105-622: Clarkston ( Scots : Clairkstoun , Scottish Gaelic : Baile Chlarc ) is a suburban town in East Renfrewshire , in the Central Lowlands of Scotland . A dormitory town with a population of around 10,000, Clarkston is on the southern fringe of the Greater Glasgow conurbation and directly adjoins the neighbouring suburban villages of Busby and Netherlee , as well as the towns of Newton Mearns and Giffnock . On 21 October 1971,
210-558: A gas explosion at a parade of shops in Clarkston killed 22 people and injured more than 100. In a 2007 Reader's Digest poll, East Renfrewshire was voted the second best place in Britain to raise a family, ranking just behind East Dunbartonshire to the north of Glasgow. In January 2008, East Renfrewshire became the first Scottish local authority to create a Facebook page to publicise its services. East Renfrewshire covers an area to
315-546: A toll point was set up where it crossed what was then the main route from Glasgow to Kilmarnock and Ayr . A man named John Clark built a house at the toll, and the name 'Clarkston' came to be used for the locality. The Maxwell family (owners of the Williamwood Estate, on which Clarkston was situated) advertised the creation of a new village there in 1801, but initially, it grew slowly. Clarkston at this time had no industry of its own, and villagers were mainly employed in
420-905: A 1996 trial before the Census, by the General Register Office for Scotland (GRO), suggested that there were around 1.5 million speakers of Scots, with 30% of Scots responding "Yes" to the question "Can you speak the Scots language?", but only 17% responding "Aye" to the question "Can you speak Scots?". It was also found that older, working-class people were more likely to answer in the affirmative. The University of Aberdeen Scots Leid Quorum performed its own research in 1995, cautiously suggesting that there were 2.7 million speakers, though with clarification as to why these figures required context. The GRO questions, as freely acknowledged by those who set them, were not as detailed and systematic as those of
525-625: A Scots language listing. The Ferret, a UK -based fact-checking service, wrote an exploratory article in December 2022 to address misconceptions about the Scots language to improve public awareness of its endangered status. In Scotland, Scots is spoken in the Scottish Lowlands , the Northern Isles , Caithness , Arran and Campbeltown . In Ulster , the northern province in Ireland , its area
630-462: A collection of children's nursery rhymes and poems in Scots. The book contains a five-page glossary of contemporary Scots words and their pronunciations. Alexander Gray 's translations into Scots constitute the greater part of his work, and are the main basis for his reputation. In 1983, William Laughton Lorimer 's translation of the New Testament from the original Greek was published. Scots
735-433: A continuum ranging from traditional broad Scots to Scottish Standard English . Many speakers are diglossic and may be able to code-switch along the continuum depending on the situation. Where on this continuum English-influenced Scots becomes Scots-influenced English is difficult to determine. Because standard English now generally has the role of a Dachsprache ('roofing language'), disputes often arise as to whether
840-456: A more phonological manner rather than following the pan-dialect conventions of modern literary Scots, especially for the northern and insular dialects of Scots. East Renfrewshire East Renfrewshire ( Scots : Aest Renfrewshire ; Scottish Gaelic : Siorrachd Rinn Friù an Ear ) is one of 32 council areas of Scotland . It was formed in 1996, as a successor to the Eastwood district of
945-674: A name for the Lowland vernacular. The Gaelic of Scotland is now usually called Scottish Gaelic . Northumbrian Old English had been established in what is now southeastern Scotland as far as the River Forth by the seventh century, as the region was part of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria . By the tenth century, Middle Irish was the language of the Scottish court , and the common use of Old English remained largely confined to this area until
1050-543: A new golf course was built on Cleuch Farm in Clarkston in 1924, and this time the club kept its name, Cathcart Castle Golf Club. The Cleuch Farmhouse still exists as the Clubhouse for the golf club to this day. The equally large Williamwood Golf Club next to Stamperland was founded in 1906. The land the golf course was built on was previously part of Drumby Farm. The Drumby name survives today as Drumby Drive and Drumby Crescent, with
1155-413: A number of paradigms for distinguishing between languages and dialects exist, they often render contradictory results. Broad Scots is at one end of a bipolar linguistic continuum , with Scottish Standard English at the other. Scots is sometimes regarded as a variety of English, though it has its own distinct dialects; other scholars treat Scots as a distinct Germanic language, in the way that Norwegian
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#17328863797001260-612: A representative sample of Scotland's adult population) claim to speak Scots to varying degrees. The 2011 UK census was the first to ask residents of Scotland about Scots. A campaign called Aye Can was set up to help individuals answer the question. The specific wording used was "Which of these can you do? Tick all that apply" with options for "Understand", "Speak", "Read" and "Write" in three columns: English, Scottish Gaelic and Scots. Of approximately 5.1 million respondents, about 1.2 million (24%) could speak, read and write Scots, 3.2 million (62%) had no skills in Scots and
1365-605: A short distance, before reappearing further north, at Clarkston Toll. The road then continues into Netherlee , before ending in Cathcart in the nearby city of Glasgow . The nearest motorway is the M77 , of which Junction 3 at Darnley and Junction 4 at Greenlaw, Newton Mearns , which are the main motorway junctions for Clarkston. Clarkston lies within the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport Passenger transport executive and
