37-474: Who See (also referred to as Who See? and Who See Klapa ) is a Montenegrin hip-hop duo from Kotor . Its members are Dedduh or Deda (Dejan Dedović), from Kotor, and Noyz (Mario Đorđević), from Herceg Novi . The group was created in the early 2000s, recording their first demo track titled "Dim po dim" (" Puff after puff "). Noyz and Dedduh had guest appearances on Serbian hip-hop compilation "Ulice vol.1", and Sve same barabe , an album by 43Zla . In 2007,
74-554: A similar portion of the state's diplomatic corps. Montenegrins were over-represented among Yugoslavia's elite, largely due to the pre-war strength of the Communist Party of Montenegro , the high proportion of Montenegrins among Partisan commanders and Central Committee members during the war, and a historically militaristic culture. During this period, ethnic Montenegrins also held about 15% of government jobs in Yugoslavia. As per
111-566: A total of 152,649 Montenegrins both held Montenegrin citizenship and resided outside of Montenegro. According to one triple analysis – autosomal , mitochondrial and paternal — of available data from large-scale studies on South Slavs and their proximal populations, the whole genome SNP data situates Montenegrins with Serbs in between two Balkan clusters. According to a 2020 autosomal marker analysis, Montenegrins are situated in between Serbs and Kosovo Albanians . Y-DNA genetic study done in 2010 on 404 male individuals from Montenegro gave
148-534: Is named after him) conquered parts of his territory. Stefan I Crnojević, who had already established himself as the head of the Crnojević (around 1451) in Upper Zeta was forced to make territorial concessions. In addition, Kosača took Stefan's son Ivan as a political hostage, hoping it would force Stefan to side with him whenever needed. Stefan married Mara , a daughter of a prominent Albanian Gjon Kastrioti , whose son
185-529: Is not possible to equate the people of Duklja with either Serbs or Croats, considering most historical Byzantian documents from that time. In the late 14th century, southern Montenegro ( Zeta ) came under the rule of the Balšić noble family , then the Crnojević noble family , and by the 15th century, Zeta was more often referred to as Crna Gora ( Venetian : Monte Negro ). The Crnojevići were driven out from Zeta by
222-523: Is the official language of Montenegro. Historically, the Montenegrin nation comprised many tribes . Most tribes formed in the 15th and 16th centuries, about the time when the Ottoman Empire established its control of the medieval state of Zeta . Today the tribes are mainly studied within the frameworks of social anthropology and family history , as they have not been used in official structures since
259-464: The Black Mountain ', pronounced [tsr̩nǒɡoːrtsi] or [tsr̩noɡǒːrtsi] ) are a South Slavic ethnic group that share a common ancestry, culture , history , and language , identified with the country of Montenegro . Montenegrins are mostly Orthodox Christians , but the population also includes Catholics , Muslims and irreligious people . The Montenegrin language
296-520: The Eurovision Song Contest 2013 held in Malmö . Their entry was the song " Igranka " with additional vocals by singer Nina Žižić . The song was performed as part of the first semi-final heat on Tuesday 14 May 2013 and failed to advance to the finals. Montenegrins (ethnic group) Montenegrins ( Montenegrin : Црногорци , romanized : Crnogorci , lit. 'People of
333-480: The Orthodox Cetinje Monastery , around which the capital, Cetinje , would emerge. Đurađ IV Crnojević became ruler of Zeta in 1490. His rule lasted until 1496. Đurađ, Ivan's oldest son, was an educated ruler. He is most famous for one historical act: he used the printing press brought to Cetinje by his father to print the first books in southeastern Europe, in 1493. The Crnojević printing press marked
