75-503: Series of invited lectureships at Harvard University The William James Lectures are a series of invited lectureships at Harvard University sponsored by the Departments of Philosophy and Psychology , who alternate in the selection of speakers. The series was created in honor of the American pragmatist philosopher and psychologist William James ,
150-675: A 21-acre (8.5 ha) campus in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area in Boston , about 3.3 miles (5.3 km) south of the Cambridge campus. Several Harvard-affiliated hospitals and research institutes are also in Longwood, including Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston Children's Hospital , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Dana–Farber Cancer Institute , Joslin Diabetes Center , and
225-735: A 358-acre (145 ha) campus in the Allston section of Boston across the John W. Weeks Bridge , which crosses the Charles River and connects the Allston and Cambridge campuses. The university is actively expanding into Allston, where it now owns more land than in Cambridge. Plans include new construction and renovation for the Business School, a hotel and conference center, graduate student housing, Harvard Stadium, and other athletics facilities. In 2021,
300-548: A Free Society , was published by Harvard faculty, which remains one of the most important works in curriculum studies , and women were first admitted to the medical school . Between 1945 and 1960, admissions were standardized to open the university to a more diverse group of students. Following the end of World War II , for example, special exams were developed so veterans could be considered for admission. No longer drawing mostly from prestigious prep schools in New England ,
375-483: A concept of knowable (or assertible) truth. Historically, these debates had been understood as disagreements about whether a certain type of entity objectively exists or not. Thus we may speak of realism or anti-realism with respect to other minds, the past, the future, universals, mathematical entities (such as natural numbers ), moral categories, the material world, or even thought. The novelty of Dummett's approach consisted in seeing these disputes as at base analogous to
450-546: A crucial period of reform in the late 1960s. He also worked on the theory of voting , which led to his introduction of the Quota Borda system . Dummett drew heavily on his work in this area in writing his book On Immigration and Refugees , an account of what justice demands of states in relationship to movement between states . Dummett, in that book, argues that the vast majority of opposition to immigration has been founded on racism, and says that this has especially been so in
525-563: A former faculty member at that institution. It was endowed through a 1929 bequest from Edgar Pierce, a Harvard Alumnus, who also funded the prestigious Edgar Pierce Chair in Philosophy and Psychology. Pierce stipulated that the delivered lectures be open to the public and subsequently published by the Harvard University Press . The program was initiated in 1930 and has continued to the present. Its invited lecturers have included some of
600-521: A great development in the game of Tarot, including a modernized deck with French suit-signs, and without the medieval allegories that interest occultists. This coincided with a growth in Tarot's popularity. "The hundred years between about 1730 and 1830 were the heyday of the game of Tarot; it was played not only in northern Italy , eastern France , Switzerland , Germany and Austro-Hungary , but also in Belgium ,
675-528: A philosopher and former student of Kenneth J. Arrow and John Rawls , and by the economist Mark A. Satterthwaite. After the establishment of the Farquharson–Dummett conjecture by Gibbard and Satterthwaite, Dummett contributed three proofs of the Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem in a monograph on voting. He also wrote a shorter overview of the theory of voting, for the educated public. Dummett
750-867: A post he held until retiring in 1992. During his term as Wykeham Professor, he held a Fellowship at New College, Oxford . He has also held teaching posts at Birmingham University , UC Berkeley , Stanford University , Princeton University , and Harvard University . He won the Rolf Schock prize in 1995, and was knighted in 1999. He was the 2010 winner of the Lauener Prize for an Outstanding Œuvre in Analytical Philosophy. During his career at Oxford, Dummett supervised many philosophers who went on to distinguished careers, including Peter Carruthers , Adrian Moore , Ian Rumfitt , and Crispin Wright . Dummett's work on
825-691: A scholar, and at Christ Church, Oxford , which awarded him a major scholarship in 1943. He was called up for military service that year and served until 1947, first as a private in the Royal Artillery , then in the Intelligence Corps in India and Malaya. In 1950 he graduated with a first in Politics, Philosophy and Economics from Oxford and was elected a Prize Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford . In 1979, Dummett became Wykeham Professor of Logic at Oxford,
