Order of the Golden Heart of the Republic of Kenya is the highest award in Kenya , and is split into three classes: Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart (C.G.H.), Elder of the Order of the Golden Heart (E.G.H.) and Moran of the Order of the Golden Heart (M.G.H.)
94-490: William Kipchirchir Samoei Arap Ruto CGH (born 21 January 1967) is a Kenyan politician who is the fifth and current president of Kenya since 13 September 2022. Prior to becoming president, he served as the first elected deputy president of Kenya from 2013 to 2022. He previously served in three cabinet portfolios as the Minister for Home Affairs , the Minister of Agriculture and as Minister for Higher Education . Ruto
188-597: A BSc . He went on to complete an MSc in Plant Ecology, also from the University of Nairobi . The year after his graduation, he enrolled for a Ph.D. at the same university, and after several setbacks, he completed and graduated on 21 December 2018. Ruto authored several papers, including one titled Plant Species Diversity and Composition of Two Wetlands in the Nairobi National Park, Kenya . During his time in
282-628: A bachelor's and master's degree is being introduced by the Bologna process . Under the new Bologna reform, universities in Europe are introducing the Bachelor level (BA or BS) degree, often by dividing a five-year Master-level program into two parts (three-year Bachelor's + two-year Master's), where students are not obligated to continue with the second Master's-degree part. These new bachelor's degrees are similar in structure to British bachelor's degrees. If there
376-1311: A bachelor's degree 's diploma , which usually takes four or, in the case of Law , Veterinary , Geology and Engineering , five years to complete; or a professional diploma, which normally require five or, in the case of medicine , six years to complete. In the United States , undergraduate education refers to a student who is studying for a bachelor's degree. The most common bachelor's degrees are Bachelor of Arts ( BA /AB) and Bachelor of Science ( BS /SB), but other degrees such as Bachelor of Fine Arts ( BFA ), Bachelor of Business Administration ( BBA ), Bachelor of Music ( BM ), Bachelor of Social Work ( BSW ), Bachelor of Engineering/Bachelor of Science in Engineering ( BEng /BSE), Bachelor of Science in Nursing ( BSN ), Bachelor of Business Administration/Bachelor of Science in Business Administration ( BBA /BSBA), Bachelor of Education ( Ed.B ), Bachelor of Liberal Arts ( BLA /ALB), and Bachelor of Architecture ( BArch ) are also possible. Most commonly these degrees require four years of full-time study after high school . An additional accolade to
470-596: A land grabbing saga involving his mysterious acquisition of Weston Hotel land, pitted against public counteraccusations with several state corporations in Kenya, all surrounding the original owner of the land. According to The Standard , the Kenya Civil Aviation Authority (KCAA), a state agency, was duped into surrendering the land on which the Weston Hotel was built. In 2001, KCAA , which originally occupied
564-482: A university of applied sciences . These two institutions differ from each other in the level students learn abstract concepts. Education at universities is aimed at research and fundamental principles while at universities of applied sciences it concentrates on applying knowledge in a vocation. Universities of applied sciences typically do not offer master and PhD programs. Students in Scotland usually enter university in
658-595: A Prime Minister post, joined KANU to oppose the proposed constitution. Since the symbol of the "No" vote was an Orange, this new grouping named their movement the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM). Ruto was part of its top brass, dubbed the Pentagon. He solidified his voter base in the Rift Valley Province . ODM was victorious in the referendum. In January 2006, Ruto declared publicly that he would vie for
752-618: A certain level of income, and with the state paying all fees for students from the poorest backgrounds. UK students are generally entitled to student loans for maintenance with repayment contingent on income. Unlike in other European countries, the British government does not own the universities' assets and university staff are not civil servants. United Kingdom universities are therefore better described as autonomous, intellectually-independent institutions with public funding, rather than public universities per se. The crown does not control syllabi, with
846-557: A college must meet before it is allowed to call itself a university. Institutions seeking to grow have pursued various steps to turn two-year junior colleges into community colleges, community colleges into four-year colleges, awarding baccalaureate degrees, sometimes while still a community college, and colleges into universities, with graduate (post-baccalaureate) programs. In Bangladesh , three-year undergraduate programs are known as Degree (Pass) courses and four-year undergraduate programs are known as Honours courses. In Hong Kong ,
940-571: A competitive entrance exam known as Vestibular (a concept somewhat similar to the Baccalauréat in France). A later system introduced in 2009, adopted by most federal universities, uses the high school national examination ( ENEM ) result as part or a replacement of the Vestibular grade. Depending on the chosen course, upon graduating the student is granted: a technologist diploma, three years to complete,