1470-501: A suitable medium of education or culture". Students reverted to Scots outside the classroom, but the reversion was not complete. What occurred, and has been occurring ever since, is a process of language attrition , whereby successive generations have adopted more and more features from Standard English. This process has accelerated rapidly since widespread access to mass media in English and increased population mobility became available after
1575-471: A vulnerable language by UNESCO . In a Scottish census from 2022, over 1.5 million people in Scotland reported being able to speak Scots. Given that there are no universally accepted criteria for distinguishing a language from a dialect , scholars and other interested parties often disagree about the linguistic, historical and social status of Scots, particularly its relationship to English . Although
1680-453: A whole which has 40.3%, 11.1%, 6.6% and 4% respectively. Additionally, in Clarkston 4.5% of students have jobs while 4.2% do not, 15.4% are retired, 4.8% look after their home or family, 3.0% are permanently sick or disabled, and 1.9% are economically inactive for other reasons. Greenbank Garden is a National Trust for Scotland property situated on Flenders Road, consisting of the 18th-century Greenbank House and its walled gardens. The house
1785-468: Is a Category A listed building . Sporting clubs include Clarkston Bowling and Tennis Club . Overlee Playing Fields (locally known as Overlee Park) was started as a King George V Playing Field and is situated off Moray Drive in the Stamperland area of Clarkston. The park is home to four separate sports pitches, a mini basketball court, and a large playground. A nursery was constructed in the southwest of
1890-531: Is a language variety descended from Early Middle English in the West Germanic language family . Most commonly spoken in the Scottish Lowlands , the Northern Isles of Scotland , and northern Ulster in Ireland (where the local dialect is known as Ulster Scots ), it is sometimes called: Lowland Scots , to distinguish it from Scottish Gaelic , the Celtic language that was historically restricted to most of
1995-575: Is also used, though this is more often taken to mean the Lallans literary form . Scots in Ireland is known in official circles as Ulster-Scots ( Ulstèr-Scotch in revivalist Ulster-Scots) or "Ullans", a recent neologism merging Ulster and Lallans. Scots is a contraction of Scottis , the Older Scots and northern version of late Old English : Scottisc (modern English "Scottish"), which replaced
2100-589: Is closely linked to but distinct from Danish . Native speakers sometimes refer to their vernacular as braid Scots (or "broad Scots" in English) or use a dialect name such as the " Doric " or the " Buchan Claik ". The old-fashioned Scotch , an English loan, occurs occasionally, especially in Ulster. The term Lallans , a variant of the Modern Scots word lawlands [ˈlo̜ːlən(d)z, ˈlɑːlənz] ,
2205-615: Is contiguous with Glasgow and forms part of Greater Glasgow , the United Kingdom's fifth-largest conurbation . Clarkston experiences a temperate maritime climate , like much of the British Isles , with relatively cool summers and mild winters. Regular but generally light precipitation occurs throughout the year. Clarkston is a postal district within the post town of Glasgow in the G postcode area . Clarkston consists almost entirely of postcode district G76, which also extends beyond
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#17328863797002310-410: Is delivered free to homes and businesses, which has its emphasis on the eastern half of the local authority, but also covers news across the western half as well as the south of Glasgow . The first election to East Renfrewshire Council was held in 1995, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities until the new system came into force on 1 April 1996. Political control of
2415-583: Is home to many small to medium businesses. The interests of these businesses are looked after by the East Renfrewshire Chamber of Commerce. The local newspapers are the Barrhead News , covering the local authority with emphasis on the western half of the area, which primarily includes the town of Barrhead and the villages of Neilston and Uplawmoor, and the Glasgow South and Eastwood Extra , which
2520-552: Is in Scots, for example. Scott introduced vernacular dialogue to his novels. Other well-known authors like Robert Louis Stevenson , William Alexander, George MacDonald , J. M. Barrie and other members of the Kailyard school like Ian Maclaren also wrote in Scots or used it in dialogue. In the Victorian era popular Scottish newspapers regularly included articles and commentary in the vernacular, often of unprecedented proportions. In
2625-745: Is lykest to our language..." ( For though several have written of (the subject) in English, which is the language most similar to ours... ). However, with the increasing influence and availability of books printed in England, most writing in Scotland came to be done in the English fashion. In his first speech to the English Parliament in March 1603, King James VI and I declared, "Hath not God first united these two Kingdomes both in Language, Religion, and similitude of maners?" . Following James VI's move to London,
2730-483: Is now grouped with Busby and Netherlee as a larger multi-member ward electing three councillors. Clarkston is one of East Renfrewshire's designated community council areas, but following the dissolution of the previous community council in 2015 there were insufficient nominations for it to be re-established at that time. The Scottish Parliament is responsible for devolved matters such as education , health and justice , while reserved matters are dealt with by