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#1732877191769900-572: A union. Bacow retired in June 2023, and on July 1 Claudine Gay , a Harvard professor in the Government and African American Studies departments and Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences , became Harvard's 30th president. In January 2024, just six months into her presidency, Gay resigned following allegations of antisemitism and plagiarism . Gay was succeeded by Alan Garber , the university's provost, who
975-568: Is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts , United States. Founded October 28, 1636, and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard , it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. Its influence, wealth, and rankings have made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world. Harvard was founded and authorized by
1050-695: Is based on a mimeographed list found in the clippings file at the Harvard Library Archives. The mimeographed list only covered the lectures delivered through 1971. The remaining items were supplied by searching for relevant monographs in the catalogs of the Harvard Library and the Library of Congress. Since not all of the lecture series resulted in a published book, the list may be incomplete. John Dewey ('30–'31) " Art as Experience " Arthur Lovejoy ('32–'33) "The Great Chain of Being: A Study of
1125-552: Is not to be a laughing-stock in the eyes of the world." A debate on these remarks continued for months, with the theologian Nicholas Lash and the historian Eamon Duffy among the contributors. Dummett retired in 1992 and was knighted in 1999 for "services to philosophy and to racial justice". He received the Lakatos Award in the philosophy of science in 1994 and the Rolf Schock Prize for logic and philosophy in 1995. He
1200-799: The Allston neighborhood of Boston ; and the medical campus in Boston's Longwood Medical Area . Harvard's endowment , valued at $ 50.7 billion , makes it the wealthiest academic institution in the world. Harvard Library , with more than 20 million volumes, is the world's largest academic library . Harvard alumni, faculty, and researchers include 188 living billionaires , eight U.S. presidents , 24 heads of state and 31 heads of government , founders of notable companies, Nobel laureates , Fields Medalists , members of Congress , MacArthur Fellows , Rhodes Scholars , Marshall Scholars , Turing Award Recipients , Pulitzer Prize recipients, and Fulbright Scholars ; by most metrics, Harvard University ranks among
1275-580: The American Civil War , under Harvard president Charles William Eliot 's long tenure from 1869 to 1909, Harvard developed multiple professional schools, which transformed it into a modern research university . In 1900, Harvard co-founded the Association of American Universities . James B. Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II , and liberalized admissions after
1350-516: The American Revolution . In the 19th century, Harvard was influenced by Enlightenment Age ideas, including reason and free will, which were widespread among Congregational ministers and which placed these ministers and their congregations at odds with more traditionalist, Calvinist pastors and clergies. Following the death of Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan in 1803 and that of Joseph Willard , Harvard's eleventh president,
1425-606: The Borda count , and conjectured the Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem together with Robin Farquharson ; he also devised the condition of proportionality for solid coalitions . Besides his main work in analytic philosophy , he also wrote extensively on the history of card games , particularly on tarot card games . He was married to the political activist Ann Dummett from 1951 until his death in 2011. Born 27 June 1925 at his parents' house, 56, York Terrace , Marylebone , London, Dummett
1500-523: The Carnegie Classification . The medical school consistently ranks first among medical schools for research, and biomedical research is an area of particular strength for the university. More than 11,000 faculty and 1,600 graduate students conduct research at the medical school and its 15 affiliated hospitals and research institutes. In 2019, the medical school and its affiliates attracted $ 1.65 billion in competitive research grants from
1575-490: The Darfur genocide , and tobacco , fossil fuel , and private prison industries. In the late 1980s, during the disinvestment from South Africa movement, student activists erected a symbolic shanty town on Harvard Yard and blockaded a speech by South African Vice Consul Duke Kent-Brown. The university eventually reduced its South African holdings by $ 230 million , out of a total of $ 400 million , in response to
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#17328771917691650-452: The Faculty of Arts and Sciences , including Sever Hall , Harvard Hall , and freshman dormitories . Upperclassmen live in the twelve residential houses , located south of Harvard Yard near the Charles River and on Radcliffe Quadrangle , which formerly housed Radcliffe College students. Each house is a community of undergraduates, faculty deans, and resident tutors, with its own dining hall, library, and recreational facilities. Also on
