Wise Child is a 1967 play by English playwright Simon Gray .
50-817: The play concerns orphaned Jerry Artminster, who blackmails a criminal named Jock Masters by promising he will not reveal his identity if Jock agrees to impersonate the boy's mother in the Reading, Berkshire , ( England ) hotel where the boy lives. Others involved are Mr. Booker, the gay hotel manager who fancies the boy, and Janice, a black woman who works in the hotel. The play was first staged on 10 October 1967 at Wyndham's Theatre in London , directed by John Dexter , with Alec Guinness as Jock. Harold Hobson wrote in The Sunday Times , "in Mr Gray..the theatre has discovered
100-573: A fantasy novel titled The Story of the Vivian Girls , along with several hundred drawings and watercolor illustrations for the story and two further works of literature. The visual subject matter of his work ranges from idyllic scenes in Edwardian interiors and tranquil flowered landscapes populated by children and fantastic creatures, to scenes of horrific terror and carnage depicting young children being tortured and massacred. Much of his artwork
150-404: A "smart-aleck" as a result, which often led to his being punished by teachers and ganged up on by classmates. He also felt compelled to make unusual noises. The Lincoln asylum's practices included forced child labor and severe punishments, which Darger would later seemingly incorporate into his writing. Darger later said that, to be fair, there were also "good times" at the asylum, he enjoyed some of
200-461: A daughter, who was given up for adoption; Darger never knew his sister. One of his biographers, the art historian and psychologist John M. MacGregor, discovered that Rosa had two children before Henry, but did not discover their whereabouts. By Darger's own account, his father was kind and reassuring to him. Darger Sr. was a tailor with disabilities, and his poor health made caring for his son difficult. They lived together until 1900, when his father
250-588: A huge amount of coverage in the Daily News and other papers at the time. This newspaper photo was part of a growing personal archive of clippings Darger had been gathering. There is no indication that the murder or the news photo and article had any particular significance for Darger, until one day he could not find it. Writing in his journal at the time, he began to process this forfeiture of yet another child, lamenting that "the huge disaster and calamity" of his loss "will never be atoned for", but "shall be avenged to
300-403: A photographer who had lost the rights to photographs by Vivian Maier after her distant heirs were uncovered, read a law article questioning Kiyoko Lerner's legal right to Darger's artwork. He located Darger's legal heirs by himself and notified them of their legal claim. In June 2022, a probate judge agreed to make one of the distant relatives, Christen Sadowski, "the supervised administrators of
350-502: A reflection of Darger's own childhood issues with sexual identity and homosexuality . Darger's second novel, Crazy House , deals with these subjects more explicitly. However this may simply reflect Darger's lack of knowledge of anatomy as girls are always depicted either with no genitalia at all, or with penises. In a paraphrase of the Declaration of Independence , Darger wrote of children's right "to play, to be happy, and to dream,
400-549: A virtuoso performance by Donald Pleasence...Bud Cort, as a fey boy in search of a relationship, is also excellent. His washed-out youth and inarticulate passions were brilliantly expressed in a performance of almost flamboyant spontaneity." Donald Pleasence was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in Play. This article on a play from the 1960s is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Orphan An orphan
450-765: A writer of quality and consequence." After 12 previews, the Broadway production at the Helen Hayes Theatre opened on 27 January 1972. It closed after four performances following critical thrashings by Clive Barnes and Walter Kerr in The New York Times and Richard Watts Jr. in the New York Post . The New York City production was directed by James Hammerstein and starred Donald Pleasence as Jock. Clive Barnes wrote in The New York Times , "The play means to shock. It ends up by boring...and this despite
500-476: Is mixed media with collage elements. Darger's artwork has become one of the most celebrated examples of outsider art . Darger was born on April 12, 1892, in Chicago , Illinois , to Henry Darger Sr., a German immigrant from Meldorf , and Rosa Fullman. Cook County records show he was born at home, located at 350 W. 24th Street. When he was four years old, his mother died of puerperal fever after giving birth to
550-457: Is a child whose parents have died, are unknown or have permanently abandoned them. It can also refer to a child who has lost only one parent, as the Hebrew translation, for example, is "fatherless". In common usage, only a child who has lost both parents due to death is called an orphan. When referring to animals, only the mother's condition is usually relevant (i.e., if the female parent has gone,