2835-404: Is provided by Police Scotland . The Strathclyde Partnership for Transport , a public body in Scotland , has direct operational responsibilities, such as supporting (and in some cases running) local bus services and managing integrated ticketing in Clarkston and other areas from the former Strathclyde region. Transport Scotland manages the local rail network. Scots language Scots
2940-541: Is served by two railway stations, both of which are managed by ScotRail : The closest airport is Glasgow Airport , 8.1 miles (13.0 km) northwest of Clarkston, near Paisley . Clarkston is serviced by a number of bus routes by various operators. The main bus links are the number 4 and 4A, linking nearby Eaglesham or Newton Mearns with Glasgow city centre and Knightswood , and the number 6, which connects East Kilbride with Clydebank . Both services are operated by First Glasgow . Novelist Alistair MacLean lived in
3045-644: Is situated on the southern edge of the town towards Waterfoot, some distance from the old site in the South Williamwood residential area. The Williamwood House, named after the historic estate, is located at the northern edge of the Williamwood Golf Club, in North Williamwood, in Netherlee. The modern Williamwood House was built in the 1930s to replace the then-derelict Williamwood House that was home to
3150-575: Is sometimes used in contemporary fiction, such as the Edinburgh dialect of Scots in Trainspotting by Irvine Welsh (later made into a motion picture of the same name ). But'n'Ben A-Go-Go by Matthew Fitt is a cyberpunk novel written entirely in what Wir Ain Leed ("Our Own Language") calls "General Scots". Like all cyberpunk work, it contains imaginative neologisms . The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
3255-550: Is used to describe the Scots language after 1700. A seminal study of Scots was undertaken by JAH Murray and published as Dialect of the Southern Counties of Scotland . Murray's results were given further publicity by being included in Alexander John Ellis 's book On Early English Pronunciation, Part V alongside results from Orkney and Shetland, as well as the whole of England. Murray and Ellis differed slightly on
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3360-529: Is usually defined through the works of Robert John Gregg to include the counties of Down , Antrim , Londonderry and Donegal (especially in East Donegal and Inishowen ). More recently, the Fintona -born linguist Warren Maguire has argued that some of the criteria that Gregg used as distinctive of Ulster-Scots are common in south-west Tyrone and were found in other sites across Northern Ireland investigated by
3465-470: The English Dialect Dictionary , edited by Joseph Wright . Wright had great difficulty in recruiting volunteers from Scotland, as many refused to cooperate with a venture that regarded Scots as a dialect of English, and he obtained enough help only through the assistance from a Professor Shearer in Scotland. Wright himself rejected the argument that Scots was a separate language, saying that this
3570-567: The Industrial Revolution the Levern valley became a centre for the textiles industry, with several mills being established in Neilston and Barrhead. Giffnock initially grew to house the workers at Giffnock Quarries, which opened in 1835. The honey-coloured stone from Giffnock was used at Glasgow University and Glasgow Central station among many other buildings. Following the development of
3675-501: The Linguistic Survey of Scotland . Dialects of Scots include Insular Scots , Northern Scots , Central Scots , Southern Scots and Ulster Scots . It has been difficult to determine the number of speakers of Scots via census, because many respondents might interpret the question "Do you speak Scots?" in different ways. Campaigners for Scots pressed for this question to be included in the 2001 UK National Census . The results from
3780-732: The Parliament of the United Kingdom . Clarkston forms part of the county constituency of East Renfrewshire , electing one member of parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Kirsten Oswald of the SNP was elected as MP for East Renfrewshire in the 2015 General Election . Before the constituency's creation in 2005, Clarkston lay in the Eastwood Constituency . For
3885-706: The Protestant Church of Scotland adopted the 1611 Authorized King James Version of the Bible; subsequently, the Acts of Union 1707 led to Scotland joining England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain , having a single Parliament of Great Britain based in London. After the Union and the shift of political power to England, the use of Scots was discouraged by many in authority and education, as
3990-772: The Romance languages via ecclesiastical and legal Latin , Norman French , and later Parisian French , due to the Auld Alliance . Additionally, there were Dutch and Middle Low German influences due to trade with and immigration from the Low Countries . Scots also includes loan words in the legal and administrative fields resulting from contact with Middle Irish , and reflected in early medieval legal documents. Contemporary Scottish Gaelic loans are mainly for geographical and cultural features, such as cèilidh , loch , whisky , glen and clan . Cumbric and Pictish ,
4095-579: The Scottish Highlands , the Hebrides , and Galloway after the sixteenth century; or Broad Scots , to distinguish it from Scottish Standard English . Modern Scots is a sister language of Modern English , as the two diverged from the same medieval form of English. Scots is recognised as an indigenous language of Scotland by the Scottish government, a regional or minority language of Europe, and
4200-461: The Second World War . It has recently taken on the nature of wholesale language shift , sometimes also termed language change , convergence or merger . By the end of the twentieth century, Scots was at an advanced stage of language death over much of Lowland Scotland . Residual features of Scots are often regarded as slang. A 2010 Scottish Government study of "public attitudes towards