1725-591: The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , the John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) , and the Division of Continuing Education , which includes Harvard Summer School and Harvard Extension School . There are nine other graduate and professional faculties and a faculty attacked to the Harvard Radcliffe Institute . There are four Harvard joint programs with MIT , which include
1800-631: The Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences expanded into the new Allston-based Science and Engineering Complex (SEC), which is more than 500,000 square feet in size. SEC is adjacent to the Enterprise Research Campus, the Business School, and Harvard Innovation Labs, and designed to encourage technology- and life science-focused startups and collaborations with mature companies. The university's schools of Medicine , Dental Medicine , and Public Health are located on
1875-624: The Harvard–MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology , the Broad Institute , The Observatory of Economic Complexity , and edX . The university maintains 12 schools, which include: Harvard is a founding member of the Association of American Universities and a preeminent research university with "very high" research activity (R1) and comprehensive doctoral programs across the arts, sciences, engineering, and medicine, according to
1950-492: The Massachusetts General Court , the governing legislature of colonial -era Massachusetts Bay Colony . While never formally affiliated with any denomination , Harvard trained Congregational clergy until its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized in the 18th century. By the 19th century, Harvard emerged as the most prominent academic and cultural institution among the Boston elite . Following
2025-723: The NAACP . In June 1956 he met Martin Luther King Jr. while visiting San Francisco, and heard from him of Alistair Cooke providing the British public with what King defined as "biased and hostile reports" of the Civil Rights Movement and specifically of the Montgomery bus boycott . Dummett travelled to Montgomery and wrote his own account. However, The Guardian refused to publish Dummett's article and his refutation of Cooke's version of
2100-646: The National Institutes of Health , more than twice that of any other university. Harvard Library , the largest academic library in the world with 20.4 million holdings, is centered in Widener Library in Harvard Yard . It includes 25 individual Harvard libraries around the world with a combined staff of more than 800 librarians and personnel. Houghton Library , the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on
2175-548: The Netherlands , Denmark , Sweden and even Russia . Not only was it, in these areas, a famous game with many devotees: it was also, during that period, more truly an international game than it had ever been before or than it has ever been since...." In 1987, Dummett collaborated with Giordano Berti and Andrea Vitali on the project of a great Tarot exhibition at Castello Estense in Ferrara . On that occasion he wrote some texts for
2250-787: The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering . Additional affiliates, including Massachusetts General Hospital , are located throughout Greater Boston . Harvard owns Dumbarton Oaks , a research library in Washington, D.C., Harvard Forest in Petersham, Massachusetts , Concord Field Station in Estabrook Woods in Concord, Massachusetts , the Villa I Tatti research center in Florence , Italy, and
2325-554: The 1940 William James lectureship . Russell: The Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies (36), 45–64. ^ Schweber, S.S. (2008). Einstein and Oppenheimer. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. v t e William James Books The Principles of Psychology (1890) The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902) Essays in Radical Empiricism (1912) Essays " The Moral Philosopher and
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2400-413: The 20th century, as its endowment burgeoned and prominent intellectuals and professors affiliated with it, Harvard University's reputation as one of the world's most prestigious universities grew notably. The university's enrollment also underwent substantial growth, a product of both the founding of new graduate academic programs and an expansion of the undergraduate college . Radcliffe College emerged as
2475-930: The Center for Hellenic Studies in Greece. https://greece.chs.harvard.edu the Harvard Shanghai Center in Shanghai , China, and Arnold Arboretum in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston. Harvard is governed by a combination of its Board of Overseers and the President and Fellows of Harvard College , which is also known as the Harvard Corporation. These two bodies, in turn, appoint the President of Harvard University . There are 16,000 staff and faculty, including 2,400 professors, lecturers, and instructors. Harvard has
2550-537: The German philosopher Frege has been acclaimed. His first book Frege: Philosophy of Language (1973), written over many years, is seen as a classic. It was instrumental in the rediscovery of Frege's work, and influenced a generation of British philosophers. In his 1963 paper "Realism", he popularised a controversial approach to understanding the historical dispute between realist and other non-realist philosophy such as idealism , nominalism , irrealism . He classed all
