Group of the London School of Economics . "Scheme A" envisaged a central London borough, one of 25, consisting of the City of London, Westminster, Holborn, Finsbury and
938-617: The Indica Bookshop was separated from the Indica Gallery , a counterculture art gallery supported by Paul McCartney , and moved to 102 Southampton Row in the summer of that year. As of 2022 a major route for buses, the street once formed part of a tram route that included a tunnel for trams . Woburn Place is a street in central London , England, named after Woburn Abbey , home to the Dukes of Bedford who developed much of Bloomsbury. It
1005-576: The Kingsway Tramway Subway underground Holborn tramway station located a little distance south of the underground station. This was the only part of London with an underground tram system, and Holborn tramway station (named Great Queen Street when first opened) is still extant beneath ground, though with no public access. London Buses routes 1 , 8 , 59 , 68 , 91 , 133 , 188 and 243 , limited Superloop route SL6 and night routes N1 , N8 , N25 , N68 , N91 , N171 and N242 serve
1072-629: The Law Courts , the head offices of a very large number of commercial and industrial firms, as well as institutions of great influence in the intellectual life of the nation such as the British Museum , the National Gallery , the Tate Gallery , the University of London , the headquarters of the national ballet and opera, together with the headquarters of many national associations, the great professions,
1139-660: The 1810s as part of the Bedford Estate . It was called "Seymour Street", as shown in the map to the right, until 1938 when it was renamed. It took its new name from Eversholt which is a village in Bedfordshire (which comes from Anglo-Saxon meaning "wood of the wild boar") near Ampthill , which gave its name to Ampthill Square nearby, and follows a theme of names related to the Duke of Bedford . It in turn gives its name to Eversholt Rail Group . Central London Central London
1206-462: The 1961 census. It consisted of the City of London, all of Westminster, Holborn and Finsbury; and the inner parts of Shoreditch, Stepney, Bermondsey, Southwark, Lambeth, Chelsea, Kensington, Paddington, St Marylebone and St Pancras. The population was estimated to be 270,000. 51°30′N 0°08′W / 51.50°N 0.13°W / 51.50; -0.13 Holborn tube station Holborn ( / ˈ h oʊ b ər n / HOH -bə(r)n )
1273-636: The CLR in November 1913, although the First World War prevented any works taking place. Like many other central London Underground stations, Holborn was modernised in the early 1930s to replace the lifts with escalators. The station frontages on Kingsway and High Holborn were partially reconstructed to modernist designs by Charles Holden with the granite elements replaced with plain Portland stone façades perforated with glazed screens. The lifts were removed and
1340-470: The City of London, the whole of Finsbury and Holborn, most of Westminster and Southwark, parts of St Pancras, St Marylebone, Paddington and a small part of Kensington. The area had an estimated population of 400,000 and occupied 8,000 acres (32 km ). During the passage of the London Government Bill an amendment was put forward to create a central borough corresponding to the definition used at
1407-613: The Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway following parliamentary approval in November 1902. The linking of the GN&;SR and B&PCR routes at Holborn meant that the section of the GN&SR south of Holborn became a branch from the main route. The UERL began constructing the main route in July 1902. Progress was rapid, so that it was largely complete by the Autumn of 1906. Construction of
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#17328767843171474-561: The London tabloid press at the time as the efforts of a "new 'Sherlock Holmes', hunting beneath the streets of London for clues about the mysteries of the universe." The station is in London fare zone 1 . On the Central line the station is between Tottenham Court Road and Chancery Lane, and on the Piccadilly line, it is between Covent Garden and Russell Square. Holborn is the only direct interchange between these lines. Train frequencies vary throughout
1541-539: The Metropolis or in any provincial city, and the enormous office developments which have taken place recently constitute a totally new phenomenon. Starting in 2004, the London Plan defined a 'Central Activities Zone' policy area, which as of 2008 comprised the City of London, most of Westminster and the inner parts of Camden, Islington, Hackney, Tower Hamlets, Southwark, Lambeth, Kensington & Chelsea and Wandsworth. It