4305-475: The Strathclyde region. The northeastern part of the council area is close to Glasgow and many of the council area's northern settlements fall into the Greater Glasgow urban area. Clockwise, East Renfrewshire borders Glasgow City council area to the northeast, South Lanarkshire to the southeast, East Ayrshire to the southwest, North Ayrshire to the west and Renfrewshire to the northwest. Until 1975,
Clarkston, East Renfrewshire - Misplaced Pages Continue
4410-579: The University of Aberdeen , and only included reared speakers (people raised speaking Scots), not those who had learned the language. Part of the difference resulted from the central question posed by surveys: "Do you speak Scots?". In the Aberdeen University study, the question was augmented with the further clause "... or a dialect of Scots such as Border etc.", which resulted in greater recognition from respondents. The GRO concluded that there simply
4515-523: The Whitelee Wind Farm . A 2011 survey showed that 41% of Scotland's Jewish population lived in East Renfrewshire, making up 2.4% of the area's population. The area is divided into eleven community council areas , all of which have community councils : Largest localities by population 28,210 17,890 12,250 9,800 5,170 4,530 4,170 3,630 3,470 3,310 East Renfrewshire
4620-570: The historic county of Renfrewshire, which had been abolished for local government purposes in 1975 when Eastwood district and Strathclyde region had been created. East Renfrewshire forms part of the Renfrewshire lieutenancy . The area that is now East Renfrewshire has been inhabited since prehistoric times. At Dunwan Hill near Eaglesham and at Duncarnock near Newton Mearns there were Iron Age hill forts, both thought to have been occupied between around 1200 BC and 400 AD. During
4725-463: The single transferable vote system, introduced by the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004 . Election results since 1995 have been as follows: Six multi-member wards (20 seats) were created for the 2007 election, replacing 20 single-member wards which had been in place since the creation of the council in 1995. This representation decreased to 18 seats across five renamed and redrawn wards for
4830-518: The 1970s, but nothing to the same scale as earlier in the century. The largest development since the 1940s was the development of High Carolside on lands originally owned by the Greenbank Estate, in the 1970s by Mactaggart and Mickel. Funds from this development went to restoring the National Trust 's Greenbank House , where the Greenbank Estate centred upon. The Fairfield estate on Eaglesham Road
4935-542: The Crowns in 1603, the Standard English of England came to have an increasing influence on the spelling of Scots through the increasing influence and availability of books printed in England. After the Acts of Union in 1707 the emerging Scottish form of Standard English replaced Scots for most formal writing in Scotland. The eighteenth-century Scots revival saw the introduction of a new literary language descended from
5040-449: The Kingdom of Great Britain, there is ample evidence that Scots was widely held to be an independent sister language forming a pluricentric diasystem with English. German linguist Heinz Kloss considered Modern Scots a Halbsprache ('half language') in terms of an abstand and ausbau languages framework, although today in Scotland most people's speech is somewhere on
5145-519: The Maxwells. The building is Category B listed, and is being used as a care home. Clarkston contains two golf clubs, and both have a long history. In 1895 the Cathcart Castle Golf Club opened as Merrylea Golf Club, in modern Merrylee. In 1898, the club was forced to leave, and moved to near Cathcart Castle, in the modern day Linn Park , where it remained for around 20 years. However, after WWI
5250-510: The Philosopher's Stane , a Scots translation of the first Harry Potter book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone , was published by Matthew Fitt . The vowel system of Modern Scots: Vowel length is usually conditioned by the Scottish vowel length rule . The orthography of Early Scots had become more or less standardised by the middle to late sixteenth century. After the Union of
5355-480: The Scots language was also featured. It was found that 1,508,540 people reported that they could speak Scots, with 2,444,659 reporting that they could speak, read, write or understand Scots, approximately 45% of Scotland's 2022 population. The Scottish Government set its first Scots Language Policy in 2015, in which it pledged to support its preservation and encourage respect, recognition and use of Scots. The Scottish Parliament website also offers some information on
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#17328863797005460-467: The Scots language" found that 64% of respondents (around 1,000 individuals in a representative sample of Scotland's adult population) "don't really think of Scots as a language", also finding "the most frequent speakers are least likely to agree that it is not a language (58%) and those never speaking Scots most likely to do so (72%)". Before the Treaty of Union 1707 , when Scotland and England joined to form
5565-573: The Scottish Executive recognises and respects Scots (in all its forms) as a distinct language, and does not consider the use of Scots to be an indication of poor competence in English. Evidence for its existence as a separate language lies in the extensive body of Scots literature, its independent – if somewhat fluid – orthographic conventions , and in its former use as the language of the original Parliament of Scotland . Because Scotland retained distinct political, legal, and religious systems after
5670-622: The Standard English cognate . This Written Scots drew not only on the vernacular, but also on the King James Bible , and was heavily influenced by the norms and conventions of Augustan English poetry . Consequently, this written Scots looked very similar to contemporary Standard English, suggesting a somewhat modified version of that, rather than a distinct speech form with a phonological system which had been developing independently for many centuries. This modern literary dialect, "Scots of
