71-444: Whigstreet is a village in the county of Angus, Scotland , between the towns of Forfar and Carnoustie . Nearby lie the remains of a temporary Roman marching camp dating to the third century AD. This Angus location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Angus, Scotland Angus ( Scots : Angus ; Scottish Gaelic : Aonghas ) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland , and
142-527: A lieutenancy area . The council area borders Aberdeenshire , Dundee City and Perth and Kinross . Main industries include agriculture and fishing . Global pharmaceuticals company GSK has a significant presence in Montrose in the east of the county. Angus was historically a province , and later a sheriffdom and county (called Forfarshire or the County of Forfar until 1928), bordering Kincardineshire to
213-543: A battle that lasted all day, the English finally forced them to break up and flee. There was probably a prolonged period of hard fighting before the invaders were finally defeated. According to the poem, the English "clove the shield-wall, hacked the war-lime, with hammers's leavings". "There lay many a soldier of the men of the north, shot over shield, taken by spears, likewise Scottish also, sated, weary of war". Wood states that all large battles were described in this manner, so
284-466: A large military and naval force in 934. Although the reason for this invasion is uncertain, John of Worcester stated that the cause was Constantine's violation of the peace treaty made in 927. Æthelstan evidently travelled through Beverley , Ripon , and Chester-le-Street . The army harassed the Scots up to Kincardineshire and the navy up to Caithness , but Æthelstan's force was never engaged. Following
355-462: A majority language in the Highlands and Hebrides until the 19th century. Angus Council are planning to raise the status of Gaelic in the county by adopting a series of measures, including bilingual road signage, communications, vehicle livery and staffing. Angus Council is the local authority for the area. The first election to Angus District Council was held in 1974, initially operating as
426-445: A miraculous restitution of Æthelstan's sword at the height of the battle. William Ketel 's De Miraculis Sancti Joannis Beverlacensis (early 12th century) relates how, in 937, Æthelstan left his army on his way north to fight the Scots at Brunanburh, and went to visit the tomb of Bishop John at Beverley to ask for his prayers in the forthcoming battle. In thanksgiving for his victory, Æthelstan gave certain privileges and rights to
497-530: A peace treaty, it became apparent that Æthelstan could be defeated only by an alliance of his enemies. Olaf led Constantine and Owen in the alliance. In August 937 Olaf and his army sailed from Dublin to join forces with Constantine and Owen, but they were routed in the battle against Æthelstan. The poem Battle of Brunanburh in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recounts that there were "never yet as many people killed before this with sword's edge ... since
568-489: A review of boundaries, with exclaves being transferred to a county they actually bordered, and parishes which straddled more than one county being adjusted such that each parish was entirely in a single county. There were several such changes affecting the boundaries of Forfarshire. Dundee was subsequently made a county of itself in 1894, also removing the city from Forfarshire for judicial and lieutenancy purposes. Arbroath, Brechin, Forfar and Montrose were brought within
639-577: A shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities until the new system came into force on 16 May 1975. A shadow authority was again elected in 1995 ahead of the change to council areas which came into force on 1 April 1996. Political control since 1975 has been as follows: The council's civic head is the Provost of Angus. There have been seven Provosts since its establishment in 1996 – Frances Duncan, Bill Middleton, Ruth Leslie-Melville, Helen Oswald, Alex King, Ronnie Proctor and Brian Boyd. The role of provost
710-419: Is a poetic and figurative term for the sea. Egil's Saga contains more detailed topographical information than any of the other medieval texts, although its usefulness as historical evidence is disputed. According to this account, Olaf's army occupied an unnamed fortified town north of a heath, with large inhabited areas nearby. Æthelstan's camp was pitched to the south of Olaf, between a river on one side and