1034-539: A dispute over loan defaults with a state corporation, AFC, against the land that was pledged as a security for the loan. It is alleged that Murumbi defaulted the loan and AFC took over ownership of the land that was eventually sold to Ruto after he paid off the loan owed to the state corporation. Ruto has been widely and repeatedly linked to the assassination of Jacob Juma by several media, activists, politicians, opposition figures in Kenya , including Jacob Juma himself. Jacob Juma
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#17330851818301128-653: A fast pace by adding nearly 20,000 colleges and more than 8 million students in a decade from 2000–01 to 2010–11. As of 2020, India has over 1000 universities, with a break up of 54 central universities , 416 state universities , 125 deemed universities , 361 private universities , 7 Institute under State Legislature Act , and 159 Institutes of National Importance which include IIMs, AIIMS, IITs, IIITs, IISERs and NITs among others. Other institutions include 52,627 colleges as government degree colleges , private colleges, standalone institutes and post-graduate research institutions, functioning under these universities as reported by
1222-625: A fifth stage covering college and university programs leading to baccalaureate, professional, master's and doctorate degrees. The pre-primary or preparatory classes, called kachi (literally, unripe) or Nursery school , were formally integrated into the education system in 1988. Students in England , Wales , and Northern Ireland may usually enter university from the age of eighteen, often having studied A-levels and thus having had thirteen to fifteen years of schooling. Occasionally students who finish A Level or equivalent qualifications early (after skipping
1316-417: A profession. In some states considerable attention has been given to make sure that community college courses in fact prepare the students for the continuation courses they will encounter at the local college; this process of bringing courses into sequence is called articulation . Some community colleges have automatic enrollment agreements with a local college or university, where the community college provides
1410-434: A short period of time in a relevant industry before students complete their studies. Taking a sandwich course may make the course last a year longer than it would otherwise. With very few exceptions , nearly all universities with the power to award degrees are heavily state financed. However, they also rely on tuition fees set by the government at a maximum index-linked level, repayable after graduation contingent on attaining
1504-475: A stage-managed road accident. The arrested personnel from Ruto's office was later sent for mental check-up after he further claimed that he was coached to lie about his claims of Jacob Juma's murder by Mwangi. In February 2017, it was reported that Mwangi claimed Ruto wanted him dead like he killed Jacob Juma. In December 2010, the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court announced that he
1598-412: A student passes the course but fails to do so sufficiently well for third class honours to be awarded he will be awarded with an ordinary degree. It is possible to use the abbreviation "Hons" after the degree postnominals to indicate that the degree has been passed with honours and is not an ordinary degree. Many universities offer sandwich courses or an extramural year, which offer work placements for
1692-559: A two-year community college before further study at a four-year college or university. In most states, community colleges are operated either by a division of the state university or by local special districts subject to guidance from a state agency. Community colleges award associate degrees of different types, some intended to prepare students to transfer to four-year institutions (e.g. Associate of Arts (AA), Associate of Science (AS)), and others intended to provide vocational skills and training for students wishing to enter into or advance in
1786-566: A year in school on the grounds of academic giftedness) may enter below this age but large universities are now setting minimum age limits of 16 or 17 after a number of well publicised "child prodigies" were found to be emotionally and mentally unprepared for university life. Applications for undergraduate courses in UK higher education are made through the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS). For their first degree, most students read for
1880-817: Is postsecondary education up to and including the level of a master's degree ; this is the case for some science courses in Britain and some medicine courses in Europe. In Nigeria , undergraduate degrees (excluding Medicine, Medical Laboratory Science, Nursing, Engineering, Law and Architecture) are four-year-based courses. Medicine (MBBS) and Architecture normally take six years to complete studies while Medical Laboratory Science, Nursing, Law and Engineering courses take five years to complete studies, usually, all six years are taken to improve their chances. Undergraduate nursing degrees or diplomas usually take two to four years and sometimes 5 years to complete, whereas graduate degrees are an additional two years or more. In South Africa ,
1974-413: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to orders , decorations , and medals is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Undergraduate education Undergraduate education is education conducted after secondary education and before postgraduate education , usually in a college or university. It typically includes all postsecondary programs up to
