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53-417: The original course was expanded to the standardized half- Ironman distance (1.2 mi / 56 mi / 13.1 mi) in the late 1980s, and was often referred to as simply the long course . Two more races were subsequently been added to the event: an Olympic-distance (1.5 km / 40 km / 10 km) race and a short or "sprint" mountain-bike triathlon (0.25 mi / 9.7 mi / 2 mi). Known for

106-521: A marathon run along the coast (from Keauhou to Keahole Point and back to Kailua-Kona); finishing on Aliʻi Drive. The most recent Ironman World Championship took place on October 6, 2022, and was won by Gustav Iden of Norway in 7:40:24 and Chelsea Sodaro of the United States in 8:33:46. The current Ironman Hawaii course record was set in 2022 by Gustav Iden (Norway), whose winning time was 7 hours 40 minutes 24 seconds. Daniela Ryf (Switzerland) set

159-407: A clockwise direction on the triangular course. The course would have sailboats, clearly marked, at the corners and there would be course marker buoys and lifeguards on long boards every 100 yards. The swimmers would exit the water, go through the timing area, up the ramp and into the transition area. The bike course was 40K (24.8 miles) long and was considered relatively difficult. Cyclist would leave

212-427: A particularly hilly and grueling course, it was one of the largest triathlon events in the world, with 7,500 athletes and 30,000 spectators attending each year at its peak. Traditionally it was associated with a Wildflower festival, though in later years the festival had been eclipsed by the increasingly large athletic event. A drastic drop in lake level in 2014 led to a modified course and lower attendance. Shortly after

265-474: A path for amateur athletes to qualify for the Ironman World Championships. The change was made to accommodate for the increased number of qualifying slots created from the full Ironman events which had been recently added. For professional triathletes, up to three 70.3 events can be used to accumulate points to be put towards their championship qualifying point rankings. Advance Publications ,

318-506: A qualifying event. The Ironman qualifying events include: The designation of "world record" is unofficial due to lack of course certification as well as World Triathlon Corporation not maintaining official world record status. In 2005, WTC instituted the Ironman 70.3 race series. This shorter course, also known as a Half Ironman, consists of a 1.2-mile (1.9 km) swim, 56-mile (90 km) bike ride, and 13.1-mile (21.1 km) run. As with

371-430: A time of 4 hours, 26 minutes and 29 seconds in 2012. The triathlon is owned and operated by See & Be Productions. It was previously sponsored by Avia and was known as the "Avia Wildflower Triathlons" until 2013. Jamba Juice was also a title sponsor of the event in the early 2000's. Ironman Triathlon An Ironman Triathlon is one of a series of long-distance triathlon races organized by

424-530: A variety of disciplines including cross country running, cycling, swimming and multisport . After finishing school he focused on multisport and won the 2001 & 2002 Junior Men's Elite Duathlon World Championship and the 2002 & 2003 Junior Men's Elite Triathlon World Championship. Bozzone holds the current course record for the Wildflower Triathlon set in 2006. Bozzone completed the half-Ironman distance in 3 hours, 53 minutes and 43 seconds, beating

477-473: The World Triathlon Corporation (WTC), consisting of a 2.4-mile (3.9 km) swim , a 112-mile (180.2 km) bicycle ride and a marathon 26.22-mile (42.2 km) run completed in that order, a total of 140.6 miles (226.3 km). It is widely considered one of the most difficult one-day sporting events in the world. Most Ironman events have a time limit of 16 or 17 hours to complete

530-529: The 2015 event, the Monterey County Board of Supervisors announced it would close Lake San Antonio due to low water levels. The event was canceled in 2017 and 2019. It was canceled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic . In July 2023 it was announced that a new triathlon not associated with the previous Wildflower Triathlon would be held at the site. Wildflower organizers have announced their plans to bring back

583-471: The Ironman race and approached Nautilus Fitness Center owners Hank Grundman and Valerie Silk about taking over control of the race. Grundman previously had extended his club's facilities to many of the Ironman competitors. Following the couple's divorce in 1981 Silk received ownership of Ironman. That year she moved the competition to the less urbanized Hawaiʻi Island (called the Big Island) and in 1982 moved