781-582: Is a small airport at Dundee, which at present operates flights to London and Belfast. Arbroath is the largest town in the modern county, followed by Forfar , the county town and administrative centre, and Montrose . Largest settlements by population: 23,500 14,120 11,730 11,310 8,860 7,230 6,060 Battle of Brunanburh The Battle of Brunanburh was fought in 937 between Æthelstan , King of England , and an alliance of Olaf Guthfrithson , King of Dublin ; Constantine II , King of Scotland ; and Owain , King of Strathclyde . The battle
SECTION 10
#1732884589620852-608: Is divided into 8 wards: Council meetings are generally held at Forfar Town and County Hall at The Cross in the centre of Forfar. In 2007 the council moved its main offices to a new building called Angus House on Silvie Way in the Orchardbank Business Park on the outskirts of Forfar. The council also has offices in Arbroath . Previously the council's main offices had been at County Buildings , on Market Street in Forfar. When
923-563: Is largely ceremonial in Angus. Political leadership is instead provided by the leader of the council . The leaders since 1996 have been: Following the 2022 election and subsequent by-elections and changes of allegiance up to April 2024, the composition of the council was: Two of the independent councillors form part of the council's administration with the SNP. The next election is due in 2027. Election results since 1995 have been as follows: Angus
994-501: Is not a historically reliable narrative. Pseudo-Ingulf 's Ingulfi Croylandensis Historia (ca. 1400) recounts that: the Danes of Northumbria and Norfolk entered into a confederacy [against Æthelstan], which was joined by Constantine, king of the Scots, and many others; on which [Æthelstan] levied an army and led it into Northumbria. On his way, he was met by many pilgrims returning homeward from Beverley… [Æthelstan] offered his poniard upon
1065-585: Is represented by two MPs for the UK Parliament . Angus is represented by two constituency MSPs for the Scottish Parliament . In addition to the two constituency MSPs, Angus is also represented by seven MSPs for the North East Scotland electoral region. The Edinburgh-Aberdeen railway line runs along the coast, through Dundee and the towns of Monifieth, Carnoustie, Arbroath and Montrose. There
1136-606: Is sometimes cited as the point of origin for English national identity : historians such as Michael Livingston argue that "the men who fought and died on that field forged a political map of the future that remains, arguably making the Battle of Brunanburh one of the most significant battles in the long history not just of England, but of the whole of the British Isles." Following an unchallenged invasion of Scotland by Æthelstan in 934, possibly launched because Constantine had violated
1207-565: Is spoken by 0.45% of the Angus population. This, similar to other lowland areas, is lower than the national average of 1.16%. These figures are self-reported and are not broken down into levels of fluency. Meanwhile, the 2011 census found that 38.4% of the population in Angus can speak Scots , above the Scottish average of 30.1%. This puts Angus as the council area with the sixth highest proficiency in Scots, behind only Shetland , Orkney , Moray , Aberdeenshire , and East Ayrshire . Historically,
1278-615: Is the Old English poem "Battle of Brunanburh" in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (version A), which was written within two decades of the battle. The poem relates that Æthelstan and Edmund's army of West Saxons and Mercians fought at Brunanburh against the Vikings under Anlaf (i.e. Olaf Guthfrithson) and the Scots under Constantine. After a fierce battle lasting all day, five young kings, seven of Anlaf's earls, and countless others were killed in
1349-401: Is the “ Battle of Brunanburh ” poem in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (version A), written within two decades of the battle, which names the battlefield location as “ ymbe Brunanburh ” (around Brunanburh). Many other medieval sources contain variations on the name Brunanburh, such as Brune , Brunandune , Et Brunnanwerc , Bruneford , Cad Dybrunawc Duinbrunde and Brounnyngfelde . It
1420-472: Is thought that the recurring element Brun- could be a personal name, a river name, or the Old English or Old Norse word for a spring or stream. Less mystery surrounds the suffixes –burh/–werc, -dun, -ford and –feld, which are the Old English words for a fortification, low hill, ford, and open land respectively. Not all the place-names contain the Brun- element, however. Symeon of Durham (early 12th C) gives