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#1733085134661600-521: Is a fundamental and God-pleasing matter. The religious leaders Moses and Muhammad were orphaned as children. Several scriptural citations describe how orphans should be treated: Bible Qu'ran Henry Darger Henry Joseph Darger Jr. ( / ˈ d ɑːr ɡ ər / DAR -ghər ; April 12, 1892 – April 13, 1973) was an American writer, novelist and artist who worked as a hospital custodian in Chicago , Illinois . He has become famous for his posthumously recovered 15,145-page manuscript for
650-678: Is inscribed "Artist" and "Protector of Children". In the Realms of the Unreal is a 15,145-page work bound in fifteen immense, densely typed volumes (with three of them consisting of several hundred illustrations, scroll-like watercolor paintings on paper derived from magazines and coloring books) created over six decades. Darger illustrated his stories using a technique of traced images cut from magazines and catalogues, arranged in large panoramic landscapes and painted in watercolors, some as large as 30 feet wide and painted on both sides. He wrote himself into
700-731: Is the Artists Rights Society . Darger is today one of the most famous figures in the history of outsider art . At the Outsider Art Fair , held every January in New York City , and at auction , his work is among the highest-priced of any self-taught artist. The American Folk Art Museum in New York opened a Henry Darger Study Center in 2001. His work now commands upwards of $ 750,000. Darger left no will and no immediate surviving relatives when he died in 1973. In 2021, Ron Slattery,
750-517: The Coppertone Girl and Little Annie Rooney . He is praised for his natural gift for composition and the brilliant use of color in his watercolors. The images of daring escapes, mighty battles, and painful torture are reminiscent not only of contemporaneous epic films such as The Birth of a Nation (which Darger might easily have seen) but of events in Catholic history; the text makes it clear that
800-597: The Lincoln Park section of the city, near the DePaul University campus. It was in this room for the next 43 years that Darger would imagine and write his massive tomes (in addition to a 10-year daily weather journal and assorted diaries) and collect and display artwork until his death at St. Augustine's Home for the Aged (the same institution at which his father had died) on April 13, 1973, one day after his 81st birthday. In
850-1208: The Museum of Modern Art and the American Folk Art Museum in New York, Intuit: The Center for Intuitive and Outsider Art, the Art Institute of Chicago , the Chicago Museum of Contemporary Art , the New Orleans Museum of Art , the Milwaukee Art Museum , the Collection de l'art brut , the Walker Art Center , the Irish Museum of Modern Art , the Smithsonian American Art Museum , High Museum of Art , Musée National d'Art Moderne , Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris , Lille Métropole Museum of Modern, Contemporary and Outsider Art in Villeneuve d'Ascq , and
900-456: The Museum of Old and New Art , in Tasmania; Australia. Darger's art also has been featured in many notable museum exhibitions, including "The Unreality of Being" exhibit curated by Stephen Prokopoff. It was also seen in "Disasters of War" (P.S. 1, New York, 2000), where it was presented alongside prints from the famous Francisco Goya series The Disasters of War and works derived from these by
950-1010: The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS), and other groups label any child who has lost one parent as an orphan. In this approach, a maternal orphan is a child whose mother has died, a paternal orphan is a child whose father has died, and a double orphan is a child/teen/infant who has lost both parents. This contrasts with the older use of half-orphan to describe children who had lost only one parent. Orphans are relatively rare in developed countries because most children can expect both of their parents to survive their childhood. Much higher numbers of orphans exist in war-torn nations such as Afghanistan . Famous orphans include world leaders such as Aaron Burr , Andrew Jackson , and Pedro II of Brazil ; writers such as Edgar Allan Poe and Leo Tolstoy ; and athletes such as Aaron Hernandez . The American orphan Henry Darger portrayed
1000-833: The British contemporary-art duo Jake and Dinos Chapman . Darger's work has also been shown at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art , the Philadelphia Museum of Art , the Setagaya Art Museum , and the Collection de l'art brut , La Maison Rouge , Museum Kunstpalast , Musée d'Art Moderne de Lille-Métropole , and the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts . In 2008, the exhibition at the American Folk Art Museum , titled "Dargerism: Contemporary Artists and Henry Darger", examined