1608-636: The bay platform was converted into rooms for use, at various times, as offices, air-raid shelters, store rooms, an electrical sub-station and a war-time hostel. Since 1994, the branch's remaining platform at Holborn has been used to test mock-up designs for new platform signage and advertising systems. In the aftermath of the King's Cross fire in 1987, the Fennell Report into the disaster recommended that London Underground investigate "passenger flow and congestion in stations and take remedial action". A private bill
1675-521: The boroughs of Camden , Islington , Kensington and Chelsea , Lambeth , Southwark , Westminster and the City of London . From 2004 to 2008, the London Plan included a sub-region called Central London comprising Camden, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Lambeth, Southwark, Wandsworth and Westminster. It had a 2001 population of 1,525,000. The sub-region was replaced in 2008 with a new structure which amalgamated inner and outer boroughs together. This
1742-467: The branch remained low: when the branch was considered for closure in 1929, its annual usage was 1,069,650 and takings were £4,500. The branch was again considered for closure in 1933, but remained open. Wartime efficiency measures led to the branch being closed temporarily on 22 September 1940, shortly after the start of The Blitz , and it was partly fitted out by the City of Westminster as an air-raid shelter . The tunnels were used to store items from
1809-536: The branch tunnels. As with most of the other GNP&BR stations, the station building was designed by Leslie Green , though at Holborn the station frontage was, uniquely, constructed in stone rather than the standard red glazed terracotta . This was due to planning regulations imposed by the London County Council which required the use of stone for façades in Kingsway. The station entrance and exit sections of
1876-536: The branch was delayed while the London County Council carried out slum clearances to construct its new road Kingsway and the tramway subway running beneath it and while the UERL decided how the junction between the main route and the branch would be arranged at Holborn. When originally planned by the GN&SR, Holborn station was to have just two platforms. The first GNP&BR plan for the station would have seen
1943-441: The closure announcement came on 4 January 1993. The original 1907 lifts at Aldwych required replacement at a cost of £3 million. This was not justifiable as only 450 passengers used the station each day and it was losing London Regional Transport £150,000 per year. The secretary of state for transport granted permission on 1 September 1994 to close the station and the branch closed on 30 September. After its closure in 1917,
2010-410: The day, but generally Central line trains operate every 2–6 minutes from approximately 05:53 to 00:30 westbound and 05:51 to 00:33 eastbound. Piccadilly line trains operate every 2–6 minutes from approximately 05:42 to 00:28 westbound and 05:54 to 00:38 northbound. Before the closure of the original London tram network in 1952, Holborn tube station provided an interchange between trams and tubes, via
2077-477: The earlier bombings. Eversholt Street is a street in the London Borough of Camden in London , England . It lies in Somers Town, London : stretching a kilometre from Euston railway station in the south to Camden Town in the north. Eversholt Street starts at Euston Road , between Euston Square Gardens and Euston Fire Station . It travels north, including Euston House , the grade-II listed Royal George ,
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2144-401: The excavations were complete, the original segmental tunnel linings were dismantled. The new platforms came into use on 25 September 1933 replacing those of British Museum, which had closed the day before. As part of the modernisation the station was renamed Holborn (Kingsway) on 22 May 1933, but the suffix gradually dropped out of use and no longer appears on station signage or tube maps . It
2211-452: The grade-II listed 64 Eversholt Street , the grade-II listed Church of St Mary the Virgin , the grade-II listed Eversholt House , and Camden Council's The Crowndale Centre which includes Camden Town Library . It joins Camden High Street at Mornington Crescent station . It also includes a controversial strip bar that is the subject of many articles in local newspapers. The road was laid out in
2278-503: The inner parts of St Marylebone, St Pancras, Chelsea, Southwark and Lambeth. The boundary deviated from existing lines to include all central London railway stations , the Tower of London and the museums, such that it included small parts of Kensington, Shoreditch, Stepney and Bermondsey. It had an estimated population of 350,000 and occupied 7,000 acres (28 km ). "Scheme B" delineated central London, as one of 7 boroughs, including most of