1491-498: Is unknown; many possible locations have been proposed by scholars. After Æthelstan defeated the Vikings at York in 927, King Constantine of Scotland, King Hywel Dda of Deheubarth , Ealdred I of Bamburgh , and King Owen I of Strathclyde (or Morgan ap Owain of Gwent) accepted Æthelstan's overlordship at Eamont , near Penrith . Æthelstan became King of England and there was peace until 934. Æthelstan invaded Scotland with
SECTION 20
#17328845896201562-472: Is unsurprising in an area of Viking activity: it is not evidence for a battle, let alone any particular battle. In an article in Notes and Queries in 2022, Michael Deakin questions the philological case for Bromborough as Brunanburh , suggesting that the first element in the name is 'brown' and not 'Bruna'. Bromborough would therefore be 'the brown [stone-built] manor or fort'. The corollary of this argument being
1633-594: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle says that the invaders fled over deep water on Dingesmere , perhaps meaning an area of the Irish Sea or an unidentified lake or river. Deakin noted that the term ding had been used in the Old English Andreas (poem) where it is suggested to have been used metaphorically for a grave and/or Hell. His analysis of the context of lines 53–56 of the Brunanburh poem suggest to him that dingesmere
1704-537: The Chronicle of Melrose (late 12th C) and Robert Mannyng of Brunne's Chronicle (1338) all state that Olaf's fleet entered the mouth of the Humber, while Robert of Gloucester 's Metrical Chronicle (late 13th C) says the invading army arrived "south of the Humber". Peter of Langtoft 's Chronique (ca. 1300) states the armies met at “ Bruneburgh on the Humber ”, while Robert Mannyng of Brunne's Chronicle (1338) claims
1775-520: The Declaration of Arbroath at Arbroath Abbey in 1320 marked Scotland's establishment as an independent nation. Partly on this basis, Angus is marketed as the birthplace of Scotland. It is an area of rich history from Pictish times onwards. Notable historic sites in addition to Arbroath Abbey include Glamis Castle , Arbroath Signal Tower museum and the Bell Rock Lighthouse , described as one of
1846-703: The Seven Wonders of the Industrial World . Angus was one of the ancient provinces of Scotland, under the authority of the Mormaer or Earl of Angus . From at least the thirteenth century the area formed the basis for a shire (the area administered by a sheriff ) based in Forfar: the Sheriff of Forfar . Over time, Scotland's shires became more significant than the old provinces, with more administrative functions being given to
1917-525: The Sidlaws ) bordering the sea; this area is well populated, with the larger towns. In between lies Strathmore ( the Great Valley ), which is a fertile agricultural area noted for the growing of potatoes, soft fruit and the raising of Aberdeen Angus cattle. Montrose in the north east of the county is notable for its tidal basin and wildlife. Angus's coast is fairly regular, the most prominent features being
1988-677: The souterrain nearby Warddykes cemetery and at West Grange of Conan, as well as the better-known examples at Carlungie and Ardestie. The county is traditionally associated with the Pictish territory of Circin , which is thought to have encompassed Angus and the Mearns . Bordering it were the kingdoms of Cé (Mar and Buchan) to the North, Fotla (Atholl) to the West, and Fib (Fife) to the South. The most visible remnants of
2059-437: The 2001 census, the population of Angus was recorded as 108,400. 20.14% were under the age of 16, 63.15% were between 16 and 65 and 18.05% were aged 65 or above. Of the 16 to 74 age group, 32.84% had no formal qualifications, 27.08% were educated to 'O' Grade/Standard Grade level, 14.38% to Higher level, 7.64% to HND or equivalent level and 18.06% to degree level. The most recent available census results (2001) show that Gaelic
2130-482: The Angles and Saxons came here from the east...seized the country". The Annals of Ulster describe the battle as "great, lamentable and horrible" and record that "several thousands of Norsemen ... fell". Among the casualties were five kings and seven earls from Olaf's army. The poem records that Constantine lost several friends and family members in the battle, including his son. The largest list of those killed in
2201-412: The Battle of Brunanburh. Egil's Saga contains information not found in other sources, such as military engagements prior to the battle, Æthelstan's use of Viking mercenaries, the topology of the battlefield, the position of Anlaf's and Æthelstan's headquarters, and the tactics and unfolding of events during the battle. Historians such as Sarah Foot argue that Egil's Saga may contain elements of truth but
Whigstreet - Misplaced Pages Continue