1050-747: The Glandelinians. Children take up arms in their own defense and are often slain in battle or viciously tortured by the Glandelinian overlords. The elaborate mythology includes the setting of a large planet, around which Earth orbits as a moon (where most people are Christian and mostly Catholic), and a species called the "Blengigomeneans" (or Blengins for short), gigantic winged beings with curved horns who occasionally take human or part-human form, even disguising themselves as children. They are usually benevolent, but some Blengins are extremely suspicious of all humans, due to Glandelinian atrocities. Once released from
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#17330851346611100-529: The Henry Darger Room Collection in 2008 as part of its permanent collection. Darger has become internationally recognized thanks to the efforts of the people who salvaged his work. After Nathan Lerner's death in 1997, Kiyoko Lerner became the sole figure in charge of both her husband's and Darger's estates. The U.S. copyright representative for the Estate of Henry Darger and the Estate of Nathan Lerner
1150-549: The Lincoln State School (later changed to the Lincoln Developmental Center before its closure in 2002), with the diagnosis, according to Stephen Prokopoff , that "little Henry's heart is not in the right place". According to John MacGregor, the diagnosis was actually "self-abuse", a euphemism for masturbation. Darger himself felt that much of his problem was being able to see through adult lies and becoming
1200-514: The Lincoln asylum, Darger repeatedly attempted to adopt a child, but his efforts failed. Images of children often served as his inspiration, particularly a portrait from the Chicago Daily News from May 9, 1911: a five-year-old murder victim, named Elsie Paroubek . The girl had left home on April 8 of that year telling her mother she was going to visit her aunt around the corner from her home. She
1250-907: The Netherlands 300,000 in Poland and 200,000 in Yugoslavia, plus many more in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, China and elsewhere. Orphaned characters are prevalent as literary protagonists, especially in children's and fantasy literature . The lack of parents leaves the characters to pursue more exciting and adventurous lives, by freeing them from familial obligations and controls, and depriving them of more prosaic lives. It creates characters that are self-contained and introspective and who strive for affection. Orphans can metaphorically search for self-understanding by attempting to know their roots. Parents can also be allies and sources of aid for children, and removing
1300-1275: The Obscure , Victor Hugo 's Les Misérables , Edgar Rice Burroughs 's Tarzan of the Apes , Rudyard Kipling 's The Jungle Book , and J. R. R. Tolkien 's The Lord of the Rings . More recent authors featuring orphan characters include A. J. Cronin , Lemony Snicket , A. F. Coniglio , Roald Dahl and J. K. Rowling . One recurring storyline has been the relationship that the orphan can have with an adult from outside their immediate family, as seen in Lyle Kessler's play Orphans . Orphans are especially common as characters in comic books. Many popular heroes are orphans, including Superman , Batman , Spider-Man , Robin , The Flash , Captain Marvel , Captain America , and Green Arrow . Orphans are also very common among villains: Bane, Catwoman , and Magneto are examples. Lex Luthor , Deadpool , and Carnage can also be included on this list, though they killed one or both of their parents. Supporting characters befriended by
1350-400: The Vivian Girls and Christianity are triumphant and another in which they are defeated and the godless Glandelinians reign. Darger's human figures were rendered largely by tracing, collage , or photo enlargement from popular magazines and children's books (much of the "trash" he collected was old magazines and newspapers, which he clipped for source material). Some of his favorite figures were
1400-412: The action unfolding during the same years as that of the earlier book. Begun in 1939, it is a tale of a house that is possessed by demons and haunted by ghosts, or has an evil consciousness of its own. Children disappear into the house and are later found brutally murdered. The Vivians and Penrod are sent to investigate and discover that the murders are the work of evil ghosts. The girls go about exorcising
1450-442: The book only spends 206 pages detailing Darger's early life before veering off into 4,672 pages of fiction about a powerful tornado called "Sweetie Pie", probably inspired by memories of a tornado he had witnessed in 1908. Darger's landlords, Nathan and Kiyoko Lerner, discovered his work shortly before his death. Nathan Lerner , an accomplished photographer whose long career, The New York Times wrote, "was inextricably bound up in
