35-418: Winter Rose may refer to: Winter rose, alternative name for the plant hellebore Winter Rose (novel) , a 1996 fantasy novel by Patricia A. McKillip The Winter Rose , a novel by Jennifer Donnelly A Winter Rose , a 2014 film directed by Riz Story Winter Rose (band) , a Canadian hard rock band Winter Rose (album) , 1989 A Winter Rose,
70-566: A Pre-Greek word. It is not related to the word " hell ", despite botanical associations with poison, madness, etc. In Anglo-Saxon England , the Anglo-Latin word elleborus had varied meanings. Around 900 AD, it was linked with " tunsingwyrt " (various spellings; likely an allium such as wild garlic ) in the Old English Herbarium . Ælfric of Eynsham seemed to assert that elleborus had no vernacular Old English translation; by
105-515: A carol composed by Alan Rees Winter (Winter Rose / Duet) , a 2011 single released by South Korean duo Tohoshinki " Winter Rose/Love Awake ", a song by Paul McCartney from Back to the Egg "Winter Rose", a song by Fairground Attraction, the B-side to " A Smile in a Whisper " "Winter Rose", a song by The Bees from the 2010 album Every Step's a Yes "Winter Rose", a song composed by Karliene, from
140-492: A darker colour, are much sought-after, as are those with dark nectaries which contrast with the outer sepals. Recent breeding programmes have also created double-flowered and anemone-centred plants. Ironically, doing this is actually reversing the evolutionary process in which hellebores' true petals had been modified into nectaries ; it is usually these nectaries which become the extra petals in double, semi-double and anemone-centred flowers. Double-flowered hellebores provide
175-464: A honeydew that can lead to the growth of sooty mold on the leaves and flowers of the hellebore. This species of aphid only affects hellebores and is most active in March and April when the hellebores are flowering and when few aphid predators are around, though they may infest during any time of the year. Aphids start their feeding from the outside the flowers, beginning at the leaves and then moving towards
210-517: A very interesting variation to the standard hellebore. They are generally easy to maintain and share the same planting conditions as the standard hellebore. Semi-double flowers have one or two extra rows of petals; doubles have more. Their inner petals are generally very like the outer ones in colour and patterning. They are often of a similar length and shape, though they may be slightly shorter and narrower, and some are attractively waved or ruffled. By contrast, anemone-centred flowers have, cupped within
245-968: Is also possibly from Greek, ἄλκη “fawn”, βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat”). Twenty-two species are recognised and divided into six sections. The table below shows the species of the genus Helleborus , give its common name, the area of distribution, an image if available and the meaning of the scientific name. The cladogram shows the relationship between the different species determined with microbiological methods by Meiners et al. (2011). H. foetidus H. niger H. argutifolius H. lividus H. vesicarius H. thibetanus H. dumetorum H. purpurascens H. croaticus H. multifidus H. abruzzicus H. hercegovinus H. liguricus H. atrorubens H. viridis H. cyclophyllus H. torquatus H. orientalis H. odorus These four species have leaves on their flowering stems (in H. vesicarius
280-762: Is becoming popular, as are more recent selections with golden-yellow foliage. Anglo-Latin Anglo-Latin literature is literature from originally written in Latin and produced in England or other English-speaking parts of Britain and Ireland . It was written in Medieval Latin , which differs from the earlier Classical Latin and Late Latin . Chroniclers such as Bede (672/3–735), with his Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum , and Gildas (c. 500–570), with his De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae , were figures in
315-456: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Hellebore See text Commonly known as hellebores ( / ˈ h ɛ l ə b ɔːr z / ), the Eurasian genus Helleborus consists of approximately 20 species of herbaceous or evergreen perennial flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae , within which it gave its name to
350-413: Is not recommended to spray flowering hellebores as it may harm the non-aphid pollinating insects. Botrytis cinerea or grey mold is a fungal disease that infects most ornamental plants. The fungus causes a decay of plant tissues and grows fuzzy gray-brown mold over the decaying areas, such as the buds, leaves, and flowers. Parts of the plant may shrivel and die after exposure to the mold, particularly
385-461: Is to reduce the humidity around the plant by improving the ventilation and ensuring the plants are not overcrowded. Coniothyrium hellebori is a fungus that causes the most common fungal disease for helleborus species known as Hellebore black spot or leaf spot . The disease is most common not only in botanical and ornamental gardens but also in hellebore nurseries as well. Visible symptoms include blackish-brown spots that often appear as rings on
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#1732897957760420-504: The Hellebore leaf miner , Phytomyza hellebori is a small fly that infests only the H. foetidus plants in the Hellebore genus. The leaf miner fly digs tunnels into the leaves of the H. foetidus. The tunnels create brownish-black blotches on the plant. These later turn into a nesting ground where the flies lay their eggs. With time, the leaves turn a brownish-white along where