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636-473: The Ironman series, it consists of a number of qualifying races at various locations worldwide ending in a world championship race with athletes drawn largely from top finishers in the qualifying events. For amateur athletes, some 70.3 events acted as qualifiers for the full Ironman World Championships in Hawaii. However, the 2015 qualifying year marked a large de-emphasis on using certain Ironman 70.3 series races as

689-698: The San Diego races, so they understood the concept when Collins suggested that the debate should be settled through a race combining the three existing long-distance competitions already on the island: the Waikiki Roughwater Swim (2.4 mi or 3.9 km), the Around-Oahu Bike Race (115 mi or 185 km; originally a two-day event) and the Honolulu Marathon (26.219 mi or 42.195 km). Until that time, no one present had ever done

742-431: The agreement has been in place for decades and the royalties paid are "not material to the business." Iron Man first appeared in 1963, whereas the first Ironman triathlon was raced in 1978. The Ironman Triathlon logo is a trademark of the World Triathlon Corporation . The WTC has also registered the trademarks for "Ironman," "Ironman Triathlon," "M-Dot," and "70.3." WTC has licensed the Ironman name for use, such as in

795-530: The annual race on the Big Island became The Ironman World Championship. In 1983, admission to the race began following a qualification based system, whereby athletes had to obtain entry to the race by competing in another Ironman race and gaining a slot, allocated on a proportional basis. The Hawaii race consists of a swim in the bay of Kailua-Kona , a bike ride across the Hawaiian lava desert to Hāwī and back, and

848-614: The awards ceremony for the 1977 Oʻahu Perimeter Relay. Among the participants were representatives of both the Mid-Pacific Road Runners and the Waikiki Swim Club, whose members had long been debating which athletes were more fit, runners or swimmers. On this occasion, U.S. Navy Commander John Collins pointed out that a recent article in Sports Illustrated magazine had declared that Belgian cyclist Eddy Merckx had

901-476: The backcountry trails. The trail followed the creek to Long Valley with two steep hills to climb out the other side at 5.7 miles (9.2 km). Triathletes proceeded back into the park alongside the road on trails and fire roads through Redondo Vista Campgrounds, the TNT campsite area, and the overflow camping area. At mile 9, the course returned to the roads, making a right turn at San Antonio Drive. Triathletes proceeded up

954-581: The bike race. Collins figured by shaving 3 miles (4.8 km) off the course and riding counter-clockwise around the island, the bike leg could start at the finish of the Waikiki Rough Water and end at the Aloha Tower , the traditional start of the Honolulu Marathon. Prior to racing, each athlete received three sheets of paper listing a few rules and a course description. Handwritten on the last page

1007-550: The current record by close to 2 hours, completing the race in 9 hours and 24 minutes. For the 1981 event there were more than triple the entries, at 326. There have been 19 different ways to qualify for the Ironman. Some of the ways include being a Hawaii Resident who won an event drawing, attaining a win in your age group at a previous Ironman, or even having a "Human Interest Story." Such human interest stories include participants who are cancer survivors and war heroes injured in battle. Around 1979 Collins no longer wanted to direct

1060-478: The early morning on February 18, 1978, twelve completed the race. Gordon Haller , a U.S. Navy Communications Specialist, was the first to earn the title Ironman by completing the course with a time of 11 hours, 46 minutes, 58 seconds. The runner-up John Dunbar, a U.S. Navy SEAL , led after the second transition and had a chance to win but ran out of water on the marathon course; his support crew resorted to giving him beer instead. With no further marketing efforts,

1113-450: The finish chute and the finish line. 0.25m Swim, 9.7m Bike, 2 mi Run. 0.25 Swim, 20k Bike, 5k Run. In 2018, Wildflower added trail run events at 5K and 10K distances. Added to the event for 2018, Wildflower featured stand-up paddleboarding events as an alternative to the original long-run, Olympic, and sprint distance events. 2 & 6 miles. The AVIA Wildflower Triathlons Festival established course closures for each portion of