5775-497: The Union, many Scots terms passed into Scottish English. During the 2010s, increased interest was expressed in the language. The status of the language was raised in Scottish schools, with Scots being included in the new national school curriculum . Previously in Scotland's schools there had been little education taking place through the medium of Scots, although it may have been covered superficially in English lessons, which could entail reading some Scots literature and observing
5880-467: The activities of those such as Thomas Sheridan , who in 1761 gave a series of lectures on English elocution . Charging a guinea at a time (about £200 in today's money ), they were attended by over 300 men, and he was made a freeman of the City of Edinburgh . Following this, some of the city's intellectuals formed the Select Society for Promoting the Reading and Speaking of the English Language in Scotland. These eighteenth-century activities would lead to
5985-468: The area before moving to Switzerland. Noted residents of the area have included Sir William Kerr Fraser , Principal and Chancellor of Glasgow University; Harry Benson , international photographer, and Judy Murray , tennis educator and promoter. Musicians associated with Clarkston include Synthwave producer Michael Oakley who grew up locally and attended Williamwood High School , former Thin Lizzy and Motörhead guitarist Brian "Robbo" Robertson who
6090-521: The book" or Standard Scots, once again gave Scots an orthography of its own, lacking neither "authority nor author". This literary language used throughout Lowland Scotland and Ulster, embodied by writers such as Allan Ramsay, Robert Fergusson, Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott, Charles Murray , David Herbison , James Orr, James Hogg and William Laidlaw among others, is well described in the 1921 Manual of Modern Scots . Other authors developed dialect writing, preferring to represent their own speech in
6195-435: The border between English and Scots dialects. Scots was studied alongside English and Scots Gaelic in the Linguistic Survey of Scotland at the University of Edinburgh , which began in 1949 and began to publish results in the 1970s. Also beginning in the 1970s, the Atlas Linguarum Europae studied the Scots language used at 15 sites in Scotland, each with its own dialect. From the mid-sixteenth century, written Scots
6300-450: The church. Stamperland Church was founded in 1939 with help from nearby Greenbank, Williamwood and Netherlee churches. It was on the corner of Clarkston Road and Stamperland Gardens, in the de facto centre of the Stamperland area. In July 2018 Netherlee and Stamperland churches linked, sharing a church minister. The two churches officially united on 1 January 2020. It was stated at the time that both churches would remain open, however in 2022
6405-508: The complementary decline of French made Scots the prestige dialect of most of eastern Scotland. By the sixteenth century, Middle Scots had established orthographic and literary norms largely independent of those developing in England. From 1610 to the 1690s during the Plantation of Ulster , some 200,000 Scots-speaking Lowlanders settled as colonists in Ulster in Ireland. In the core areas of Scots settlement, Scots outnumbered English settlers by five or six to one. The name Modern Scots
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#17328863797006510-463: The congregation voted to close Stamperland Church due to financial deficits. The final service was held on the 26th of June 2022, and soon after the building was sold. Williamwood Parish Church was founded in 1937. It was built in the centre of the Williamwood area, in a narrow triangular-shaped plot between Seres Road and Vardar Avenue. It was built out of red brick with a short bell tower. It cost £5910 (£67500 adjusted for inflation). In 1995/96 there
6615-468: The cost of £4055. It was named after the nearby Greenbank Estate, centred on Greenbank House , which is now a national trust site. The neighbouring manse was built in 1895. 21 servicemen at Greenbank died during World War I , and the iconic clock in the church tower was installed in memory of those killed in the war. In the 1950s Greenbank helped fund churches in the newly built Castlemilk housing estates, in Glasgow . The northern halls, which today make up
6720-559: The council area formed part of the county of Renfrewshire for local government purposes along with the modern council areas of Renfrewshire and Inverclyde . These three council areas together still form a single lieutenancy area called Renfrewshire. East Renfrewshire was created in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 , which replaced Scotland's previous local government structure of upper-tier regions and lower-tier districts with unitary council areas providing all local government services. East Renfrewshire covered
6825-444: The council since 1996 has been as follows: The leaders of the council since 1996 have been: The council has its headquarters at Eastwood Park on Rouken Glen Road in Giffnock , in a building which was completed in 1980 for the former Eastwood District Council. The council also has an office and customer service centre at 211 Main Street in Barrhead , built in 2003. Since 2007 elections have been held every five years under
6930-403: The creation of Scottish Standard English . Scots remained the vernacular of many rural communities and the growing number of urban working-class Scots. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the use of Scots as a literary language was revived by several prominent Scotsmen such as Robert Burns . Such writers established a new cross-dialect literary norm. Scots terms were included in