455-568: The Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit : Various species of this genus originated in Europe and Asia . The greatest concentration of species occurs in the Balkans . One atypical species ( H. thibetanus ) comes from western China ; another atypical species ( H. vesicarius ) inhabits a small area on the border between Turkey and Syria . More commonly known as
490-541: The tribe of Helleboreae . Many hellebore species are poisonous. Despite common names such as winter rose , Christmas rose , and Lenten rose , hellebores are not closely related to the rose family ( Rosaceae ). The common name "hellebore" is first attested in 1300s; it originates, via Old French and Latin , ultimately from Ancient Greek : ἑλλέβορος , romanized : helléboros . Although traditionally translated as "plant eaten by fawns ", this could be folk etymology and, according to Beekes , really
525-605: The UK is H. orientalis , but all hellebores are susceptible to the disease. The most effective method of treatment against black death is to dig up and destroy all infected plants immediately. Many viruses are not transmitted through seeds, so it is possible to raise new disease resistant plants this way. Pseudomonas viridiflava is a bacterium that has been claimed to cause disease in hellebores in New Zealand , among other plants. The bacterial disease manifested on hellebore plants in
560-480: The album "The Ballad of Anne Boleyn" Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Winter Rose . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winter_Rose&oldid=788621917 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
595-520: The colour-range of the flowers, which now extends from slate grey, near-black, deep purple and plum, through rich red and pinks to yellow, white and green. The outer surface of the sepals is often green-tinged, and as the flower ages it usually becomes greener inside and out; individual flowers often remain on the plant for a month or more. The inner surface of each sepal may be marked with veins, or dotted or blotched with pink, red or purple. " Picotee " flowers, whose pale-coloured sepals have narrow margins of
630-472: The development of indigenous Latin literature , mostly ecclesiastical, in the centuries following the withdrawal of the Roman Empire around the year 410. The Vita Sancti Cuthberti ( c. 699 –705) is the first piece of Northumbrian Latin writing and the earliest piece of English Latin hagiography. The Historia Brittonum composed in the 9th century is traditionally ascribed to Nennius . It
665-463: The early 11th century, " wodewistle " was used to gloss the word, possibly referring to hemlock or similar. These shifts reflect the developing understanding of Latin plant names in Old English texts. The flowers have five petal-like sepals surrounding a ring of small, cup-like nectaries which are actually petals modified to hold nectar . The sepals do not fall as petals would, but remain on
700-555: The five normal outer petals, a ring of much shorter, more curved extra petals (sometimes trumpet-shaped, intermediate in appearance between petals and nectaries), which may be a different colour from the outer petals. These short, extra petals (sometimes known as "petaloids") drop off after the flower has been pollinated , leaving an apparently single flower, whereas doubles and semi-doubles tend to retain their extra petals after pollination. Gardeners and nurserymen have also created hybrids between less closely related species. The earliest
735-438: The flower petals of the hellebore. As the hellebore beings to open, the aphids try to move into the flower. The aphids then feed on the inner parts of the plant as well as the young stems and shoots. As the population grows, the aphids eventually eat the remaining parts of the plant, such as older leaves, for food. Aphid infestations can be controlled through persistent squashing of the aphids manually or by using insecticides. It
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#1732897957760770-782: The flower petals. The symptoms were different from other leaf-spotting hellebore diseases, such as those caused by the fungus Coniothyrium and the bacteria Xanthomonas The case in New Zealand is the only reported case of P. viridiflava infecting hellebores so far, but in other plants P. viridiflava has been reported to also induce symptoms such as leaf rot, leaf blotch, stem necrosis and blossom blight. Hellebores are widely grown in United States Department of Agriculture hardiness zones 5a to 8b gardens for decorative purposes. They are particularly valued by gardeners for their winter and early spring flowering period;
805-407: The flowers. Typically the fungus infects plants only through an open wound or when the plant is under stress, but it has also been known to infect plants in humid conditions. If the humidity is low, the mold may be contained to discrete spots on the plant, but the mold has been known to spread rapidly in highly humid conditions. Grey mold is not seasonally dependent and can infect a plant at any time of
840-555: The following spring. Helleborus net necrosis virus (HeNNV), also known as Hellebore black death, is an RNA virus that can cause serious disease in Hellebore plants by stunting or deforming the plant as it grows. The disease marks the leaves of the hellebores with black streaks, often following the veins of the leaf, and creating ring patterns. It can also mark the sepals and flowers with black spots or streaks but does not always do so. When symptoms are severe, new leaves have limited growth before dying off. The most seriously affected in