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1166-414: The finish line. Although Kathleen McCartney passed her for the women's title, Moss nevertheless crawled to the finish line. Her performance was broadcast worldwide and created the Ironman mantra that just finishing is a victory. By the end of that year the race had maxed out at 1,000 participants, with a lottery used to fill the field while turning away another 1,000 interested participants. In 1990, with

1219-473: The help of Lew Friedland, Dr. James P. Gills acquired and purchased the Hawaii Triathlon Corporation, owner of the Ironman brand for $ 3 million from Silk. With the Ironman brand, Gills established the World Triathlon Corporation with the intention of furthering the sport of triathlon and increasing prize money for triathletes. A number of non-WTC full distance triathlons have been held since

1272-546: The highest recorded " oxygen uptake " of any athlete ever measured, so perhaps cyclists were more fit than anyone. Collins and his wife Judy Collins had taken part in the triathlons staged in 1974 and 1975 by the San Diego Track Club in and around Mission Bay, California , as well as the 1975 Optimist Sports Fiesta Triathlon in Coronado, California . A number of the other military athletes in attendance were also familiar with

1325-420: The individual and extrinsic factors are environmentally influenced. The most common injuries in the running event, are to the ankle and foot which result in a sprain, fracture, and muscle strain. Knee injuries like patella tendinopathy. Lower back injuries such as intervertebral disc injury and myofascial pain. Cycling injuries are common in the knees, lower back, neck and shoulder. Swimming injuries happen most in

1378-496: The line of Timex Ironman wristwatches. Terenzo Bozzone Terenzo Bozzone (born 1 March 1985) is a professional triathlete from New Zealand who races primarily in long distance, non-drafting events. He is the winner of the 2008 Ironman 70.3 World Championship . Bozzone was born in South Africa and moved to New Zealand with his family as a young boy. He was a talented athlete at school winning many national titles in

1431-457: The mid-1990s. The limited number of WTC-sanctioned events, and the limited number of entries available per race, have combined with a growth in the sport that has created demand for these non-trademarked events. Many of them share the 2.4-mile (3.9 km), 112-mile (180 km), 26.2-mile (42.2 km) format with the Ironman triathlon. Originally, many used the Ironman name. Due to aggressive trademark protection, most of these races no longer use

1484-422: The parent company that owns WTC and subsequently the Ironman brand, pays royalties to Marvel Entertainment for use of the Ironman brand. As part of the licensing agreement both Marvel and the former owner Wanda agreed to not use the "Iron Man" and "Ironman" trademarks in ways that would suggest an association with the other or cause brand confusion. World Triathlon Corporation CEO Andrew Messick has stated that

1537-418: The park onto Interlake Road past the first checkpoint at mile six. Bicyclists would proceed on Interlake Road over rolling hills before turning onto Jolon Road (19 miles). Triathletes would have small rolling hills along Jolon Road from mile 26 to 42. At mile 42, they followed Nacimiento left up "Nasty Grade", a nearly five-mile grade which climbs 1,000 feet (300 m) from bottom to top of "Heart Rate Hill." At

1590-528: The performance of the athletes who are training for the Ironman Triathlons while others studied the effects training has on the body and mind. In one study done by Clifford B. Sowell and Wm. Stewart Mounts Jr., "men who are 65 years old are 44% slower than one who is 35...and women is 48%" Triathletes train year round, and no matter how cautious, injuries are always possible. Many factors can be accounted for injuries happening, intrinsic factors are based on

1643-734: The plural "Ironmans" refers to multiples of "Ironman" as a short form of "Ironman Triathlon." In the triathlon community an Ironman is someone who has completed a race of the appropriate distance, whether or not it falls under the aegis of WTC. In 2013, Ironman piloted the "Swim Smart Initiative" in North America and brought with it some notable safety related changes to the Ironman format. These changes included new rules regarding swim course formats, water temperature regulations, pre-swim warm ups, wave starts, and additional rescue boats/watercraft (paddle-boards, kayaks, etc.). The Swim Smart Initiative also introduced "resting rafts" so that athletes may leave