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#17330851818302068-538: Is a separate undergraduate degree, higher degrees (License, Master, Doctorat) can be gained after completing the undergraduate degree. In the traditional German system, there were no undergraduate degrees in some fields, such as engineering: students continued to Master's level education without any administrative breakpoints, and employers would not consider half-finished master's degrees. The Bachelor's phase in The Netherlands can be fulfilled either at university or at
2162-662: Is divided into two stages; associate degree 's level first-half two years and bachelor 's level second-half two years. Bachelor's degrees are awarded only by universities and NIAD-QE . In Pakistan , it generally requires four years to complete a Bachelor's degree in Arts, Sciences, Dentistry, Engineering or Business Administration such as BA , BS , BDS , BE/BS/BSc Engineering or BBA and five years for bachelor's degrees in medicine ( MBBS ), Physiotherapy ( DPT ), Pharmacy ( Pharm.D ) and Architecture ( B.Arch. ) after successfully completing 12 years of schooling. 4 years bachelor's degree
2256-557: Is not usually admitted to the degree of bachelor. Master's degrees conferred after extended programs are not to be conflated with the degree of Master of Arts conferred at Oxbridge and Dublin , which is not a substantive qualification, but reflects the ancient practice of those three universities of promoting Bachelors of Arts to Masters of Arts (and thus full membership of the university) six or seven years after matriculation. Honours degrees and integrated master's degrees are awarded with 1st, upper 2nd, lower 2nd or 3rd class honours . If
2350-453: Is offered in various universities of Pakistan such as COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (UET Lahore), University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila (UET Taxila), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) and National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (NU). The modern educational system comprises
2444-537: Is similar in length, and is also considered an academic degree. Though it is designed as a specialist degree, in contrast to the Diplom degree at university , which claims to be more generalist. Germany itself, however, is currently abolishing the legal distinction between Fachhochschule and university. They are both translated as university and they both provide bologna-compliant and equivalent postgraduate degrees. Not obligatory and sometimes applied at universities in
2538-462: Is the same as in the rest of UK. In many other, particularly continental European systems, an "undergraduate" degree in the American sense does not exist. Because students are expected to have received a sound general education at the secondary level, in a school such as a gymnasium or lycee , students in Europe enroll in a specific course of studies they wish to pursue upon entry into a university. In
2632-561: The Eldoret North's Member of Parliament from 2008 to 4 March 2013. Ruto was among the list of people who were indicted to stand trial at the ICC for their involvement in Kenya's 2007/2008 political violence. However, the ICC case was faced with challenges, especially concerning the withdrawal of key prosecution witnesses. In April 2016, the Court dropped the charges against Ruto. On 21 April 2010, Ruto
2726-996: The Somali Civil War , he said that "Kenyan troops will come back home as soon as we're done with the assignment that we have in Somalia." In November 2022 Ruto's government launched the Hustler Fund , a loan program to grant immediate loans to Kenyan citizens. In 2023 Ruto proposed a large-scale privatisation of public enterprises, noting that it is not economically viable to keep pumping government resources into sustaining those corporations. On 25 June 2024 at least five people were killed when public order broke down over tax protests. Ruto proposed several tax rises because more than half of its annual tax revenues are spent to service debt. The increased taxes are proposed "on everything from car ownership and financial transactions to sanitary pads." On 11 July Ruto sacked most of his cabinet save for
2820-574: The United Nations General Assembly ( UNGA ) in New York. He nodded to President Biden's " Build Back Better " domestic plan, proposing a global effort toward "building back better from the bottom upward." The goal, he said, should be " including the marginalized, working majority in the economic mainstream ." Other themes he addressed were the expansion of the representation of Africa on the U.N. Security Council , increased investment in
2914-616: The United Republican Party , becoming the running mate of Uhuru Kenyatta from The National Alliance (TNA). He was re-elected to the deputy presidency under the Jubilee Party in the 2017 Kenyan general election . Ruto successfully ran for the presidency in the 2022 election , this time under the United Democratic Alliance (UDA). Amidst a fall-out, Kenyatta supported his opponent Raila Odinga . The election
William Ruto - Misplaced Pages Continue
3008-636: The University of Delaware also award associate degrees. In the United States, "college" and "university" are terms used differently in different states; New York's terminology is especially confusing (see University of the State of New York ). A university is usually larger than a college, and has programs at the graduate level, but the distinction is not clear-cut. Some colleges (like Smith College ) award graduate degrees, for example, and some colleges are larger than some universities. Some states have requirements