1500-504: The child victims are heroic martyrs like the early saints. Art critic Michael Moon explains Darger's images of tortured children in terms of popular Catholic culture and iconography. These included martyr pageants and Catholic comic books with detailed, often gory tales of innocent female victims. One idiosyncratic feature of Darger's artwork is that his girl subjects are shown to have penises when unclothed or partially clothed. Darger biographer Jim Elledge speculates that this represents
1550-420: The estate," making him "authorized to take possession of and collect the assets of the Estate, including its copyright and personal property interests." The estate immediately sued Kiyoko Lerner for control of the artworks. In March 2023, Lerner's motion to dismiss was denied on multiple grounds, and as of April 2023 the lawsuit is currently proceeding. Darger's works are included in the permanent collections of
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1600-473: The first child slave rebellion. "The assassination of the child labor rebel Annie Aronburg... was the most shocking child murder ever caused by the Glandelinian Government" and was the cause of the war. Through their sufferings, valiant deeds and exemplary holiness, the Vivian Girls are hoped to be able to help bring about a triumph of Christianity. Darger provided two endings to the story, one in which
1650-421: The help of his godmother, Darger found menial employment in a Catholic hospital and in this fashion continued to support himself until his retirement in 1963. Except for a brief stint in the U.S. Army during World War I , his life took on a pattern that seems to have varied little. A devout Catholic , he attended Mass daily, frequently returning for as many as five services. He collected found objects from
1700-631: The heroes are also often orphans, including the Newsboy Legion and Rick Jones . Other famous fictional orphans include Little Orphan Annie , Anakin Skywalker , Luke Skywalker and his sister, Leia Organa , and several main characters in children's shows like Diff'rent Strokes and Punky Brewster . Many religious texts, including the Bible and the Quran , contain the idea that helping and defending orphans
1750-722: The history of visual culture in Chicago," immediately recognized the artistic merit of Darger's work. By this time Darger was in St. Augustine's, operated by the Little Sisters of the Poor , where his father had died. The Lerners took charge of the Darger estate, publicizing his work and contributing to projects such as the 2004 documentary In the Realms of the Unreal . In cooperation with Kiyoko Lerner, Intuit: The Center for Intuitive and Outsider Art dedicated
1800-671: The horrible conditions of his orphanage in his artwork. Other notable orphans include entertainment greats such as Louis Armstrong , Marilyn Monroe , Babe Ruth , Ray Charles and Frances McDormand . Wars , epidemics (such as AIDS), pandemics , and poverty have led to many children becoming orphans. The Second World War (1939–1945), with its massive numbers of deaths and vast population movements, left large numbers of orphans in many countries—with estimates for Europe ranging from 1,000,000 to 13,000,000. Judt (2006) estimates there were 9,000 orphaned children in Czechoslovakia, 60,000 in
1850-485: The influence of Darger's œuvre on 11 artists, including Trenton Doyle Hancock , Robyn O'Neil and Amy Cutler , who were responding not only to the aesthetic nature of Darger's mythic work – with its tales of good versus evil, its epic scope and complexity, and its transgressive undertone – but also to his driven work ethic and all-consuming devotion to artmaking. Also in 2008, Intuit: The Center for Intuitive and Outsider Art , in Chicago, opened its permanent exhibit of
1900-583: The last entry in his diary, Darger wrote: "January 1, 1971. I had a very poor nothing like Christmas. Never had a good Christmas all my life, nor a good new year, and now... I am very bitter but fortunately not revengeful, though I feel should be how I am..." Darger is buried at All Saints Cemetery in Des Plaines, Illinois , in a plot called "The Old People of the Little Sisters of the Poor Plot". His headstone
1950-452: The mid-1930s, but he and Darger stayed in touch through letters until Schloeder's death in 1959. Darger's biographer Jim Elledge states it is heavily implied by Darger in his own writing that he and Schloeder had a romantic relationship while Schloeder lived in Chicago; Darger referred to Schloeder as his "special friend" on many occasions. In 1930, Darger settled into a second-floor room on Chicago's North Side at 851 West Webster Avenue in
2000-669: The narrative as the children's protector. The largest part of the book, The Story of the Vivian Girls, in What is Known as the Realms of the Unreal, of the Glandeco-Angelinian War Storm Caused by the Child Slave Rebellion , follows the adventures of the daughters of Robert Vivian, seven princesses of the Christian nation of Abbieannia who assist a daring rebellion against the child slavery imposed by John Manley and