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1696-526: The previous record by 6 minutes. In 2008, Bozzone capped off a successful year by winning the Ironman 70.3 World Championships in Clearwater, Florida setting a then course record of 3:40:10. Bozzone then spent the next couple of years battling an Achilles tendon injury. In 2013, he capped off a good season of racing with a second-place finish at 2013 Ironman 70.3 World Championships . On 3 July 2018, Bozzone

1749-503: The race date from February to October; as a result of this change there were two Ironman Triathlon events in 1982. A milestone in the marketing of the legend and history of the race happened in February 1982. Julie Moss , a college student competing to gather research for her exercise physiology thesis, moved toward the finish line in first place. As she neared the finish, severe fatigue and dehydration set in and she fell, just yards away from

1802-474: The race gathered as many as 50 athletes in 1979. The race, however, was postponed a day because of bad weather conditions. Only fifteen competitors started off the race Sunday morning. San Diego's Tom Warren won in 11 hours, 15 minutes, 56 seconds. Lyn Lemaire , a championship cyclist from Boston, placed sixth overall and became the first "Ironwoman". Lemaire finished her race in 12 hours 55 minutes and 38 seconds, only 1 hour 39 minutes and 42 seconds slower than

1855-504: The race in May 2025. 1.2 m Swim, 56 m Bike, 13.1 m Run The 1.2-mile (1.9 km) swim course began at the Lynch Ramp. The race started in waves, with the professional men, the professional women, age group men, age group women, and relay teams. Swimmers swam in a clockwise direction on a rectangular course. There were course marker buoys and lifeguards on kayaks lining the course. Swimmers exited

1908-573: The race, course dependent, with the race typically starting at 7:00 am. The mandatory cutoff time to complete the swim is 2 hours 20 minutes. The mandatory bike cut off time for when an athlete must have completed their swim, transition and bike varies generally between 10 hours and 10 hours 30 minutes from when an athlete began their swim. The mandatory run cutoff varies between 16 and 17 hours from when athlete began their swim. Many races will also have intermediate bike, run, and transition cut off times specific to each race venue. Any participant who completes

1961-616: The road and down the hill to the PowerBar turn-around point and at mile 10, then ran back up the hill and proceeded back on San Antonio Drive. Finally, athletes headed down Lynch Hill towards the finish chute and finish line. 1.5k Swim, 40k Bike, 10k Run The 1.5k (.93 mile) swim course began at the Lynch Ramp. There were more than 20 wave starts at 5-minute intervals beginning with collegiate men and women, age group men and women, Team in Training men and women, and relay teams. Swimmers would swim in

2014-622: The same distance as an Ironman triathlon but are not produced, owned, or licensed by the WTC. They include The Challenge Family series' Challenge Roth and the Norseman Triathlon . The event series is owned by The Ironman Group, which is owned by Advance Publications , following the acquisition from the Wanda Sports Group in August 2020. The idea for the original Ironman Triathlon arose during

2067-437: The shoulders from the continuous rotations. This could happen when there is no form or control in swimming. The neck will see some minor injury when you are only breathing from one side. Thermal injuries will occur when the athlete is dehydrated, hypathermic, and hypothermic. It is important to stay alert and listen to your body when there is unfamiliar pain or fatigue. There are over three dozen Ironman Triathlon races throughout

2120-399: The top of the hill they went back onto Interlake Road and then at the 50-mile (80 km) point made a right turn onto San Antonio Drive and headed back to the park. Finally, they descended Lynch Hill for the last descent. The 13.1-mile (21.1 km) run course was 60% trails and 40% roads. Triathletes would depart the transition area to the southwest and climb the Lynch Ramp stairs. Once on

2173-474: The trail below the resort store lawn athletes crossed the bridge and proceed down the beach access road through "Beach City." At the base of "Beach Hill" athletes continued straight off of the road and on to the trails along the shoreline until the Harris Creek campgrounds. After this, they followed the paved road as it turned right past the launch ramp for a short climb up the hill. At mile 3 they turned left onto

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2226-475: The trails along the shoreline. They followed the trails through Harris Creek campgrounds, and proceeded past the launch ramp parking lot and onto Lake San Antonio Drive. They turned right up San Antonio Drive and at the Beach Hill intersection triathletes left the road for trails and followed the fire access trail back to Lynch intersection. Finally, triathletes returned to the road and turned right down Lynch Hill to