875-554: The form of black leaf spots, necrosis petal, and stem lesions. The most popular ornamental and commercial crop grown in New Zealand is H. orientalis and its hybrids, of which 90 percent of the H. orientalis in the Tauranga nursery contracted the disease after several days of moderate rainfall. The disease caused discoloration in the form of black leaf spots that were circular and about 1.5–2 mm in diameter, black stem lesions, and dry, grey to brown lesions with distinct margins on
910-443: The leaf blade or at the margins of the leaf. The spots continue to grow larger as the disease progresses, retaining an elliptical or circular shape and turning a dark brown or black color. The spots grow until they infect the whole leaf. Petioles and flowers can also be infected, but the disease is primarily seen in the leaves. The symptoms become visible in the spring and worsen with time. The small black fruiting bodies which carry
945-626: The noted British nursery owners Helen Ballard and Eric Smith. In recent years, Ashwood Nurseries (of Kingswinford in the English Midlands ), already well known for its Ashwood Garden Hybrids ( H. × hybridus singles, semi-doubles, doubles and anemone-centres), has created hybrids between H. niger and H. thibetanus (called H. 'Pink Ice'), and between H. niger and H. vesicarius (called H. 'Briar Rose'). The gardenworthiness of these hybrids has still to be proven. The following hellebore species and cultivars have gained
980-520: The plant, sometimes for many months. The persistence of the sepals may contribute to the development of the seeds . The genus was established by Carl Linnaeus in volume one of his Species Plantarum in 1753. The scientific name Helleborus could derive from the Ancient Greek word ἑλλέβορος ( helléboros ), the common name for H. orientalis , constructed from ἑλεῖν ( heleîn , "to injure") and βορά ( borá ), "food.". It
1015-422: The plant. Insecticides may harm non-leaf miner flies if applied during the hellebore's flowering period. Macrosiphum hellebori , commonly known as 'Hellebore aphid' or 'greenfly', is a sap-feeding aphid that infests the flowers and foliage of hellebore plants. The whitish-green aphids are about 2–4 millimetres ( 3 ⁄ 32 – 5 ⁄ 32 inch) long and form dense colonies on hellebores, coating them with
1050-660: The plants are surprisingly frost -resistant and many are evergreen . Also of value is their shade tolerance. Many species of hellebore have green or greenish-purple flowers and are of limited garden value, although Corsican hellebore ( H. argutifolius ), a robust plant with pale green, cup-shaped flowers and attractive leathery foliage , is widely grown. So is the 'stinking hellebore' or setterwort ( H. foetidus ), which has drooping clusters of small, pale green, bell-shaped flowers, often edged with maroon, which contrasts with its dark evergreen foliage. H. foetidus 'Wester Flisk', with red-flushed flowers and flower stalks,
1085-419: The spores, pycnidia , are formed in the dead cells of the leaf spots. The spores are mainly spread by water, wind, and wind-blown rain. The fungus has an ideal habitat to spread and grow at the final growth site for hellebore plants, and if left untreated, the spores remain for many years. The most effective method against C. hellebori is to remove and destroy the infected leaves immediately to avoid reinfection
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1120-515: The stems die back each year; it also has basal leaves). These species have basal leaves. They have no true leaves on their flower stalks (although there are leafy bracts where the flower stalks branch). Other species names (now considered invalid) may be encountered in older literature, including H. hyemalis , H. polychromus , H. ranunculinus , H. trifolius . Hybridising (deliberate and accidental) between H. orientalis and several other closely related species and subspecies has vastly improved
1155-480: The tunnels were dug. The larvae start to eat the inside of the leaves in August, and damage develops from the late summer to the early spring, with heavy attacks leaving the foliage disfigured by spring. To control heavy infestations, the leaves can be removed and destroyed during the winter months before the adult flies emerge. Insecticides can be used with limited effectiveness in controlling larvae and fly populations in
1190-401: The year. The fungus forms black seed-like structures in the dead plant tissue to create its spores to help it survive when new host plants are scarce. The spores are spread through the air to new plants. To treat the infected plant, the first step is to remove infected and dying leaves, buds, and flowers immediately along with any other dead plant materials around the hellebore. The next step
1225-541: Was probably H. × nigercors , a cross between H. niger and H. argutifolius (formerly H. lividus subsp. corsicus or H. corsicus , hence the name) first made in 1931. H. × sternii , a cross between H. argutifolius and H. lividus , first exhibited in 1947, is named after the celebrated British plantsman Sir Frederick Stern . H. × ballardiae ( H. niger crossed with H. lividus ) and H. × ericsmithii ( H. niger crossed with H. × sternii ) similarly commemorate
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