2625-731: The Harvard Library system include Baker Library/Bloomberg Center at Harvard Business School , Cabot Science Library at Harvard Science Center , Dumbarton Oaks in Washington, D.C. , Gutman Library at the Harvard Graduate School of Education , Harvard Film Archive at the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts , Houghton Library , and Lamont Library . Michael Dummett Sir Michael Anthony Eardley Dummett FBA ( / ˈ d ʌ m ɪ t / ; 27 June 1925 – 27 December 2011)
2700-694: The History of Women in America, and the Harvard University Archives consist principally of rare and unique materials. The nation's oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases is stored in Pusey Library on Harvard Yard , which is open to the public. The largest collection of East-Asian language material outside of East Asia is held in Harvard-Yenching Library . Other major libraries in
2775-2015: The History of an Idea" Wolfgang Köhler ('34–'35) "The Place of Value in a World of Facts" Étienne Gilson ('36–'37) " The Unity of Philosophical Experience " Kurt Goldstein ('38–'39) "Human Nature in the Light of Psychopathology" Bertrand Russell ('40–41) "An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth" E. L. Thorndike ('42–'43) "Human Nature and Human Institutions" William E. Hocking ('46–'47) "Issues in Contemporary Philosophy of Law" B. F. Skinner ('47–'48) "Verbal Behavior" Karl R. Popper ('49–'50) "The Study of Nature and Society" Frank A. Beach ('51–'52) "A Biological Approach to Psychology" J. L. Austin ('54–'55) " How to Do Things with Words " Robert Oppenheimer ('56–'57) "The Hope of Order" Donald B. Lindsley ('58–'59) "Brain Organization and Behavior" Gabriel Marcel ('61–'62) "The Existential Background of Human Dignity" Herbert A. Simon ('62–'63) "Symbolic Processes in Human Behavior" Edwin H. Land ('66–'67) "Color Vision from Retina to Retinex" H. Paul Grice ('66–'67) "Logic and Conversation" A. J. Ayer (1970) "Russell and Moore: The Analytical Heritage" Donald Broadbent (1971) "In Defense of Empirical Psychology" Jeffrey Satinover (1974) "Imagination in Art and Religion" Michael Dummett (1976) "The Logical Basis of Metaphysics" Donald T. Campbell (1977) "Descriptive Epistemology: Psychological, Sociological, Evolutionary" Richard Wollheim (1982) "The Thread of Life" Allen Newell (1987) "Unified Theories of Cognition" Roger N. Shepard (1994) "Mind and World: Principles of Perception" Ned Block (2012) "How Empirical Facts About Attention Transform Traditional Philosophical Debates About
2850-548: The Montgomery events, even in a shortened account as a Letter to the Editor; the BBC , too, also refused to publish it. Dummett and Robin Farquharson published influential articles on the theory of voting, in particular conjecturing that deterministic voting rules with more than three issues faced endemic strategic voting . The Dummett–Farquharson conjecture was proved by Allan Gibbard ,
2925-790: The Moral Life " (1891) " The Will to Believe " (1896) " The Energies of Men " (1907) Related James–Lange theory The Metaphysical Club Pragmatic theory of truth William James Lectures William James Society Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_James_Lectures&oldid=1219328787 " Categories : Pragmatism Philosophy events Psychology education William James 1930 establishments in Massachusetts Lecture series at Harvard University Recurring events established in 1930 Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Incomplete lists from April 2017 Harvard University Harvard University
3000-834: The Nature of Perception" Published versions of the lectures [ edit ] Austin, J.L. (1962). How to do things with words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Ayer, A.J. (1971). Russell and Moore: The analytical heritage. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Broadbent, D.E. (1934). In defense of empirical psychology. London: Methuen. Campbell, D.T. (1988). Methodology and epistemology for social science: Selected papers (E. Samuel Overman, Ed.). NY: Minton, Balch & Company. Dewey, J. (1934). Art as experience. NY: Minton, Balch & Company. Dummett, M. (1991). The logical basis of metaphysics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Gilson, E. (1937). The unity of philosophical experience. NY: C. Scribner's Sons. Goldstein, K. (1940). Human nature in
3075-437: The UK. In the book, Dummett argued in favour of open borders and mass migration, except when states were "under special threat" and could therefore refuse entry. He has written of his shock on finding anti-Semitic and "extreme right-wing" opinions in the diaries of Frege , to whose work he had devoted such a high proportion of his professional career. In 1955–1956, while in Berkeley, California , Dummett and his wife joined
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3150-412: The acceptance of falsehoods." Dummett argued that "the divergence which now obtains between what the Catholic Church purports to believe and what large or important sections of it in fact believe ought, in my view, to be tolerated no longer: not if there is to be a rationale for belonging to that Church; not if there is to be any hope of reunion with the other half of Christendom; not if the Catholic Church