3102-534: The 1992 elections, President Moi disbanded YK'92 and Ruto unsuccessfully vied for various branch-level positions in KANU , which was at that time Kenya's ruling party. Ruto ran for a parliamentary seat in the 1997 general election . He surprisingly beat the incumbent, Reuben Chesire , Moi's preferred candidate, as well as the Uasin Gishu KANU branch chairman and assistant minister. He later gained favour with Moi and
3196-714: The African continent, " moving Africa from aid to investment ", tapping " the ever-bustling " human capital for economic prosperity and a concerted effort towards tackling climate change in the world. In September 2022, he said that the Horn of Africa was experiencing its worst drought in 40 years, adding that "3.1 million people are facing severe drought" in Kenya alone. Asked about the ongoing Tigray War in northern Ethiopia between government forces and Tigray rebels, Ruto said that "whatever happens in Ethiopia gets to Kenya" . Speaking about
3290-790: The English system is followed. Students sit for the Certificate of Education examinations at around sixteen years of age, and the Advanced-level, or A-level examinations at around eighteen, then follow by three years of undergraduate education, except for a few specific fields, such as medicine, nursing and law. This is due to be changed, with five-year secondary education and two-year matriculation examination combined and shortened to six years matriculation , and undergraduate education lengthened to four years. Students may be able to receive general education in their first years in universities, more akin to
3384-544: The German labor market to up to 250,000 skilled and semi-skilled migrant workers from Kenya. The agreement will also simplify the deportation of Kenyans from Germany. There are concerns about brain drain in Kenya, as professionals such as doctors and nurses could leave for better-paying jobs in Germany. The deal was made at a time when the anti-immigration AfD party is growing in popularity in Germany. Ruto has been involved in
3478-629: The ICC. He served in the role between 6 and 9 October 2014 while President Kenyatta was away at The Hague. When he officially handed over power to Ruto at the Parliament on October 6, Uhuru explained, "To protect the sovereignty of the Republic of Kenya, I will sign a legal notice appointing Hon William Ruto as acting president while I attend the status conference." In the August 2017 General Elections , Uhuru and Ruto were declared victors after garnering 54% of
3572-521: The Jubilee government in tweets, media interviews, court filings, and political correspondence with opposition figures as well as diplomatic missions in Kenya. It later emerged Jacob Juma had promised the board of the Canadian company Pacific Wildcat that he would fight bureaucratic delays as well as the corruption that would stand in the way of getting the mining license. A high court ruling in Kenya found that
3666-507: The MHRD in 2020. Colleges may be Autonomous, i.e. empowered to examine their own degrees, up to PhD level in some cases, or non-autonomous, in which case their examinations are under the supervision of the university to which they are affiliated; in either case, however, degrees are awarded in the name of the university rather than the college. Undergraduate education in Japan requires four years, which
3760-462: The Mining minister was right to cancel the license of the Canadian company. In October 2016, photojournalist Boniface Mwangi also linked Ruto to the assassination. Ruto sued him for defamation. According to Ruto's lawyer, the claims by the activist had lowered Ruto's standing among Kenya's "high thinking" people. In December 2016, one of the personnel from Ruto's office was reported to also link Ruto to
3854-472: The National Lands Commission, Ruto owed and needed to pay the people of Kenya for the land 0.773 acres opposite Wilson Airport upon which the Weston Hotel was built. In February 2019, Ruto publicly admitted the Weston Hotel land had been acquired illegally by the original owners who sold him the land, and that he had no knowledge of the matter. In August 2020, Ruto offered to pay the state agency for
William Ruto - Misplaced Pages Continue
3948-494: The Netherlands are the propaedeutic exams. The entire curriculum of the first two semesters of the bachelor's programme is part of the propaedeutic exams. In most bachelor's studies, students are required to obtain their propaedeutic certificate within three semesters after starting the course. A propaedeutic certificate also counts as a requirement for participating in a university level bachelor's study. The propaedeutic exams have
4042-594: The North American system. The first batch of students under the new system will enter universities in 2012. Alternatives are undergraduate certificates or diplomas, with some equivalent to associate degree in educational level. India 's higher education system is the third largest in the world, next to the United States and China . The main governing body at the tertiary level is the University Grants Commission , which enforces its standards, advises
4136-444: The US, students only specialize in a "major" during the last years of college. Specializing in a field of study upon entry into a university means most students graduate after four to five years of study. The fields available include those only taught as graduate degrees in the US, such as law or medicine. In the traditional system of Germany , there is a vocational degree (diploma FH ) that