2272-619: The Pictish age are the numerous sculptured stones that can be found throughout Angus. Of particular note are the collections found at Aberlemno , St Vigeans , Kirriemuir and Monifieth . Angus is first recorded as one of the provinces of Scotland in 937, when Dubacan , the Mormaer of Angus , is recorded in the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba as having died at the Battle of Brunanburh . The signing of
2343-617: The Roman road across the Lancashire plains between Carlisle and Manchester , with Olaf's forces joining them on the way. Deakin argues against a western passage for the coalition army by demonstrating that on the few occasions Scottish armies had crossed into England, they had used the Stainmore Pass or Dere Street and were engaged in battle to the east of the Pennines. Livingston speculates that
2414-487: The Scots, men of Cumberland , Welsh and Picts at "Bruneswerce". The Chronica de Mailros (1173–4) repeats Symeon of Durham's information that Anlaf arrived with 615 ships, but adds that he entered the mouth of the river Humber . Egil's Saga is an Icelandic saga written in Old Norse in 1220–40, which recounts a battle at "Vínheidi" (Vin-heath) by "Vínuskóga" (Vin-wood); it is generally accepted that this refers to
2485-461: The administrative area of the county council in 1930, although Arbroath was classed as a large burgh , allowing its council to continue to deliver most local government functions itself. In May 1928 the county council resolved to use the name 'Angus' for the area rather than the 'County of Forfar'. The council petitioned the government to officially change the name too. The government responded by directing all departments to use Angus, but noted that
2556-528: The alternative name Weondune (or Wendune ) for the battle site, while the Annals of Clonmacnoise say the battle took place on the “ plaines of othlyn ” Egil's Saga names the locations Vínheiðr and Vínuskóga . Few medieval texts refer to a known place, although the Humber estuary is mentioned by several sources. John of Worcester 's Chronicon (early 12th C), Symeon of Durham 's Historia Regum (mid-12th C),
2627-448: The battle is contained in the Annals of Clonmacnoise , which names several kings and princes. A large number of English also died in the battle, including two of Æthelstan's cousins, Ælfwine and Æthelwine. The battle of Brunanburh is mentioned or alluded to in over forty Anglo-Saxon, Irish, Welsh, Scottish, Norman and Norse medieval texts. One of the earliest and most informative sources
2698-476: The battle of Brunanburh occurred in early October of that year. According to Paul Cavill, the invading armies raided Mercia , from which Æthelstan obtained Saxon troops as he travelled north to meet them. Michael Wood wrote that no source mentions any intrusion into Mercia. Livingston thinks that the invading armies entered England in two waves, Constantine and Owen coming from the north, possibly engaging in some skirmishes with Æthelstan's forces as they followed
2769-410: The battle site at Brunanburh was chosen in agreement with Æthelstan, on which "there would be one fight, and to the victor went England". The battle resulted in an overwhelming victory for Æthelstan's army. The main source of information is the poem " Battle of Brunanburh " in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle . After travelling north through Mercia, Æthelstan's army met the invading forces at Brunanburh. In
2840-531: The battle was fought at “ Brunesburgh on Humber ”. Pseudo-Ingulf (ca. 1400) says that as Æthelstan led his army into Northumbria (i.e. north of the Humber) he met on his way many pilgrims coming home from Beverley . Hector Boece 's Historia (1527) claims that the battle was fought by the River Ouse , which flows into the Humber estuary. Few other geographical hints are contained in the medieval sources. The poem in
2911-480: The church at Beverley. According to Symeon of Durham 's Libellus de exordio (1104–15): John of Worcester 's Chronicon ex chronicis (early 12th century) was an influential source for later authors and compilers. It corresponds closely to the description of the battle in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, but adds that: Another influential work, Gesta regum Anglorum by William of Malmesbury (1127) adds
Whigstreet - Misplaced Pages Continue
2982-476: The county council was established in 1890 the name County Buildings was used for the Forfar Sheriff Court , built 1871, which was the council's first meeting place. The council later moved its main offices into the adjoining converted former prison of 1843, which subsequently became known as County Buildings instead. County Buildings continued to serve as the headquarters of the county council until 1975 and