2345-406: The investigation into how the fire started stated on 9 April that it came from an electrical fault. The original buildings were built between 1903 and 1905. They were mostly mid-rises in stone, and in various styles including neoclassical and neo-Baroque. Many survive but some have been replaced. Notable buildings include: The closest tube stations are Holborn , which is at the top of the road, at
2412-535: The junction of Southampton Row and Vernon Place. On 27 December 1909, a song by the English composer Edward Elgar , named The King's Way , celebrates the opening of Kingsway. The words are written by his wife, Caroline Alice Elgar . The song was first performed at an Alexandra Palace concert on 15 January 1910, sung by Clara Butt . Southampton Row is a major thoroughfare running northwest–southeast in Bloomsbury , Camden , central London , England. The street
2479-507: The junction with High Holborn, as well as Temple , and formerly Aldwych , which closed in 1994. As part of the redevelopment a tram tunnel was built underneath the road. The trams ceased to run in the 1950s and, since 1961, the southern end of the tunnel has been used by cars under the name of the Strand Underpass . The northern entrance to the tunnel still exists (with its tram lines still in situ, see image right) and can be found at
2546-467: The new street. Plans were published by London County Council in 1898, authorised by the London County Council (Improvements) Act 1899 ( 62 & 63 Vict. c. cclxvi) and the road was formally opened in 1905. It is one of the broadest streets in central London at 100 feet (30 m) wide. There were several proposed names for the new street, including King Edward VII Street , Empire Avenue , Imperial Avenue and Connecticut Avenue . The name "Kingsway"
2613-416: The next two days, with flames shooting out of a manhole cover from a burst gas main, before being extinguished. Several thousand people were evacuated from nearby offices, and several theatres cancelled performances. There was also substantial disruption to telecoms infrastructure. On 8 April, press reports emerged stating that the fire may have been started as part of the 2015 Hatton Garden burglary ; however,
2680-401: The north-east of the station, lifts to provide step free access, and new tunnels to improve the interchange between the Central and Piccadilly lines. Owing to the delay in the opening of Crossrail and the subsequent knock on effect on TfL's Business Plan, the upgrade to Holborn station is now not expected to commence until 2023/24, with the works taking around six years to complete, doubling
2747-492: The northbound branch tunnel. As built, for ease of passenger access, the branch's northbound tunnel ended in a dead-end platform adjacent to the northbound main line platform with the branch's southbound tunnel connected to the northbound main line tunnel. To enable the southbound tunnel of the main route to avoid the branch tunnels, it was constructed at a lower level than the other tunnels and platforms. The tunnel towards Covent Garden (at this point heading south-west) passes under
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2814-415: The opening of Central line platforms in 1933, making the station the only interchange between the lines. Before 1994, Holborn was the northern terminus of the short and little-frequented Piccadilly line branch to Aldwych and two platforms originally used for this service are disused. One of the disused platforms has been used for location filming when a London Underground station platform is needed. While
2881-436: The opening of the branch was delayed until 30 November 1907. The street level interchange between the GNP&BR and CLR involving two sets of lifts was considered a weakness in the network. A below ground subway connection was considered in 1907. A proposal to enlarge the CLR's tunnels to create new platforms at Holborn station and to abandon British Museum station was included in a private bill submitted to parliament by
2948-427: The rear train and 20 passengers were injured. An inquiry concluded that the accident was caused by the driver failing to control his train. Disruption of services occurred until the following morning. On 21 October 1997, a 9-year-old boy, Ajit Singh, was dragged to his death after a toggle on his anorak was trapped in the closing doors of a Piccadilly line train. The disused branch line platform and other parts of
3015-528: The size of the station. The Holborn rail crash occurred on the Central line at Holborn on 9 July 1980, at about 13:28 and involved two 1962 stock trains. The 13:17 train from Liverpool Street to White City , standing at the westbound platform, was run into by the 12:49 Hainault to Ealing Broadway train. The rear train was slowing after its brakes had been applied by the emergency train stop system because it had passed two signals at danger, but it failed to stop in time to avoid collision. The driver of