7035-434: The earlier i-mutated version Scyttisc . Before the end of the fifteenth century, English speech in Scotland was known as "English" (written Ynglis or Inglis at the time), whereas "Scottish" ( Scottis ) referred to Gaelic . By the beginning of the fifteenth century, the English language used in Scotland had arguably become a distinct language, albeit one lacking a name which clearly distinguished it from all
7140-694: The early twentieth century, a renaissance in the use of Scots occurred, its most vocal figure being Hugh MacDiarmid whose benchmark poem " A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle " (1926) did much to demonstrate the power of Scots as a modern idiom. Other contemporaries were Douglas Young , John Buchan , Sydney Goodsir Smith , Robert Garioch , Edith Anne Robertson and Robert McLellan . The revival extended to verse and other literature. In 1955, three Ayrshire men – Sandy MacMillan, an English teacher at Ayr Academy ; Thomas Limond, noted town chamberlain of Ayr ; and A. L. "Ross" Taylor, rector of Cumnock Academy – collaborated to write Bairnsangs ("Child Songs"),
7245-401: The fifteenth century, much literature based on the Royal Court in Edinburgh and the University of St Andrews was produced by writers such as Robert Henryson , William Dunbar , Gavin Douglas and David Lyndsay . The Complaynt of Scotland was an early printed work in Scots. The Eneados is a Middle Scots translation of Virgil 's Aeneid , completed by Gavin Douglas in 1513. After
7350-546: The final breaking up of the Williamwood Estate, encouraging further house building. Clarkston expanded rapidly in the 20th century as new suburban housing developments sprang up. The hilly Stamperland area was built in the 1920s, followed by Carolside and Williamwood in the 1930s and 1940s. The Stamperland terraces as well as parts of Carolside and most of Williamwood were built by John Lawrence & Co. Minor infill sites, mainly replacing derelict farmhouses in Carolside and filling in small cliffside gaps in Stamperland were built in
7455-442: The language in Scots. In September 2024, experts of the Council of Europe called on the UK Government to "boost support for regional and minority languages", including the Scots Language. The serious use of the Scots language for news, encyclopaediae, documentaries, etc., remains rare. It is reportedly reserved for niches where it is deemed acceptable, e.g. comedy, Burns Night or traditions' representations. Since 2016,
7560-567: The language used in different situations. Such an approach would be inappropriate for a Census." Thus, although it was acknowledged that the "inclusion of such a Census question would undoubtedly raise the profile of Scots", no question about Scots was, in the end, included in the 2001 Census. The Scottish Government's Pupils in Scotland Census 2008 found that 306 pupils spoke Scots as their main home language. A Scottish Government study in 2010 found that 85% of around 1000 respondents (being
7665-571: The local dialect. Much of the material used was often Standard English disguised as Scots, which caused upset among proponents of Standard English and proponents of Scots alike. One example of the educational establishment's approach to Scots is, "Write a poem in Scots. (It is important not to be worried about spelling in this – write as you hear the sounds in your head.)", whereas guidelines for English require teaching pupils to be "writing fluently and legibly with accurate spelling and punctuation". A course in Scots language and culture delivered through
7770-405: The main shopping building was the scene of the Clarkston explosion , which killed 22 people and injured around 100. A plaque on the site commemorates the event. The building was rebuilt. Greenbank Garden , a National Trust for Scotland property, is located on Flenders Road, on the outskirts of Clarkston. When a new road from Paisley to East Kilbride was built through the area in the 1790s,
7875-411: The majority of the footprint of the church were finished in 1967. The church was refurbished and repainted in the late 1970s. A link corridor to connect the two buildings was finished in 1991. The oldest part of the church is a Category B listed building. St Joseph's Church was originally built in 1880 on Busby Road. The church was redeveloped in 1971. The nearby St Joseph's Primary School was named after
7980-487: The medieval Brittonic languages of Northern England and Scotland, are the suspected source of a small number of Scots words, such as lum (derived from Cumbric) meaning "chimney". From the thirteenth century, the Early Scots language spread further into Scotland via the burghs , which were proto-urban institutions first established by King David I . In fourteenth-century Scotland, the growth in prestige of Early Scots and
8085-591: The medium of Standard English and produced by the Open University (OU) in Scotland, the Open University's School of Languages and Applied Linguistics as well as Education Scotland became available online for the first time in December 2019. In the 2011 Scottish census , a question on Scots language ability was featured In the 2022 census conducted by the Scottish Government , a question in relation to
8190-515: The mills at nearby Netherlee . In the early 20th century the area began to expand more rapidly, initially in the Sheddens (also called Overlee) area, following the opening of Clarkston railway station by Busby Railways in the village in 1866 which caused the destruction of the older Clarkston village buildings, and later the expansion of the Glasgow tram network to Clarkston in 1921. The 1920s also saw
8295-756: The neighbouring town of Giffnock , where it is connected to the A727 , which travels from Darnley to East Kilbride , passing through the town centre of Clarkston. This road used to be known as the A726 , but was changed to its modern number in the 2000s after a new road was built south of neighbouring Waterfoot and Newton Mearns . This road was built, partly because the A726 was notoriously narrow and busy in this area, and partly to alleviate traffic in nearby Eaglesham . The B767 also travels through Clarkston, from Eaglesham and Waterfoot to Sheddens Roundabout. The road number disappears for