2050-455: The offspring is an orphan, regardless of the father's condition). Various groups use different definitions to identify orphans. One legal definition used in the United States is a minor bereft through "death or disappearance of, abandonment or desertion by, or separation or loss from, both parents". In everyday use, an orphan does not have any surviving parent to care for them. However,
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2100-820: The parents makes the character's difficulties more severe. Parents, furthermore, can be irrelevant to the theme a writer is trying to develop, and orphaning the character frees the writer from depicting such an irrelevant relationship; if one parent-child relationship is important, removing the other parent prevents complicating the necessary relationship. All these characteristics make orphans attractive characters for authors. Orphans are common in fairy tales, such as most variants of Cinderella . Several well-known authors have written books featuring orphans. Examples from classic literature include Charlotte Brontë 's Jane Eyre , Charles Dickens 's Oliver Twist , Mark Twain 's Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn , L. M. Montgomery 's Anne of Green Gables , Thomas Hardy 's Jude
2150-470: The place, but have to resort to arranging for a full-scale Holy Mass to be held in each room before the house is clean. They do this repeatedly, but it never works. The narrative ends mid-scene, with Darger having just been rescued from the Crazy House. In 1968, Darger became interested in tracing some of his frustrations back to his childhood and began writing The History of My Life . Spanning eight volumes,
2200-476: The right to normal sleep of the night's season, the right to an education, that we may have an equality of opportunity for developing all that are in us of mind and heart." A second work of fiction, provisionally titled Crazy House: Further Adventures in Chicago , contains over 10,000 handwritten pages. Written after The Realms , it takes that epic's major characters—the seven Vivian sisters and their companion/secret brother, Penrod—and places them in Chicago, with
2250-519: The streets – including shoes, eyeglasses, and balls of string – to exhibit alongside artwork in his home-studio. His dress was shabby, although he attempted to keep his clothes clean and mended, and he was largely solitary. His close friend of 48 years, William Schloeder, was of like mind on the subject of protecting abused and neglected children, and the pair proposed founding a "Children's Protective Society" that would put such children up for adoption to loving families. Schloeder left Chicago sometime in
2300-444: The uttermost limit". According to his autobiography, Darger believed the photo was among several items that were stolen when his locker at work was broken into. He never found his copy of the photograph again. Because he could not remember the exact date of its publication, he could not locate it in the newspaper archive. He carried out an elaborate series of novenas and other prayers for the picture to be returned. The fictive war that
2350-429: The work, and he had friends as well as enemies. In 1908, Darger received word that his father had died in St. Augustine's Home for the Aged; Darger never had a chance to visit him since his departure eight years prior. He attempted to escape in 1908 by freight train , but was thwarted by police after reaching Chicago and forced back into the asylum. He escaped once more in 1909 and succeeded, now free in Chicago. With
2400-401: Was last seen listening to an organ grinder with her cousins. Her body was found a month later in a sanitary district channel near the screen guards of the powerhouse at Lockport . An autopsy found she had probably been suffocated—not strangled, as is often stated in articles about Darger. Paroubek's disappearance and murder, her funeral, and the subsequent investigation, were the subjects of
2450-401: Was sparked by Darger's loss of the newspaper photograph of Paroubek, whose killer was never found, became Darger's magnum opus . He had been working on some version of the novel before this time (he makes reference to an early draft which was also lost or stolen), but now it became an all-consuming creation. In The Realms of the Unreal , Paroubek is imagined as Annie Aronburg, the leader of
2500-562: Was taken to St. Augustine's Home for the Aged . Because of his apparent intellect, the young Darger had been enrolled in public school at the third grade level; after his father's hospitalization, Darger was moved to the Mission of Our Lady of Mercy , a Roman Catholic orphanage. After bad behavior, he was relocated to the Illinois Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children in Lincoln, Illinois , also called
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