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38-550: The Willa Cather Foundation is an American not-for-profit organization, headquartered in Red Cloud , Nebraska , dedicated to preserving the archives and settings associated with Willa Cather (1873–1947), a Pulitzer Prize -winning author, and promoting the appreciation of her work. Established in 1955, the Foundation is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization that promotes Willa Cather’s legacy through education, preservation, and

76-526: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending

114-455: A swimming pool in its park, and it maintains a nine-hole golf course that is claimed to be the third-best such course in the state. County seat In Canada , the provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below the provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia

152-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in

190-741: A female graduate of a Nebraska high school intending to major in English. Since the 2003 restoration of the Red Cloud Opera House, which houses a theater and gallery, the foundation also operates as a regional arts center. In 2019, History Nebraska (formerly the Nebraska State Historical Society) transferred ownership of all historic Cather-related sites back to the Willa Cather Foundation. In addition, over 8,000 Cather-related documents and artifacts returned to Red Cloud to

228-514: A journal of scholarly articles and foundation news, and holds an annual spring conference in Red Cloud. With rotating academic partners, the foundation hosts a biennial International Cather Seminar for scholars and Cather readers. It continues to offer year-round tours in Red Cloud and host visiting scholars and researchers. The foundation awards the Norma Ross Walter scholarship, given annually to

266-626: A major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With the increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan,

304-510: A male householder with no wife present, and 44.4% were non-families. 40.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 24.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.04 and the average family size was 2.73. The median age in the city was 50.5 years. 20.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.2% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 31.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of

342-407: A permanent exhibit on the life and works of Willa Cather, "American Bittersweet," and an expansive, climate-controlled Special Collections & Archives. The Foundation houses growing archival and museum collections and preserves ten properties that make up the largest collection of nationally-designated historic sites related to an American author. The organization was founded in 1955 in Red Cloud,

380-554: A treaty was signed in which the Pawnees surrendered their lands south of the Platte River . According to George Hyde , it is likely that the Pawnees did not realize that they were thereby giving up their lands, and that they were led to believe that they were only granting the Delawares and other relocated tribes permission to hunt in the area. In 1870, the area that is now Webster County

418-528: A useful resource for studying Cather's Nebraska milieu. Acknowledging the scope of its activities in its early years, in 1965 the organization renamed itself the Willa Cather Pioneer Memorial and Educational Foundation . Under Bennett's direction, the foundation's primary early focus was the preservation and restoration of sites in and around Red Cloud that figure in Cather's life and work. By 1976,

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456-515: Is also part of the district. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 1.02 square miles (2.64 km ), all land. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,020 people, 480 households, and 267 families living in the city. The population density was 1,000 inhabitants per square mile (386.1/km ). There were 594 housing units at an average density of 582.4 per square mile (224.9/km ). The racial makeup of

494-409: Is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in the county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of

532-552: The Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of the United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government

570-456: The Willa Cather Pioneer Memorial , the foundation was organized by a group of local volunteers under the direction of Mildred R. Bennett, a South Dakota native who had originally come to Webster County in 1932 as a schoolteacher and eventually became an important early figure in Cather studies. Bennett's The World of Willa Cather , published in 1951, was the first full-length biography to be published following Cather's death in 1947, and remains

608-508: The Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when the Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of the imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it

646-935: The United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of

684-512: The arts. Programs and services include regular guided historic site tours, conservation of the 612 acre Willa Cather Memorial Prairie, and organization of year-round cultural programs and exhibits at the restored Red Cloud Opera House. In 2017, the Willa Cather Foundation opened the National Willa Cather Center—an archive, museum, and study center in downtown Red Cloud which houses the Red Cloud Opera House, art gallery, bookstore,

722-403: The average family size was 2.78. The median age in the city was 47 years. 22.3% of the population was under the age of 18; 3.8% were between 18 and 24 years old; 21.0% were from 25 to 44; 22.5% were from 45 to 64; and 30.4% were 65 years old or older. For every 100 females, there were 89.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.4 males. The median income for a household in

760-536: The care of the new Special Collections & Archives, opened in 2017 at the National Willa Cather Center. Red Cloud, Nebraska Red Cloud is a city in and the county seat of Webster County, Nebraska , United States. The population was 962 at the 2020 census . The region of present-day Red Cloud was intermittently occupied and used as hunting grounds by the Pawnees until 1833. In that year,

798-425: The city was $ 26,389, and the median income for a family was $ 34,038. Males had a median income of $ 26,364 versus $ 17,232 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 14,772. About 8.4% of families and 13.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 20.9% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over. Its school district is Red Cloud Community Schools . The city owns and operates

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836-509: The city was 45.8% male and 54.2% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,131 people, 520 households, and 302 families living in the city. The population density was 1,108 inhabitants per square mile (428/km ). There were 618 housing units at an average density of 605.7 per square mile (233.9/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 97.35% White , 0.18% African American , 0.97% Asian , 0.18% from other races , and 1.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.97% of

874-415: The city was 95.5% White , 0.8% African American , 0.3% Native American , 0.4% Asian , 1.2% from other races , and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.3% of the population. There were 480 households, of which 22.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had

912-418: The county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where the county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in

950-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for

988-494: The foundation's properties included: In 1978, the Nebraska State Historical Society assumed ownership of these properties and the archival materials amassed by the Foundation to that date. The Foundation continued to manage these sites and kept them open for visitors. Additional historic sites maintained by the Foundation were added in later years and have been owned outright. They include: From 2007-2017,

1026-611: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford

1064-542: The number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized the term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after

1102-528: The organization operated as the Willa Cather Foundation , directed by a thirty-member board of governors including scholars, educators, and professionals from throughout the United States. In 2019, the organization, which retains its non-profit status under the Willa Cather Foundation name, rebranded as the National Willa Cather Center (completed in 2017). It publishes the Willa Cather Review ,

1140-404: The population. There were 520 households, out of which 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.9% were non-families. 39.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and

1178-606: The small town that appears frequently in Willa Cather's novels and stories under a variety of names. Cather, born in Virginia in 1873, moved with her family to rural Webster County , Nebraska, in 1883; in late 1884 the family resettled in the county seat of Red Cloud, where Cather lived until beginning her college studies at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln in 1890. Established as

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1216-764: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of

1254-700: The term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in the People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized the counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under

1292-583: The town as inspiration for several in her novels, including Black Hawk in My Ántonia . Early articles by Cather were published in the city's first newspaper, The Red Cloud Chief . Several 19th-century buildings described in her books are part of the Willa Cather Historic District, the largest district dedicated to an author listed in the National Register of Historic Places . Her childhood home

1330-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of

1368-538: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,

1406-456: Was opened to homesteaders . In that year, Silas Garber and other settlers filed claims along Crooked Creek, just east of the present-day city. In 1871, the town, named after the renowned Oglala Lakota leader Red Cloud , was voted county seat of the newly formed county. The city was platted in 1872. The author Willa Cather lived in Red Cloud with her family for seven years, starting in 1883 at age nine, and later visited often. She used

1444-574: Was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of a county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of the later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been

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