3053-462: The county council. The county council held its first official meeting on 22 May 1890 at the County Buildings (now known as Forfar Sheriff Court), the county's main courthouse, which also served as the meeting place for the commissioners of supply. Robert Haldane-Duncan, 3rd Earl of Camperdown , a Liberal peer, was appointed the first chairman of the county council. The 1889 Act also led to
3124-599: The description in the poem is not unique to Brunanburh. Æthelstan and his army pursued the invaders until the end of the day, slaying great numbers of enemy troops. Olaf fled and sailed back to Dublin with the remnants of his army and Constantine escaped to Scotland; Owain's fate is not mentioned. According to the poem: "Then the Northmen, bloody survivors of darts, disgraced in spirit, departed on Ding's Mere, in nailed boats over deep water, to seek out Dublin, and their [own] land again." Never has there been greater slaughter "since
3195-521: The detail that Danes living in England had joined Anlaf's army. Michael Wood argues that this, together with a similar remark in the Annals of Clonmacnoise , suggests that Anlaf and his allies had established themselves in a centre of Anglo-Scandinavian power prior to the battle. The mid-12th century text Estoire des Engleis , by the Anglo-Norman chronicler Geoffrey Gaimar , says that Æthelstan defeated
3266-563: The detail that Æthelstan "purposely held back", letting Anlaf advance "far into England". Michael Wood argues that, in a twelfth-century context, "far into England" could mean anywhere in southern Northumbria or the North Midlands . William of Malmesbury further states that Æthelstan raised 100,000 soldiers. He is at variance with Symeon of Durham in calling Anlaf "son of Sihtric ” and asserting that Constantine himself had been slain. Henry of Huntingdon 's Historia Anglorum (1133) adds
3337-518: The dominant language in Angus was Pictish until the sixth to seventh centuries AD when the area became progressively gaelicised, with Pictish extinct by the mid-ninth century. Gaelic/ Middle Irish began to retreat from lowland areas in the late-eleventh century and was absent from the Eastern lowlands by the fourteenth century. It was replaced there by Middle Scots , the contemporary local South Northern dialect of Modern Scots , while Gaelic persisted as
3408-518: The early names of Bromborough cannot be derived from Old English Brunanburh . Michael Wood (historian) , in an article in Notes and Queries in 2017, discusses the alternative spelling Brunnanburh 'the burh at the spring or stream', found in several Anglo-Saxon Chronicle manuscripts. The medieval texts employ a plethora of alternative names for the site of the battle, which historians have attempted to link to known places. The earliest relevant document
3479-454: The east Angles and Saxons came up over the broad sea". Æthelstan's victory preserved the unity of England. The historian Æthelweard wrote around 975 that "[t]he fields of Britain were consolidated into one, there was peace everywhere, and abundance of all things". Alfred Smyth has called the battle "the greatest single battle in Anglo-Saxon history before Hastings ". The site of the battle
3550-407: The enclosure is unknown, but may have been for agriculture or for ceremonial purposes. Bronze Age archaeology is to be found in abundance in the area. Examples include the short-cist burials found near West Newbigging, about a mile to the North of the town. These burials included pottery urns, a pair of silver discs and a gold armlet. Iron Age archaeology is also well represented, for example in
3621-628: The field is being kept secret to protect it from nighthawks . As of 2020, they are seeking funds to pursue their research further. The military historian Michael Livingston argues in his 2021 book Never Greater Slaughter that Wirral Archaeology's case for Bromborough is conclusive, but this claim is criticised in a review of the book by Thomas Williams. He accepts that Bromborough is the only surviving place name which originates in Old English Brunanburh , but says that there could have been others. He comments that evidence of military metal working
SECTION 50
#17328845896203692-478: The greatest slaughter since the Anglo-Saxon invasions. Anlaf and a small band of men escaped by ship over Dingesmere (or Ding's Mere) to Dublin. Constantine's son was killed, and Constantine fled home. Another very early source, the Irish Annals of Ulster , calls the battle "a huge war, lamentable and horrible". It notes Anlaf's return to Dublin with a few men the following year, associated with an event in