3082-528: The south in the City of Westminster at Bush House . It was opened by King Edward VII in 1905. Together Kingsway and Aldwych form one of the major north–south routes through central London linking the ancient east–west routes of High Holborn and Strand . The name "King's Way" originally applied to what is now Theobalds Road , as it was the route that King James I took when travelling from London to his residence Theobalds Palace in Hertfordshire. The road
3149-522: The station have been used in the filming of music videos for Howard Jones' " New Song ", Leftfield 's " Release the Pressure ", Suede's " Saturday Night " and Aqua's " Turn Back Time ". The pre-war operation of the station and the branch line features in a pivotal scene in Geoffrey Household 's novel Rogue Male , when the pursuit of the protagonist by enemy agents sees them repeatedly using
3216-511: The station's escalators, passageways and the shuttle service. Patrick Blackett (who won the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the positron ), developed plans to install a cosmic ray detector on an abandoned platform of the Holborn Station following a row with his mentor Lord Rutherford at Cambridge University. The plans included an 11-ton magnet and a cloud chamber , and were hailed by
3283-505: The street façade were constructed in granite with the other parts of the ground and first floors in the same style, but using Portland stone . The rest of the building above first floor level was constructed contemporaneously with the station. Access to the platform levels of the station was provided by trapezium -shaped electric lifts manufactured by Otis in America. These operated in pairs in shared circular shafts, with an escape stair in
3350-485: The trade unions, the trade associations, social service societies, as well as shopping centres and centres of entertainment which attract people from the whole of Greater London and farther afield. In many other respects the central area differs from areas farther out in London. The rateable value of the central area is exceptionally high. Its day population is very much larger than its night population. Its traffic problems reach an intensity not encountered anywhere else in
3417-489: The two companies came under the control of Charles Yerkes ' Metropolitan District Electric Traction Company before being transferred to his new holding company , the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL) in June 1902. To connect the two companies' planned routes, the UERL obtained permission for new tunnels between Piccadilly Circus and Holborn. The companies were formally merged as
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#17328767843173484-573: The two disused platforms are now closed to the public, they can be still be seen on a " Hidden London " guided tour held by London Transport Museum . The station was planned by the Great Northern and Strand Railway (GN&SR), which had received parliamentary approval for a route from Wood Green station (now Alexandra Palace) to Strand in 1899. After the GN&SR was taken over by the Brompton and Piccadilly Circus Railway (B&PCR) in September 1901,
3551-399: The two northbound tunnels would have been 75 metres (246 ft) north of the platforms. When powers were sought to build the junction in 1905, the layout was changed again so that four platforms were to be provided. The southbound tunnel of the main route no longer connected to the branch, which was to be provided with an additional platform in a dead-end tunnel accessed from a crossover from
3618-413: The two platforms shared by trains on the main route and by the shuttle service on the branch with the junctions between the tunnels south of the station. The interference that shuttle trains would have caused to services on the main route led to a redesign so that two northbound platforms were provided, one for the main line and one for the branch line, with a single southbound platform. The junctions between
3685-724: The wall of the Bloomsbury Park Hotel in May 1993 to mark his birthplace. In 1907, the Institute of Education moved to its first purpose-built building on Southampton Row. In 1938, the Institute moved to the Senate House complex of the University of London on Malet Street , not far away to the northwest. On 12 September 1933, the Hungarian physicist Leó Szilárd , an exile from Nazi Germany,
3752-419: The walls of the platform. Initially, shuttle train services on the branch operated from the through platform at Holborn. At peak times, an additional train operated alternately in the branch's western tunnel from the bay platform at Holborn. During the first year of operation, a train for theatregoers operated late on Monday to Saturday evenings from Strand through Holborn and northbound to Finsbury Park ; this