370-517: The Republic of Venice and regained Bar in mid-1423, and in 1424 his nephew Đurađ Branković regained Drivast and Ulcinium ( Ulcinj ). With the death of Despot Stefan in 1427, his nephew Đurađ inherited the rule of Serbia. The most important roles in establishing this family's rule in Zeta were played by Stefan I Crnojević (1451–1465) and his son Ivan (1465–1490). Ivan's son Đurađ Crnojević (1490–1496)
407-628: The Sanjak-bey of Shkodra. His brothers, Đurađ and Stefan II , continued the struggle against the Ottomans. The historical facts are unclear and disputed, but it seems that the Venetians, frustrated by their inability to subdue the House of Crnojević to their interests, managed to kill Stefan II and deceitfully sent Đurađ to Constantinople. Principally, Đurađ visited Venice to work on the wide anti-Ottoman campaign but
SECTION 10
#1732890688919444-608: The Balkans during the sixth and seventh centuries. According to De Administrando Imperio , there existed three Serb polities on the territory of modern Montenegro: Duklja , roughly corresponding to the southern half; Travunia , the west; and the Principality of Serbia , the north. Duklja emerged as an independent state during the 11th century, initially held by the Vojislavljević dynasty , later to be conquered and incorporated into
481-505: The Crnojević press were printed in two colors, red and black, and were richly ornamented. They served as models for many books printed in Cyrillic . After the rule of Zeta was handed to Đurađ, his youngest brother, Staniša , with no chance to succeed his father, Ivan , went to Constantinople and converted to Islam , receiving the name of Skender. As a loyal servant of the Sultan, Staniša became
518-642: The Ottoman campaign in northern Albania and Bosnia convinced him that the main source of danger to his country was to the East, he sought a compromise with Venice. Ivan fought numerous battles against the Turks. Zeta and Venice fought against the Ottoman Empire. The war ended with the successful defense of Shkodra , where Venetian, Shkodran, and Zetan defenders fought off forces against Turkish Sultan Mehmed II and eventually won
555-654: The Ottomans and forced to retreat above the Bay of Kotor where they built a monastery and a royal court in Cetinje , the future royal capital of Montenegro, before eventually fleeing to Venice. Annexation of the Kingdom of Montenegro on November 13, 1918 gained international recognition only at the Conference of Ambassadors in Paris , held on July 13, 1922. Although Montenegrins comprised one of
592-480: The Venetians did not dare to help Ivan after their peace treaty with the Ottoman Empire in 1479. Left on his own, Ivan managed to preserve Zeta from frequent Ottoman offensives. Knowing that the Ottomans would try to punish him for fighting on the Venetian side, and to preserve his independence, in 1482 he moved his capital from Žabljak on Lake Skadar to the mountainous area of Dolac, under Mount Lovćen . There he built
629-418: The beginning of the printed word among South Slavs. The press operated from 1493 through 1496, turning out religious books, five of which have been preserved: Oktoih prvoglasnik , Oktoih petoglasnik , Psaltir , Molitvenik , and Četvorojevanđelje . Đurađ managed the printing of the books, wrote prefaces and afterwords, and developed sophisticated tables of Psalms with the lunar calendar . The books from
666-715: The census held from 3 to 28 December 2023, 34.52% of Montenegrin citizens say Montenegrin is their mother tongue. Most Ethnic Montenegrins are Eastern Orthodox , with the majority of them adhering to the Serbian Orthodox Church , while a minority of them adhere to the Montenegrin Orthodox Church , which is canonically unrecognised by the Eastern Orthodox Church . Zeta under the Crnojevi%C4%87i Zeta ( Serbian Cyrillic : Зета )
703-456: The death of Đurađ Crnojević, Zeta was ruled by his brother Stefan II , an Ottoman vassal. This marked the beginning of the end of the Crnojević family as rulers of Zeta. Zeta was administratively part of the Sanjak of Scutari from 1499 to 1514. During this period, while Brda and North-West of Montenegro were nominally independent, the part of Zeta under Mount Lovćen remained entirely independent. By