8400-420: The newspaper The National has regularly published articles in the language. The 2010s also saw an increasing number of English books translated in Scots and becoming widely available, particularly those in popular children's fiction series such as The Gruffalo , Harry Potter , Diary of a Wimpy Kid , and several by Roald Dahl and David Walliams . In 2021, the music streaming service Spotify created
8505-401: The old court Scots, but with an orthography that had abandoned some of the more distinctive old Scots spellings and adopted many standard English spellings. Despite the updated spelling, however, the rhymes make it clear that a Scots pronunciation was intended. These writings also introduced what came to be known as the apologetic apostrophe , generally occurring where a consonant exists in
8610-453: The other English variants and dialects spoken in Britain. From 1495, the term Scottis was increasingly used to refer to the Lowland vernacular and Erse , meaning "Irish", was used as a name for Gaelic. For example, towards the end of the fifteenth century, William Dunbar was using Erse to refer to Gaelic and, in the early sixteenth century, Gavin Douglas was using Scottis as
8715-459: The park, being completed in 2021. The Overlee Pavilion that was neighbouring the site was demolished. The town includes other parks, including Library Hill Park and Tinkers Park. There are also two golf courses - Williamwood Golf Club and Cathcart Castle Golf Club. The area has a number of road links to neighbouring Glasgow. The A77 main Glasgow to Kilmarnock road passes through Eastwood Toll in
8820-497: The past (e.g. Corby or the former mining areas of Kent ). In the 2022 census conducted by the Scottish Government , it was found that 1,508,540 people reported that they could speak Scots, with 2,444,659 reporting that they could speak, read, write or understand Scots, approximately 45% of Scotland's 2022 population. Among the earliest Scots literature is John Barbour's Brus (fourteenth century), Wyntoun 's Cronykil and Blind Harry 's The Wallace (fifteenth century). From
8925-434: The petrol station being the site of the original farm. Clarkston is in East Renfrewshire , one of the 32 council areas of Scotland for local government purposes. East Renfrewshire Council, the unitary local council , is based in neighbouring Giffnock and is the body responsible for local governance. For local electoral purposes, Clarkston was formerly a ward electing a single councillor to East Renfrewshire Council, but
9030-666: The purposes of the Scottish Parliament , Clarkston forms part of the Eastwood constituency, which is represented by Jackson Carlaw MSP , of the Conservative party. At 55°47′9″N 4°16′32″W / 55.78583°N 4.27556°W / 55.78583; -4.27556 (55.785°, −4.276°) Clarkston is situated in Scotland's Central Lowlands . The community lies 4.7 miles (7.6 km) east of Barrhead , 3.9 miles (6.3 km) northwest of East Kilbride and 5.57 miles (9.0 km) south of Glasgow. The territory of Clarkston
9135-520: The railways in the mid-nineteenth century, the parts of the area close to Glasgow became increasingly suburban in character. In 1941, Rudolf Hess , one of Adolf Hitler's top deputies within the Nazi Party, parachuted into Floors Farm, near the village of Waterfoot , on a secret mission to meet the Duke of Hamilton and Brandon for peace negotiations. The botched landing led to his capture and arrest. In 1971
9240-413: The remainder had some degree of skill, such as understanding Scots (0.27 million, 5.2%) or being able to speak it but not read or write it (0.18 million, 3.5%). There were also small numbers of Scots speakers recorded in England and Wales on the 2011 Census, with the largest numbers being either in bordering areas (e.g. Carlisle ) or in areas that had recruited large numbers of Scottish workers in
9345-515: The seventeenth century, anglicisation increased. At the time, many of the oral ballads from the borders and the North East were written down. Writers of the period were Robert Sempill , Robert Sempill the younger , Francis Sempill , Lady Wardlaw and Lady Grizel Baillie . In the eighteenth century, writers such as Allan Ramsay , Robert Burns , James Orr , Robert Fergusson and Walter Scott continued to use Scots – Burns's " Auld Lang Syne "
9450-450: The south and south-west of Glasgow . Many of the district's settlements are classed as part of the Greater Glasgow urban area for statistical purposes. The largest of these, in terms of population, are Newton Mearns , Barrhead , Giffnock and Clarkston . The area becomes more rural away from the Glasgow urban area with areas of moorland and numerous small lochs , many of which have been turned into reservoirs. The moors include part of
9555-525: The thirteenth century. The succeeding variety of Northern Early Middle English spoken in southeastern Scotland is also known as Early Scots . It began to further diverge from the Middle English of Northumbria due to twelfth- and thirteenth-century immigration of Scandinavian-influenced Middle English–speakers from the North and Midlands of England . Later influences on the development of Scots came from
9660-529: The town boundary to include neighbouring settlements Busby , Carmunnock , Eaglesham , Waterfoot , Millhall , and small parts of East Kilbride . According to the United Kingdom Census 2001 , the census locality (town and sub-area) of Clarkston had a total resident population of 19,944, or 21% of the total of East Renfrewshire. The median age of males and females living in Clarkston was 38 and 41 respectively, compared to 37 and 39 years for those in