4230-594: The Uasin Gishu County; and he sat for his Certificate of Primary Education (CPE) at the latter. He then proceeded to Wareng Secondary School, still in Uasin Gishu County , and later Kapsabet High School in Nandi County , where he obtained his Ordinary Level and Advanced Level education respectively. He then enrolled at the University of Nairobi to pursue Botany and Zoology , graduating in 1990 with
4324-508: The assassination by delivering a letter to Mwangi to help with his defamation case against Ruto by providing details of the murder by persons in Ruto's office. In the same month, it was reported that the personnel was to be charged in court for extortion. An investigating officer claimed that the arrested personnel from Ruto's office claimed that another personnel in Ruto's office called Rono had credible information that Activist Mwangi could be killed in
4418-521: The attacker had been shot dead and the situation was under control. Ruto is married to Rachel Chebet . They first lived in Dagoretti , where they had their first child. They were married in 1991 at the Africa Inland Church . They currently have six children. Ruto is an evangelical Christian and a member of the Africa Inland Church . Ruto owns a chicken farm in his home village of Sugoi, which
4512-527: The attention of both Kenyans and the world was a deliberate burning of live people, mostly Kikuyu women, and children huddled together in a church" in Kiambaa on 1 January 2008. In April 2016, the International Criminal Court abandoned the prosecution of Ruto. On 28 July 2017, Ruto's home was targeted by at least one attacker armed with a machete, and the police officer on duty guarding the residence
4606-464: The bachelor's degree is the Honours degree . Unlike in the British model, degrees in law and medicine are not offered at the undergraduate level and instead are completed at a graduate level, after earning a bachelor's degree. Neither field specifies or prefers any undergraduate major, though medical schools require a set of courses that must be taken before enrollment. Students can also choose to attend
4700-486: The burial of Jacob Juma, a former Lugari MP Cyrus Jirongo and previously a close ally of Ruto claimed Jacob Juma had physically assaulted Ruto by slapping him for having a sour relationship over unspecified reasons. Jirongo urged police to investigate the assassination based on the assault. Later in the month, Ruto threatened to sue Jirongo for linking him to the assassination. Jirongo claimed that he and another former minister, Chris Okemo , were personally involved in paying
4794-565: The campus for his undergraduate education , Ruto was an active member of the Christian Union. He also served as the Chairman of the University of Nairobi's choir. Through his church activities at the University of Nairobi, he met President Daniel arap Moi , who would later introduce him to politics during the 1992 general elections . After graduating from the University of Nairobi in 1990, Ruto
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#17330851818304888-589: The continental European system; free public schools are available from kindergarten up to postgraduation, both as a right established in Article 6, caput of the Brazilian Constitution and as a duty of the State in Article 208, Items I, IV and V, of the Brazilian Constitution. Students choose their specific course of studies before joining the university. Admission to university is obtained by means of
4982-569: The degree of Bachelor of Arts at other universities and does not require the level of study necessitated for the other degrees of master awarded by these universities. The degree instead reflects the ancient traditions of these universities. In the sciences, students usually read for the degree of bachelor, which usually takes four years. However, as with the rest of the UK, integrated master's degrees are popular in science and engineering, although in Scotland they last for five years. Degree classification
5076-412: The degree of bachelor, which usually takes three years; however, in the sciences and engineering, integrated courses covering both undergraduate level and advanced degree level leading to the degree of master , usually taking four years and including a research project or dissertation , are popular. Given the integrated nature of these programs someone who gains a master's degree via an integrated program
5170-501: The deputy president and prime cabinet secretary, and the next day the police chief Japhet Koome resigned after 40 people died over the past month in the Kenya Finance Bill protests . Koome was held responsible for police violence against protesters. It was noted that "[a]bout 60% of Kenya’s collected revenues goes to servicing debt." In September 2024, William Ruto and German Chancellor Olaf Scholz signed an agreement that opened
5264-469: The exception of teacher training. The crown restricts the power to award degrees to those with a royal charter , in the case of traditional universities, or authorization from the Secretary of State for Universities , in the case of modern universities . Universities accredited in foreign countries, such as Richmond University are, however, free to operate. In many countries, the English distinction between