740-455: The end of the 15th century, Upper Zeta comprised the nahije of Katun , Rijeka , Crmnica , and Lješ . In 1514, the Sanjak of Montenegro was established by order of Sultan Bayezid II ; it was a separate sanjak with parts that were previously in the Sanjak of Scutari. Ivan Crnojević 's son Staniša converted to Islam and became "Skenderbeg" and was chosen as the first sanjakbey and governed
777-550: The following results: haplogroup I2a (29.7%), E-V13 (26.9%), R1b (9.4%), R1a (7.6%), I1 (6.1%), J2a1 (4.7%), J2b (4.4%), G2a (2.4%), Q (1.9%), I2b (1.7%), N (1.4%), H (1.4%), L (1.2%), and J1 (0.49%). A 2022 study on 267 samples from northeastern Montenegro found that the "most common haplogroups are I2 and R1b, both identified in 23.97% of samples, followed by E (22.47%), J2 (11.61%), I1 (6.74%), G2 (3.75%), R1a (3.37%), I1 (1.12%), G (1.12%), N (0.75%), C (0.37%), T1 (0.37%) and Q1 (0.37%)". Slavs settled in
SECTION 20
#1732890688919814-592: The group released their debut album, Sviranje kupcu . Among the guests on the album there are Bad Copy , Škabo from Beogradski Sindikat , Hornsman Coyote from Eyesburn and Rhino, a producer and MC from Podgorica . He authored some of the beats on the album and was the executive producer on all the tracks. Who See also collaborated with various artists, recording tracks with Sean Price , Ajs Nigrutin , Wikluh Sky , Prti Bee Gee, Krešo Bengalka, Kid Rađa, Frenkie , Random, Smoke Mardeljano, Kendi, Labia and fellow Eurovision alumnus Sergej Ćetković . Who See Klapa had
851-518: The honour to perform as the opening act of Kotor's 2008 Refresh Festival 's hip-hop category on opening day, 7 August. They opened at the hip-hop stage at the Maximus discothèque, their appearance scheduled for 00:00 (Midnight) local time. Their performance proved that it is not instant success that they have attained even outside of Montenegro's border. Their performance also successfully paved for their colleague, Serbian rapper Marčelo 's, performance, which
888-594: The last of the Crnojevićs ceded power to the bishop of Cetinje and retired to live in Venice. In Zeta, the position of the Metropolitan ( vladika , or prince-bishop ) substituted leadership of Zeta, and brought stability. The link between church and state elevated it in the eyes of the peasantry, gave it an institutionalized form of succession that prevented its becoming a matter of contest between minor chieftains, and excluded
925-507: The possibility of compromising alliances with the Ottomans. Upper Zeta later became known as " Montenegro " (meaning black mountain ) because the mountain realm, though isolated, was visible to Venetian-speaking merchants and seamen operating out of the ports of Cattaro (Kotor) and Ragusa (Dubrovnik) on the Dalmatian coast . Indeed, access to the region was only possible by way of the perilous Steps of Cattaro that twist their way steeply into
962-480: The sanjak until 1528. Despite Skenderbeg's emphasized cruelty, Ottomans did not have real power in Zeta. The real power was in the hands of tribal heads. From 1534 onwards, there is no more mention of the Crnojevićs in Zeta. They reappeared in history as Čarnojevićs ; the most prominent member was Arsenije III Čarnojević (1633–1706). Zeta was turned into a theocratic state by the Metropolitans of Zeta in 1516 when
999-517: The smallest ethnic groups in the state (2.5% in 1971), they were the most overrepresented ethnic group in the Yugoslav bureaucracy, military, and communist party organs. In the Yugoslav People's Army , 19% of general officers and 30% of colonels were ethnic Montenegrins. Among party elites, Montenegrins made up 16% to 21% of senior officials throughout the existence of communist Yugoslavia, and comprised
1036-600: The state of the Nemanjić dynasty . De Administrando Imperio does not mention which Slavic people lived in Duklja, but the state was considered to be one of the first Serb states, alongside Raška formed chiefly under the Vlastimirović and Vojislavljević dynasties respectively. Who exactly were the Slavic inhabitants of Duklja differs among authors, as other historians maintain that it