3763-420: The headlands of Scurdie Ness and Buddon Ness . The main bodies of water in the county are Loch Lee , Loch Brandy , Carlochy , Loch Wharral , Den of Ogil Reservoir , Loch of Forfar , Loch Fithie , Rescobie Loch , Balgavies Loch , Crombie Reservoir , Monikie Reservoirs , Long Loch , Lundie Loch , Loch of Kinnordy , Loch of Lintrathen , Backwater Reservoir , Auchintaple Loch , Loch Shandra . In
3834-638: The holy altar [at Beverley], and made a promise that, if the lord would grant him victory over his enemies, he would redeem the said poniard at a suitable price, which he accordingly did…. In the battle which was fought on this occasion there fell Constantine, king of Scots, and five other kings, twelve earls, and an infinite number of the lower classes, on the side of the barbarians. The Annals of Clonmacnoise (an early medieval Irish chronicle of unknown date that survives only in an English translation from 1627 ) states that: The Annals of Clonmacnoise records 34,800 Viking and Scottish casualties, including Ceallagh
3905-818: The invasion of Scotland, it became apparent that Æthelstan could only be defeated by an allied force of his enemies. The leader of the alliance was Olaf Guthfrithson , King of Dublin, joined by Constantine II, King of Scotland and Owen , King of Strathclyde. (According to John of Worcester , Constantine was Olaf's father-in-law.) Though they had all been enemies in living memory, historian Michael Livingston points out that "they had agreed to set aside whatever political, cultural, historical, and even religious differences they might have had in order to achieve one common purpose: to destroy Æthelstan". In August 937, Olaf sailed from Dublin with his army to join forces with Constantine and Owen and in Livingston's opinion this suggests that
3976-401: The late 900s, said that the battle was "still called the 'great battle' by the common people" and that "[t]he fields of Britain were consolidated into one, there was peace everywhere, and abundance of all things". The location of the battlefield is unknown and has been the subject of lively debate among historians since at least the 17th century. Over forty locations have been proposed, from
4047-533: The legal name would remain Forfar until such time as it could be changed by statute. The statutory change of name from Forfar to Angus eventually took place in 1947 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1947 . Angus County Council was abolished in 1975 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 , which replaced Scotland's counties, burghs and landward districts with a two-tier structure of upper-tier regions and lower-tier districts . A new Angus district
4118-472: The local authority has been Angus Council . The name "Angus" indicates the territory of the eighth-century Pictish king, Óengus I . The area that now comprises Angus has been occupied since at least the Neolithic period . Material taken from postholes from an enclosure at Douglasmuir, near Friockheim , about five miles north of Arbroath has been radiocarbon dated to around 3500 BC. The function of
4189-526: The long history not just of England but of the whole of the British isles". The battle was called "the greatest single battle in Anglo-Saxon history before the Hastings " by Alfred Smyth , who nonetheless says its consequences beyond Æthelstan's reign have been overstated. Alex Woolf describes it as a pyrrhic victory for Æthelstan: the campaign against the northern alliance ended in a stalemate , his control of
4260-503: The north and west, the topography is mountainous. This is the area of the Grampian Mountains , Mounth hills and Five Glens of Angus , which is sparsely populated and where the main industry is hill farming . Glas Maol – the highest point in Angus at 1,068 m (3,504 ft) – can be found here, on the tripoint boundary with Perthshire and Aberdeenshire. To the south and east the topography consists of rolling hills (such as
4331-653: The north declined, and after he died Olaf acceded to the Kingdom of Northumbria without resistance. In 954 however the Norse lost their territory in York and Northumbria , with the death of Eric Bloodaxe . Æthelstan's ambition to unite the island had failed; the Kingdoms of Scotland and Strathclyde regained their independence, and Great Britain remained divided for centuries to come, Celtic north from Anglo-Saxon south. Æthelweard , writing in
SECTION 60