5358-518: The fields of arts, commerce, science etc., and the four-year programs are mostly in the fields of technology, engineering, pharmaceutical sciences, agriculture etc. However, for medicine, law and architecture, the period has been five years. The possessor of the first UG is referred to as graduate and that of the PG degree as post-graduate. Other than UG and PG there are various 1 to 2 year diploma courses available. Indian higher education system has expanded at
5452-453: The first two years of study and the university provides the remaining years of study, sometimes all on one campus. The community colleges award associate degrees, while universities and colleges award the bachelor's. However, some community colleges, such as Brazosport College in Lake Jackson, Texas offer bachelor's degrees along with associate degrees. Conversely, some universities such as
5546-437: The following five stages: The Primary school lasting five years for children 5–10 years old in grades one to five; a Middle school of three years for children 10 to 13 years old, covering grades six through eight; a two-year secondary, or Matriculation consists of grades nine and ten, for children 13 to 15 years old; a two-year higher secondary, or Intermediate college , leading to an F.A. in arts or F.Sc. in science; and
5640-570: The forcible transfer of population, and one for persecution. On 23 January 2012, the ICC confirmed the charges against Ruto and Joshua Sang , in a case that also involved Uhuru Kenyatta, Francis Muthaura , Henry Kosgey and Major General Mohammed Hussein Ali . Ruto told the US government that the Kiambaa church fire on 1 January 2008 after the 2007 general election was accidental. In 2009 the Waki Commission report stated that "the incident which captured
5734-498: The government, and helps coordinate between the centre and the state. Accreditation for higher learning is overseen by 15 autonomous institutions established by the University Grants Commission (UGC). In India, the graduation system is classified into two parts: Undergraduate (UG) and Postgraduate (PG). It takes three or four years to complete an undergraduate degree . The three-year undergraduate programs are mostly in
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#17330851818305828-437: The irregular acquisition of the land. In the same month, Ruto claimed that the articles were persistent, and obviously sponsored fake news . Later that month, a human rights lobby activist, Trusted Society of Human Rights Alliance, called for an investigation into the mysterious acquisition of a 900-acre piece of land that formerly belonged to former vice-president Murumbi. According to the allegations, Murumbi had been involved in
5922-479: The land, was given alternative pieces of land belonging to another state agency, the meteorological department. KCAA did not occupy the alternative piece of land upon which Ruto's Weston Hotel was built. According to KCAA, a powerful cartel , working in the lands ministry was involved in a conspiracy to relinquish the same piece of land with several land ministry officers also involved in the conspiracy. In January 2019, it emerged that according to another state agency,
6016-500: The land. Later in 2020, KCAA was refused to be compensated for the land and so, demanded demolition of the hotel because of acquisition through illegality, fraud and corruption . According to the KCAA, the public land was designated for the construction of headquarters and flight paths, and it had been disposed of the land by collusion with private entities, Priority Ltd and Monene Investments both reported to be associated with Ruto. Later in
6110-439: The level of a bachelor's degree . For example, in the United States, a student pursuing an associate or bachelor's degree is known as an undergraduate student while a student pursuing a master's or doctoral degree is a graduate student . Upon completion of courses and other requirements of an undergraduate program , the student would earn the corresponding degree . In some other educational systems, undergraduate education
6204-528: The loss of security against the advancement of 1.2 billion shillings in Weston hotel associated with Ruto. In 2004, Ruto was charged with defrauding another state corporation, Kenya Pipeline Company (KPC), of huge amounts of money through dubious land deals. He was acquitted in 2011 but in 2020, as his relationship with President Uhuru Kenyatta seemed to falter amid the President's push for an anti-corruption war,
6298-516: The murdered government critic university's tuition fees, and that he knew the matter surrounding the controversy all too well. According to Jirongo, the same assassins were involved in the murder of Meshack Yebei, another murdered prospective defence witness in the ICC trial against Ruto. In June 2016, the Canadian newspaper Financial Post and the Kenyan newspaper The Standard both reported that Jacob Juma
6392-571: The police re-opened investigations in the case. In June 2013, a court ordered Ruto to pay a victim of 2007/08 post-election violence 5 million shillings for illegally taking away his land during the post-election violence. In the same judgement, Ruto was evicted from the grabbed land in Uasin Gishu . Adrian Muteshi had accused Ruto of grabbing and trespassing on his 100-acre piece of land in Uasin Gishu after he, Adrian, had fled his land for safety during
6486-508: The post-election violence of 2007/08. In February 2014, Ruto appealed the court order to pay the 5 million shilling fine. In 2017, Ruto withdrew the appeal against the judgment. In October 2020, Adrian Muteshi died of an unspecified cause at the age of 86. In October 2019, the Daily Nation reported that Ruto's acquisition of a 900-acre piece of land of another former vice president, Joseph Murumbi , haunted Ruto because he had been involved in