9765-807: The twentieth-century biographer of James Boswell (1740–1795), described James's view of the use of Scots by his father Alexander Boswell (1706–1782) in the eighteenth century while serving as a judge of the Supreme Courts of Scotland : He scorned modern literature, spoke broad Scots from the bench, and even in writing took no pains to avoid the Scotticisms which most of his colleagues were coming to regard as vulgar. However, others did scorn Scots, such as Scottish Enlightenment intellectuals David Hume and Adam Smith , who went to great lengths to get rid of every Scotticism from their writings. Following such examples, many well-off Scots took to learning English through
9870-585: The varieties of Scots are dialects of Scottish English or constitute a separate language in their own right. The UK government now accepts Scots as a regional language and has recognised it as such under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages . Notwithstanding the UK government's and the Scottish Executive's obligations under part II of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages,
9975-689: The whole of Scotland. Fifty-nine per cent were married, 3.7% were cohabiting couples, 7.0% were lone-parent families and 23.2% of households were made up of individuals. The place of birth of the town's residents was 97.1% United Kingdom (including 91.8% from Scotland), 0.5% Republic of Ireland , 0.5% from other European Union countries and 1.9% from elsewhere in the world. Compared with the average demographics of Scotland , Clarkston has higher proportions of people born in Scotland and young children (0–15 years old). Of residents 16–74, 44.0% were in full-time employment, 13.1% in part-time employment, 7.2% self-employed and 1.9% unemployed compared with Scotland as
10080-523: The whole of the abolished Eastwood district and part of Renfrew district , being the Barrhead electoral division , which roughly corresponded to the pre-1975 burgh of Barrhead and parish of Neilston , both lying in the valley of the Levern Water . The new council also took over the functions of the abolished Strathclyde Regional Council within the area. The area's name references its location within
10185-477: Was a "quite modern mistake". During the first half of the twentieth century, knowledge of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century literary norms waned, and as of 2006 , there is no institutionalised standard literary form. By the 1940s, the Scottish Education Department 's language policy was that Scots had no value: "it is not the language of 'educated' people anywhere, and could not be described as
10290-442: Was born and grew up locally, and Stuart Murdoch of Belle and Sebastian , who also grew up in the area. Clarkston has six churches. They are Greenbank Parish Church, St Joseph's RC Church, Stamperland Parish Church, Williamwood Parish Church, St Aidan's Episcopal Church, and Clarkston Baptist Church. Greenbank Parish Church originally opened in 1884 on Eaglesham Road, at the far south of the modern town centre, having been built at
10395-419: Was built in the 1970s. Waste and Water supplies are provided by Scottish Water , a public authority of the Scottish Government . Clarkston's distribution network operator for electricity is Scottish Power . The NHS board is NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde . The Scottish Fire and Rescue Service is the statutory fire and rescue service and has a fire station based in Clarkston. Policing in Clarkston
10500-652: Was increasingly influenced by the developing Standard English of Southern England due to developments in royal and political interactions with England. When William Flower , an English herald , spoke with Mary of Guise and her councillors in 1560, they first used the "Scottyshe toung" . As he found this hard to understand, they switched into her native French. King James VI , who in 1603 became James I of England , observed in his work Some Reulis and Cautelis to Be Observit and Eschewit in Scottis Poesie that "For albeit sindrie hes written of it in English, quhilk
10605-574: Was modernisation work carried out, creating disabled access, additional toilets and the Iona Chapel. St Aidan's Episcopal Church was originally started in 1923. It held congregations at the Clarkston Bowling Club until a church building was opened in 1925. The building is near the start of the Mearns Road, in the town centre. Clarkston Baptist Church is located on Arthur Street at Sheddens. It
10710-415: Was not enough linguistic self-awareness amongst the Scottish populace, with people still thinking of themselves as speaking badly pronounced, grammatically inferior English rather than Scots, for an accurate census to be taken. The GRO research concluded that "[a] more precise estimate of genuine Scots language ability would require a more in-depth interview survey and may involve asking various questions about
10815-473: Was the final development in the 20th century, being built in the 1990s. In the 21st century, flats at Aidan's Brae off Mearns Road and houses at Newford Grove were built. Flats have also been built on the old Netherlee and Clarkston Synagogue in Stamperland, as well as on some neighbouring tennis courts. Townhouses were also built at Seres Drive on the old site of Williamwood High School . The replacement school
10920-432: Was the notion of "Scottishness" itself. Many leading Scots of the period, such as David Hume , defined themselves as Northern British rather than Scottish. They attempted to rid themselves of their Scots in a bid to establish standard English as the official language of the newly formed union. Nevertheless, Scots was still spoken across a wide range of domains until the end of the eighteenth century. Frederick Pottle ,
11025-491: Was translated into Scots by Rab Wilson and published in 2004. Alexander Hutchison has translated the poetry of Catullus into Scots, and in the 1980s, Liz Lochhead produced a Scots translation of Tartuffe by Molière . J. K. Annand translated poetry and fiction from German and Medieval Latin into Scots. The strip cartoons Oor Wullie and The Broons in the Sunday Post use some Scots. In 2018, Harry Potter and
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