3225-429: The catalogue of the exhibition. In 1944, Dummett was received into the Roman Catholic Church and remained a practising Catholic. Throughout his career, Dummett published articles on various issues then facing the Catholic Church, mainly in the English Dominican journal New Blackfriars . Dummett published an essay in the bulletin of the Adoremus Society on the subject of liturgy, and a philosophical essay defending
3300-472: The churches when our present ministers shall lie in the dust." In its early years, the college trained many Puritan ministers and offered a classical curriculum based on the English university model many colonial-era Massachusetts leaders experienced at the University of Cambridge , where many of them studied prior to immigrating to British America . Harvard never formally affiliated with any particular Protestant denomination, but its curriculum conformed to
3375-534: The dispute between intuitionism and Platonism in the philosophy of mathematics . Dummett espoused semantic anti-realism , a position suggesting that truth cannot serve as the central notion in the theory of meaning and must be replaced by verifiability . Semantic anti-realism is sometimes related to semantic inferentialism . Dummett was politically active, through his work as a campaigner against racism. He let his philosophical career stall in order to influence civil rights for minorities during what he saw as
3450-409: The female counterpart of Harvard College, becoming one of the most prominent schools in the nation for women. In 1923, a year after the percentage of Jewish students at Harvard reached 20%, A. Lawrence Lowell , the university's 22nd president, unsuccessfully proposed capping the admission of Jewish students to 15% of the undergraduate population. Lowell also refused to mandate forced desegregation in
3525-455: The following year, a struggle broke out over their replacements. In 1805, Henry Ware was elected to replace Tappan as Hollis chair. Two years later, in 1807, liberal Samuel Webber was appointed as Harvard's 13th president, representing a shift from traditional ideas at Harvard to more liberal and Arminian ideas. In 1816, Harvard University launched new language programs in the study of French and Spanish , and appointed George Ticknor
3600-507: The following year. In 1638, the university acquired British North America 's first known printing press . The same year, on his deathbed, John Harvard , a Puritan clergyman who emigrated to the colony from England, bequeathed the emerging college £780 and his library of some 320 volumes; the following year, it was named Harvard College . In 1643, a Harvard publication defined the college's purpose: "advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity, dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to
3675-439: The intelligibility of the Catholic Church's teaching on the Eucharist . In October 1987, one of his contributions to New Blackfriars sparked controversy by seemingly attacking currents of Catholic theology that appeared to him to diverge from orthodox Catholicism and "imply that, from the very earliest times, the Catholic Church, claiming to have a mission from God to safeguard divinely revealed truth, has taught and insisted on
3750-486: The largest university endowment in the world, valued at about $ 50.7 billion as of 2023. During the recession of 2007–2009 , it suffered significant losses that forced large budget cuts, in particular temporarily halting construction on the Allston Science Complex. The endowment has since recovered. About $ 2 billion of investment income is annually distributed to fund operations. Harvard's ability to fund its degree and financial aid programs depends on
3825-456: The late 19th century, Harvard University's graduate schools began admitting women in small numbers. In 1900, Harvard became a founding member of the Association of American Universities . For the first few decades of the 20th century, the Harvard student body was predominantly "old-stock, high-status Protestants , especially Episcopalians , Congregationalists , and Presbyterians ," according to sociologist and author Jerome Karabel . Over
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#17328771917693900-441: The latter as anti-realist and argued that the fundamental disagreement between realist and anti-realist was over the nature of truth. For Dummett, realism is best understood as semantic realism , i.e. the view that every declarative sentence in one's language is bivalent (determinately true or false) and evidence-transcendent (independent of our means of coming to know which), while anti-realism rejects this view in favour of