3819-651: Was a branch of the Piccadilly tube line from Holborn to Aldwych station on the Strand; this was closed in 1994. Aldwych station is still used for television and film sets that require underground scenes. During the Second World War the branch was used to store art treasures from the British Museum , including the Elgin Marbles . On 1 April 2015, electrical cables under the pavement in Kingsway caught fire, leading to serious disruption in central London. The fire continued for
3886-413: Was altered in 2011 when a new Central London sub-region was created, now including the City of London and excluding Wandsworth. The 1901 Census defined Central London as the City of London and the metropolitan boroughs (subdivisions that existed from 1900 to 1965) of Bermondsey , Bethnal Green , Finsbury , Holborn , Shoreditch , Southwark , Stepney , St Marylebone and Westminster . During
3953-472: Was crossing Southampton Row at the junction with Russell Square when he conceived the idea of a nuclear chain reaction , which led directly to the development of nuclear weapons and nuclear power . The Sue Ryder Care charity, established in 1953, is registered at 114–118 Southampton Row. Also in 1953, John Cass opened a bookshop on Southampton Row, where he began publishing books and journals which were acquired by Taylor & Francis in 2003. In 1966,
4020-614: Was discontinued in October 1908. In March 1908, the off-peak shuttle service began to use the western tunnel on the branch, crossing between the two branch tunnels south of Holborn. Low usage led to the withdrawal of the second peak-hour shuttle and the eastern tunnel was taken out of use in 1914. Sunday services ended in April 1917 and, in August of the same year, the eastern tunnel and the bay platform at Holborn were formally closed. Passenger numbers on
4087-469: Was displayed on the platform roundels until the 1980s. The new platforms at Holborn led to the number of passengers switching between the lines increasing tenfold by 1938. The station was redecorated in the 1980s, with platform walls lined with panels of enamelled metal forming murals designed by Allan Drummond that reference the British Museum . These murals reference Egyptian and Roman antiquities, with sarcophagi, statues and trompe-l'œil columns on
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#17328767843174154-467: Was established by the London County Council in 1896 in Southampton Row to provide specialist art teaching for workers in the craft industries. The architect William Lethaby (1857–1931) was the first Principal , as recorded by a blue plaque on Southampton Row. Sir John Barbirolli , the conductor and cellist, was born in Southampton Row on 2 December 1899. A commemorative blue plaque was placed on
4221-652: Was in January 1823, and was named Mudie's journal, the Political Economist and Universal Philanthropist . The first studio of the sculptor Robert William Sievier (1794–1865) was in Southampton Row until 1837, where he relocated to Henrietta Street, near Cavendish Square , and he also had a separate residence in Upper Holloway . The Central School of Art and Design , formerly the Central School of Arts and Crafts ,
4288-693: Was in honour of King Edward VII , who opened the street. It was unique in containing below it a tunnel for a tramway , which started just north of Southampton Row, passed beneath Aldwych and continued to the Thames Embankment; this Kingsway tramway subway joined the North and South London tram systems. In 1958 the disused tunnel was reopened at the southern end to make a new connection, the Strand Underpass, for light traffic between Waterloo Bridge and Kingsway in order to reduce congestion. Also beneath Kingsway
4355-490: Was named after Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton . It was previously known as King Street In 1822, the Chartist Henry Hetherington registered a printing press at 13 Kingsgate Street (a smaller street parallel to King street, but demolished during the 1903-05 Kingsway development). This was an eight-roomed house, including shop and printing premises—at an annual rent of £55. His first published book
4422-703: Was purpose-built as part of a major redevelopment of the area in the 1900s. Its route cleared away the maze of small streets in Holborn such as Little Queen Street and the surrounding slum dwellings. However, Holy Trinity Church in Little Queen Street was spared, whereas the Sardinian Embassy Chapel , an important Roman Catholic church attached to the Embassy of the Kingdom of Sardinia , was demolished to make way for
4489-463: Was submitted to parliament and approved as the London Underground (Safety Measures) Act 1991 giving London Underground powers to improve and expand the frequently congested station with a new ticket hall and new subways. The expansion works were not carried out and the arrangement of the station remains much the same as it was in the 1930s. According to Transport for London (TfL), the station
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