6580-447: The presidency during the 2007 election , but lost to Raila Odinga on the ODM party primaries; together with Musalia Mudavadi , who finished second, he then supported the candidature of Odinga. He again ran for the presidency on the 2013 election , but withdrew his candidature in favour of Uhuru Kenyatta . He was later nominated to run for the deputy presidency in the 2013 election under
6674-407: The presidency in the next general election (2007) . His statement was condemned by some of his KANU colleagues, including former president Moi. By this time, ODM had morphed into a political party. Ruto sought the nomination of the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) as its presidential candidate, but on 1 September 2007, he placed third with 368 votes. The winner was Raila Odinga with 2,656 votes and
6768-660: The presidential election results announced by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission, and he challenged the results with the Supreme Court . On 5 September, the Supreme Court judges unanimously found that evidence presented by Odinga's campaign inconclusive and upheld the election of Ruto as the winner of the election. In response to the ruling, Odinga said he respected the Supreme Court's decision even though he strongly disagreed with it. On 13 September 2022 he
6862-469: The purpose of assessing whether a student has the appropriate capacities in order to complete the course. At some Swedish universities (such as the Royal Institute of Technology ), PhD courses are sometimes referred to as "graduate courses", whereas courses for other students (up to master level) sometimes are referred to as "undergraduate courses". The system at many Finnish universities is similar. In
6956-399: The runner-up was Musalia Mudavadi with 391. Ruto expressed his support for Odinga after the vote. As KANU under Uhuru Kenyatta moved to support Kibaki, he resigned from his post as KANU secretary general on 6 October 2007. The presidential election of December 2007 ended in an impasse. Kenya's electoral commission declared Kibaki the winner, but Raila and ODM claimed the victory. Mwai Kibaki
7050-456: The same month, another legislator, Ngunjiri Wambugu, demanded all other cases in Kenya involving stolen property be thrown out as long as suspects were willing to compensate for it, in an effort to complain about the preferential treatment Ruto was receiving for his involvement in the state's stolen property. In December 2020, the KCB Bank backed Ruto in the court battle to repossess the land, fearing
7144-467: The total votes cast. However, the Supreme Court of Kenya nullified the election, and a fresh election was held in October 2017. The opposition boycotted the fresh election and Uhuru and Ruto were re-elected with 98% of the total votes cast. The Supreme Court upheld the results of this second election. In December 2020 Ruto announced his alliance with the newly formed United Democratic Alliance party. He
7238-415: The undergraduate system usually has a three-year undergraduate bachelor's degree, with two or three majors. (There are exceptions, such as the medical qualification (MBChB), which is six years, and Engineering which is four.) A fourth year, known as an Honours year, is considered a post-graduate degree. It is usually course-driven, although may include a project or thesis. Brazil follows the major traits of
7332-513: The use of fossil fuels in Kenya's electricity production by 2030. On 18 September 2022 President Ruto made his first foreign trip as head of state to the United Kingdom , during which he attended the state funeral of the late Queen Elizabeth II on 19 September 2022 at Westminster Abbey in London. Two days later, on 21 September 2022, President Ruto made his debut address as head of state to
7426-471: The year they turn eighteen, with many starting at seventeen; courses take a year longer than in the rest of the UK. At the older universities the degree of Master of Arts is conferred in the arts subjects after four years while the newer universities instead confer the degree of Bachelor of Arts . The degree of Master of Arts conferred by the Ancient Scottish Universities is equivalent to
7520-454: Was a wealthy businessman who became a fierce government critic and anti-corruption crusader who became known for posting targeted cryptic tweets against Ruto and the Jubilee government months before he was assassinated in Nairobi. In December 2015, Jacob Juma, in his tweets, claimed Ruto was obsessed with killing him. In May 2016, Jacob Juma was shot dead along Ngong Road . In the same month, during
7614-459: Was appointed KANU Director of Elections. His strong support in 2002 for Moi's preferred successor, Uhuru Kenyatta , saw him get a place as assistant minister in the Home Affairs (Interior) ministry. Later in that election , when some government ministers resigned to join the opposition, he was promoted to full Cabinet Minister . KANU lost the election but he retained his parliamentary seat. Ruto
7708-547: Was elected Member of Parliament for Eldoret North constituency from 1997 to 2007 under the KANU , and from 2007 to 2013 through the ODM party. He was the Minister for Home Affairs in the Daniel arap Moi administration from August to December 2002. Under the Mwai Kibaki administration, he was the Minister for Agriculture from 2008 to 2010 and Minister for Higher Education from April to October 2010. Ruto first contested for