2279-443: The transition area to the north and proceed directly up "Lynch Hill." On San Antonio Drive athletes headed out of the park and onto Interlake Road. On Interlake Road, triathletes proceeded over rolling hills to the turn-around point at mile 12.4. Triathletes would return to the park on the same roads. As they re-entered the park, riders turned left and headed down Lynch Hill and back to the transition area. The 10k (6.2 mile) run course

2332-798: The triathlon within these time constraints is designated an Ironman. The name "Ironman Triathlon" is also associated with the original Ironman triathlon that is now the Ironman World Championship . Held in Kailua-Kona , the world championship has been held annually in Hawaii since 1978 (with an additional race in 1982). Originally taking place in Oahu, the race moved to Kailua-Kona in 1981 and it continues today. The Ironman World Championship has become known for its grueling length, harsh race conditions, and television coverage . There are other races that are

2385-425: The triathlon. These closures were based upon the start time of the last individual age group wave and were for the safety of participants and volunteers. There were no course closures for the mountain bike event. The current course records are held by Terenzo Bozzone and Heather Jackson . In 2006, Bozzone completed the half-Ironman distance in 3 hours, 53 minutes and 43 seconds, while Jackson posted

2438-537: The water to rest without being disqualified. Andrew Messick, CEO of the World Triathlon Corporation, wanted the Swim Smart Initiative to ease the stress of the open swim and allowing athletes to be confident in the swim. Removing the "mass start" and conducting a "roll start" has been one of the major changes the organization has made. Over time the popularity of the sport of triathlon grew, and

2491-467: The water, went up the ramp, through the timing area and into the transition area. The course was 56 miles (90 km) long and was considered relatively difficult. Triathletes left the transition area to the north and made a quick left through the finish line chute. Athletes followed the road down Shoreline Drive to the beach area and as it turned right up "Beach Hill", a steep 1-mile (1.6 km) climb. The course proceeded onto San Antonio Drive and out of

2544-425: The winning time for the men's race. Collins planned on changing the race into a relay event to draw more participants, but Sports Illustrated's journalist Barry McDermott, in the area to cover a golf tournament, discovered the race and wrote a ten-page account of it. During the following year, hundreds of curious participants contacted Collins. In 1980 27-year old Dave Scott took the event by storm when he shattered

2597-524: The women's course record in 2018 with a winning time of 8 hours 26 minutes 18 seconds. Amateur triathletes can qualify for the World Championship through placement in one of the other Ironman series of races. Entry into the race can also be obtained through various contests and promotions, or through the Ironman Foundation's charitable eBay auction. Many studies have been conducted to enhance

2650-688: The word "Ironman". The Ironman format remains unchanged, and the Hawaiian Ironman is still regarded as an honored and prestigious triathlon event to win worldwide. For the 2024 Ironman Triathlon, the men's race will be held in Kona, Hawaii in October and the women's race will be held in Nice, France in September. People completing such an event within the strict event time cutoffs are agreed to be recognized as "Ironmen";

2703-448: The world that enable qualification for the Ironman World Championships. Professional athletes qualify for the championship through a point ranking system, where points are earned based on their final placement in Ironman and Ironman 70.3 events. The top 50 male and top 35 female professionals in points qualify for the championship. Amateur athletes qualify for the championship by receiving slots allocated to each age group's top finishers in

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2756-407: Was a combination of road and trails through campgrounds and challenging hills. Triathletes would depart the transition area to the southwest, and climb the Lynch Ramp stairs. Then they turned left on the trail below the resort store lawn. They crossed the bridge and proceeded down the beach access road through "Beach City." At the base of "Beach Hill," they continued straight off of the road and on to

2809-472: Was this exhortation: " Swim 2.4 miles! Bike 112 miles! Run 26.2 miles! Brag for the rest of your life ", now a registered trademark. With a nod to a local runner who was notorious for his demanding workouts, Collins said, "Whoever finishes first, we'll call him the Iron Man." Each of the racers had their own support crew to supply water, food and encouragement during the event. Of the fifteen men to start off in

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