1073-506: The time (1852-1910) of the Principality of Montenegro , although some tribal regions overlap with contemporary municipal areas. The kinship groups give a sense of shared identity and descent. Outside of Montenegro and Europe , Montenegrins form diaspora groups in (for example) the United States , Canada , Australia and Argentina . It is estimated that around 600,000 Montenegrin-descended people reside outside of Montenegro. In 2023
1110-418: The tribes of Bjelopavlići , Pješivci , Malonšići , Piperi , Hoti , Kelmendi and others. The population of the territories controlled by Stefan was ca. 30,000, while the total population of the Zeta region (including territories under foreign rule) was ca. 80,000. Capitalising on the weak position of Despot Đurađ, the Venetians and Herzog Stjepan Vukčić Kosača of St. Sava (the region of Herzegovina
1147-539: The war in 1474 . However, the Ottomans besieged Shkodra again in 1478, with Mehmed II coming personally to lead that siege . After the Ottomans failed to take Shkodra by direct force, they assaulted Žabljak and took it without resistance. Venice ceded Shkodra to the sultan in 1479 in Treaty of Constantinople . Ivan had aspirations to organise an anti-Turkish alliance consisting of Napolitan , Venetian, Hungarian , and Zetan forces. However, his dream could not be fulfilled since
Who See - Misplaced Pages Continue
1184-522: Was due an hour after Who See?'s performance. In their free time, Dedduh and Noyz have worked on their own solo works. Dedduh recorded a single called " Kakav ćemo refren? " (" What kind of chorus [do we want]? ), featuring Serbian rapper Ajs Nigrutin. Meanwhile, Noyz recorded " Niđe hedova masnija ", featuring Ajs Nigrutin and Timbe. After winning MTV Adria award for Best regional Act RTCG announced in December 2012 that Who See would represent Montenegro in
1221-438: Was kept in captivity for some time while Stefan II was defending Zeta against the Ottomans. It is likely that upon his return to Zeta, Đurađ was kidnapped by the Venetian agents and sent to Constantinople under the accusation that he had been organizing a Holy War against Islam. There are some unreliable claims that Đurađ was given Anatolia to rule, but in any case, the reports about Đurađ's whereabouts ceased after 1503. After
1258-472: Was one of the Serbian medieval polities that existed between 1371 and 1496, whose territory encompassed parts of present-day Montenegro and northern Albania . The Crnojević noble family ruled the Principality of Zeta from 1451 until 1496. In 1421, before his death and under the influence of his mother Jelena , Balša III passed the rule of Zeta to Serbian Despot Stefan Lazarević . Despot Stefan fought
1295-480: Was the Albanian national hero, Skanderbeg . In 1455, Stefan entered into an agreement with his ally Venice, stipulating that Zeta would recognize the nominal supremacy of Venice while maintaining its factual independence in virtually every respect. The agreement also stipulated that Zeta would assist Venice militarily on specific occasions in exchange for an annual provision. But in all other respects, Stefan's rule in Zeta
1332-612: Was the last ruler from this dynasty. Stefan I Crnojević consolidated his power in Zeta and ruled for 14 years, from 1451 until 1465. During his rule, he saw the Despotate completely subdued by the Ottomans soon after the death of Despot Đurađ Branković. Under Stefan Crnojević, Zeta comprised the Lovćen area around Cetinje, 51 municipalities which included the Crnojević River , the Zeta valley , and
1369-420: Was undisputed. Ivan Crnojević became ruler of Zeta in 1465. His rule lasted until 1490. Immediately after taking the throne, Ivan attacked Venice, breaking the alliance his father had forged. He fought Venice in an attempt to capture Kotor . He had some success, gaining increasing support from the coastal Slavic tribes of Grbalj and Paštrovići in his quest to assert control over the Bay of Kotor . But when
#918081