#17328845896204402-534: The north-east, Aberdeenshire to the north and Perthshire to the west; southwards it faced Fife across the Firth of Tay . The county included Dundee until 1894, when it was made a county of a city . The pre-1894 boundaries of Angus continue to be used as a registration county . Between 1975 and 1996 Angus was a lower-tier district within the Tayside region. The district took on its modern form and powers in 1996, since when
4473-422: The older term 'shire'. Elected county councils were established in 1890 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 , taking most of the functions of the commissioners (which were eventually abolished in 1930). The county's five largest burghs , being Arbroath , Brechin , Dundee , Forfar , and Montrose , were deemed capable of managing their own affairs and so were excluded from the administrative area of
4544-416: The prince of Scotland (Constantine's son) and nine other named men. Æthelstan's victory prevented the dissolution of England, but it failed to unite the island: Scotland and Strathclyde remained independent. Foot writes that "[e]xaggerating the importance of this victory is difficult". Livingston writes that the battle was "the moment when Englishness came of age" and "one of the most significant battles in
4615-451: The same area as the new district was created at the same time. Further local government reforms in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 saw the regions and districts created in 1975 abolished and replaced with council areas providing all local government services. Angus district became one of the new council areas, taking on the functions of the abolished Tayside Regional Council. The council area regained Monifieth and
4686-493: The sheriffs. The older territory called Angus was therefore gradually eclipsed in legal importance by the shire of Forfar (or Forfarshire) which covered the same area. In 1667 Commissioners of Supply were established for each shire, which would serve as the main administrative body for the area until the creation of county councils in 1890. Following the Acts of Union in 1707, the English term 'county' came to be used interchangeably with
4757-528: The southwest of England to Scotland, although most historians agree that a location in Northern England is the most plausible. Wirral Archaeology, a local volunteer group, believes that it may have identified the site of the battle near Bromborough on the Wirral . They found a field with a heavy concentration of artifacts which may be a result of metal working in a tenth-century army camp. The location of
4828-470: The spring. In its only entry for 937, the mid/late 10th-century Welsh chronicle Annales Cambriae laconically states "war at Brune". Æthelweard 's Chronicon (ca. 980) says that the battle at "Brunandune" was still known as "the great war" to that day, and no enemy fleet had attacked the country since. Eadmer of Canterbury 's Vita Odonis (very late 11th century) is one of at least six medieval sources to recount Oda of Canterbury 's involvement in
4899-841: The successor Angus District Council from 1975 to 1996. County Buildings continues to be used as secondary offices by the modern Angus Council. As of 2018 Angus is divided into 25 community council areas and all apart from Friockheim district have an active council. The areas are: Aberlemno ; Auchterhouse ; Carnoustie ; City of Brechin & District ; Ferryden & Craig ; Friockheim & District ; Glamis ; Hillside, Dun, & Logie Pert ; Inverarity ; Inveresk ; Kirriemuir ; Kirriemuir Landward East ; Kirriemuir Landward West ; Letham & District ; Lunanhead & District ; Monifieth ; Monikie & Newbigging ; Montrose ; Muirhead , Birkhill and Liff ; Murroes & Wellbank ; Newtyle & Eassie ; Royal Burgh of Arbroath ; Royal Burgh of Forfar ; Strathmartine ; and Tealing . Angus
4970-465: The villages north of Dundee as part of the same reforms. The Angus lieutenancy area was adjusted to match the new council area in 1996. The Lord Lieutenant of Angus is appointed by the monarch. The boundaries of the historic county of Angus (as it was prior to the removal of Dundee in 1894) are still used for some limited official purposes connected with land registration, being a registration county . Angus can be split into three geographic areas. To
5041-465: Was created covering most of the pre-1975 county, with the exceptions being that Monifieth and a number of villages immediately north of Dundee were transferred to an enlarged City of Dundee district, and Kettins was transferred to Perth and Kinross . Angus District Council was a lower-tier district level authority subordinate to the Tayside Regional Council . A lieutenancy area covering
#619380