7802-480: Was elected KANU Secretary General in 2005, with Uhuru Kenyatta elected as chairman. In 2005, Kenya held a referendum on a new constitution , which KANU opposed. Some members of the ruling NARC coalition government, mainly former KANU ministers who had joined the opposition coalition in 2002 under the LDP banner and who were disgruntled as President Kibaki had not honored a pre-election MoU on power-sharing and creation of
7896-618: Was employed as a temporary teacher in the North Rift region of Kenya from 1990 to 1992, where he was also a leader of the local church choir, the Africa Inland Church (AIC). Ruto began his political career when he became the treasurer of the YK'92 campaign group that was lobbying for the re-election of President Moi in 1992, from which he learned the basics of Kenyan politics. He is also believed to have accumulated some wealth in this period. After
7990-449: Was hurriedly sworn in as the president of the December 2007 presidential election . Following the election and the dispute over the result, Kenya was engulfed by a violent political crisis . Kibaki and Odinga agreed to form a power-sharing government. In the grand coalition Cabinet named on 13 April 2008 and sworn in on 17 April, Ruto was appointed as Minister for Agriculture. Ruto also became
8084-552: Was inaugurated at Moi International Sports Centre , Kasarani in a ceremony presided over by Chief Justice Martha Koome , and attended by over 20 heads of state and government. The inauguration day was declared a public holiday. Attendance was very high, with groups of the general public clashing with security officials when trying to enter the stadium; however, the event continued peacefully. Following his inauguration he officially began his term as President of Kenya . After taking office Ruto pledged to address climate change and end
8178-473: Was injured. During the time of the attack, he and his family were not at the compound as he had left hours earlier for a campaign rally in Kitale . There were reports of gunfire and several security sources said the attack was staged by multiple people. Police initially thought there were a few attackers because the attacker used different firearms. Around 48 hours later, Kenya Police chief Joseph Boinnet announced that
8272-616: Was marred by allegations of electoral fraud by allies of Odinga, although international observers have not corroborated such claims. A member of the Kalenjin people of the Rift Valley Province , William Ruto was born on 21 January 1967 in Sambut village, Kamagut , Uasin Gishu County , to Daniel Cheruiyot and Sarah Cheruiyot. Ruto started his education at Kamagut Primary School, then transferred to Kerotet Primary School—both situated within
8366-771: Was originally inspired by his stint as a chicken hawker on the Nairobi-Eldoret-Malaba highway. Ruto and his wife built a chapel in their compound at their residence in the Karen suburb of Nairobi. Order of the Golden Heart (Kenya) Chief of the Order is mostly given to the holders of the office of the President of Kenya . However, several prominent figures have also received the medal despite not being Kenyan sitting presidents. Recipients include: This Kenya related article
8460-492: Was reported he was routinely borrowing money. He became a fierce government critic after he felt short-changed out of the mining license that eventually caused his company to lose money. According to a different company official of the same Canadian company, Ruto and Balala demanded transfer of the mining company's license to a new company with the Kenyan government to receive a 50% stake in the new company for free. This eventually led Jacob Juma to become fiercely critical of Ruto and
8554-413: Was seeking the summons of six people, including Ruto, over their involvement in the 2007–8 electoral violence . The ICC's Pre-Trial Chamber subsequently issued a summons for Ruto at the prosecutor's request. Ruto was accused of planning and organizing crimes against supporters of President Kibaki's Party of National Unity. He was charged with three counts of crimes against humanity , one for murder, one for
8648-568: Was the director of a Canadian company (Pacific Wildcat) whose license to explore $ 2 billion worth of minerals in Kwale county in Kenya was cancelled just after the Jubilee government took over. This cancellation led Jacob Juma to call a press conference where he claimed that the then Mining Minister Najib Balala was demanding a bribe to have the cancelled license re-issued to the company. This cancellation led Jacob Juma into personal financial ruin, and it
8742-586: Was the only presidential candidate to attend the second part of the 2022 presidential debate. On 15 August 2022, six days after the general election held on 9 August , the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission chair Wafula Chebukati announced that Ruto had won the presidential election, defeating candidate Raila Odinga of the Azimio La Umoja party. Ruto received 50.49% of the valid votes cast, while Odinga received 48.85%. Odinga disputed
8836-596: Was transferred from the Agriculture Ministry and posted to the Higher Education Ministry, swapping posts with Sally Kosgei . On 24 August 2011, Ruto was relieved of his ministerial duties but remained a member of parliament. He joined with Uhuru Kenyatta to form the Jubilee alliance for the 2013 presidential election. On 6 October 2014, Ruto was appointed acting president of Kenya by the then President Uhuru Kenyatta following his summons to appear before
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