3975-1312: The light of psychopathology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Grice, H. P. (1989). Studies in the way of words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Köhler, W. (1938). The place of value in a world of facts. NY: Liveright Publishing. Lovejoy, A.O. (1934). The great chain of being: A study of the history of an idea. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press Marcel, G. (1963). The existential background of human dignity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Newell, A. (1990). Unified theories of cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Russell, B. (1940). An inquiry into meaning and truth. NY: W.W. Norton. Simon, H. (1979). Models of thought. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Skinner, B.F. (1957). Verbal behavior. NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Thorndike, E.L. (1943). Man and his works. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Wollheim, R. (1984). The thread of life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. References [ edit ] ^ Harvard Alumni Bulletin , 34 (22), (Fri. March 4, 1932). ^ Monk, R. (2001). Bertrand Russell: The ghost of madness, 1921–1970. NY: Free Press. ^ Stevenson, M. D. (2016). "My personal ruin passes unnoticed": Russell, Harvard, and
4050-441: The main campus in Cambridge are the Law , Divinity (theology), Engineering and Applied Science , Design (architecture), Education , Kennedy (public policy), and Extension schools, and Harvard Radcliffe Institute in Radcliffe Yard. Harvard also has commercial real estate holdings in Cambridge. Harvard Business School , Harvard Innovation Labs , and many athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium , are located on
4125-400: The most important book on cards ever written." Dummett's analysis of the historical evidence suggested that fortune-telling and occult interpretations were unknown before the 18th century. During most of their recorded history, he wrote, Tarot cards were used to play a popular trick-taking game which is still enjoyed in much of Europe. Dummett showed that the middle of the 18th century saw
4200-500: The most influential thinkers of the 20th century. In some cases, the selection of lecturer has generated considerable controversy. It is not to be confused with the William James Lectures on Religious Experience , which is a different lecture series conducted in the Harvard Divinity School. Chronological list of invited lectureships [ edit ] [REDACTED] This list is incomplete ; you can help by adding missing items . ( April 2017 ) This compilation
4275-476: The performance of its endowment; a poor performance in fiscal year 2016 forced a 4.4% cut in the number of graduate students funded by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences . Endowment income is critical, as only 22% of revenue is from students' tuition, fees, room, and board. Since the 1970s, several student-led campaigns have advocated divesting Harvard's endowment from controversial holdings, including investments in South Africa during apartheid , Sudan during
4350-432: The pressure. Harvard is a large, highly residential research university offering 50 undergraduate majors, 134 graduate degrees, and 32 professional degrees. During the 2018–2019 academic year, Harvard granted 1,665 baccalaureate degrees, 1,013 graduate degrees, and 5,695 professional degrees. Harvard College , the four-year, full-time undergraduate program, has a liberal arts and sciences focus. To graduate in
4425-423: The surrounding Harvard Square neighborhood. The Yard houses several Harvard buildings, including four of the university's libraries, Houghton , Lamont , Pusey , and Widener . Also on Harvard Yard are Massachusetts Hall , built between 1718 and 1720 and the university's oldest still standing building, Memorial Church , and University Hall Harvard Yard and adjacent areas include the main academic buildings of
4500-406: The tenets of Puritanism. In 1650, the charter for Harvard Corporation , the college's governing body, was granted. From 1681 to 1701, Increase Mather , a Puritan clergyman, served as Harvard's sixth president . In 1708, John Leverett became Harvard's seventh president and the first president who was not also a clergyman. Harvard faculty and students largely supported the Patriot cause during
4575-447: The top universities in the world in each of these categories. Harvard students and alumni have also collectively won 10 Academy Awards and 110 Olympic medals , including 46 gold. Harvard was founded in 1636 during the colonial , pre- Revolutionary era by vote of the Great and General Court of Massachusetts Bay Colony , one of the original Thirteen Colonies of British America . Its first headmaster, Nathaniel Eaton , took office
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#17328771917694650-498: The undergraduate college became accessible to striving middle class students from public schools; many more Jews and Catholics were admitted, but still few Blacks, Hispanics, or Asians versus the representation of these groups in the general U.S. population. Over the second half of the 20th century, however, the university became incrementally more diverse. Between 1971 and 1999, Harvard controlled undergraduate admission, instruction, and housing for Radcliffe's women; in 1999, Radcliffe
4725-400: The university's freshman dormitories , writing that, "We owe to the colored man the same opportunities for education that we do to the white man, but we do not owe to him to force him and the white into social relations that are not, or may not be, mutually congenial." Between 1933 and 1953, Harvard University was led by James B. Conant , the university's 23rd president, who reinvigorated
4800-428: The university's creative scholarship in an effort to guarantee Harvard's preeminence among the nation and world's emerging research institutions. Conant viewed higher education as a vehicle of opportunity for the talented rather than an entitlement for the wealthy, and devised programs to identify, recruit, and support talented youth. In 1945, under Conant's leadership, an influential 268-page report, General Education in
4875-531: The university's first professor for these language programs. From 1869 to 1909, Charles William Eliot , Harvard University's 21st president, decreased the historically favored position of Christianity in the curriculum, opening it to student self-direction. Though Eliot was an influential figure in the secularization of U.S. higher education, he was motivated primarily by Transcendentalist and Unitarian convictions influenced by William Ellery Channing , Ralph Waldo Emerson , and others, rather than secularism. In
4950-407: The use of the tarot pack in card games , The Game of Tarot: From Ferrara to Salt Lake City , attempted to establish that the invention of Tarot could be set in 15th-century Italy . He laid the foundation for most subsequent research on the game of tarot , including exhaustive accounts of the rules of all hitherto known forms of the game. Sylvia Mann goes as far as to say that The Game of Tarot "is
5025-443: The usual four years, undergraduates normally take four courses per semester. In most majors, an honors degree requires advanced coursework and a senior thesis. Though some introductory courses have large enrollments, the median class size is 12 students. The Faculty of Arts and Sciences , with an academic staff of 1,211 as of 2019, is the largest Harvard faculty, and has primary responsibility for instruction in Harvard College ,
5100-472: The war. The university has ten academic faculties and a faculty attached to Harvard Radcliffe Institute . The Faculty of Arts and Sciences offers study in a wide range of undergraduate and graduate academic disciplines , and other faculties offer graduate degrees, including professional degrees. Harvard has three campuses: the main campus, a 209-acre (85 ha) in Cambridge centered on Harvard Yard ; an adjoining campus immediately across Charles River in
5175-401: Was a scholar in the field of card-game history, with numerous books and articles to his credit. He was a founding member of the International Playing-Card Society , in whose journal The Playing-Card he regularly published opinions, research and reviews of current literature on the subject; he was also a founder of the Accademia del Tarocchino Bolognese in Bologna . His historical work on
5250-469: Was an English academic described as "among the most significant British philosophers of the last century and a leading campaigner for racial tolerance and equality ." He was, until 1992, Wykeham Professor of Logic at the University of Oxford . He wrote on the history of analytic philosophy , notably as an interpreter of Frege , and made original contributions particularly in the philosophies of mathematics , logic , language and metaphysics . He
5325-413: Was appointed interim president. In August 2024, the university announced that Garber would be appointed Harvard's 31st president through the end of the 2026–27 academic year. The 209-acre (85 ha) main campus of Harvard University is centered on Harvard Yard , colloquially known as "the Yard," in Cambridge, Massachusetts , about 3 miles (5 km) west-northwest of downtown Boston , and extending to
5400-457: Was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1968, resigned in 1984, and was re-elected in 1995. Dummett died on 27 December 2011 aged 86, leaving his wife Ann (married in 1951, died in 2012) and three sons and two daughters. A son and a daughter predeceased them. He is buried at Wolvercote Cemetery , Oxford. Notable articles and exhibition catalogues include "Tarot Triumphant: Tracing
5475-454: Was formally merged into Harvard University. On July 1, 2007, Drew Gilpin Faust , dean of Harvard Radcliffe Institute , was appointed Harvard's 28th and the university's first female president. On July 1, 2018, Faust retired and joined the board of Goldman Sachs , and Lawrence Bacow became Harvard's 29th president . In February 2023, approximately 6,000 Harvard workers attempted to organize
5550-511: Was known for his work on truth and meaning and their implications to debates between realism and anti-realism , a term he helped to popularize. In mathematical logic , he developed an intermediate logic , a logical system intermediate between classical logic and intuitionistic logic that had already been studied by Kurt Gödel : the Gödel–Dummett logic . In voting theory , he devised the Quota Borda system of proportional voting, based on
5625-469: Was the son of George Herbert Dummett (1880 – 12 November 1969), later of Shepherd's Cottage, Curridge , Berkshire, a silk merchant and rayon dealer, and Mabel Iris (1893–1980), daughter of the civil servant and conservationist Sir Sainthill Eardley-Wilmot (himself grandson of the politician Sir John Eardley-Wilmot, 1st Baronet ). He studied at Sandroyd School in Wiltshire , at Winchester College as
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