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111-632: The University of South Australia is a public research university based in Adelaide , South Australia . Established in 1991, it is the successor of the former South Australian Institute of Technology. Its main campuses along North Terrace are adjacent to the Australian Space Agency in Lot Fourteen and forms part of the Adelaide BioMed City research precinct. It also has a presence in

222-709: A higher reputation domestically and globally . The University Grants Committee funds eight public universities in Hong Kong . The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts also receives funding from the government . There are four self-financing universities, namely Hong Kong Metropolitan University , Hong Kong Shue Yan University , Hang Seng University of Hong Kong , and Saint Francis University . In India , most universities and nearly all research institutions are public. Some private undergraduate colleges exist but most are engineering schools that are affiliated with public universities. Private schools can be partially aided by

333-673: A university institute , and a distance university in Portugal . Higher education in Portugal provided by state-run institutions is not free; students must pay a tuition fee. However, the tuition fee is lower than that of private universities. The highest tuition fee allowed by law in public universities is €697 per year as of 2022. Public universities include some of the most selective and demanding higher learning institutions in Portugal. In Russia , about 7.5 million students study in thousands of universities. Founded in 1755, Moscow State University

444-700: A 1,600 square metres (17,000 sq ft) convertible great hall that can be used for both sports or hosting events with up to 2,000 attendees. It was funded largely by alumni, including its namesake Andrew Pridham and his family who donated A$ 5 million toward its construction. Other buildings on the east end include the Kaurna Building, Barbara Hanrahan Building, Yungondi Building, Lewis O’Brien Building, Elton Mayo Building, David Pank Building, Catherine Helen Spence Building, Dorrit Black Building, Way Lee Building, Sir George Kingston Building, Sir Hans Heysen Building, Rowland Rees Building, Liverpool Street Studios and

555-447: A Samsung SMARTSchool and the de Lissa Institute of Early Childhood and Family Studies named after Montessori education pioneer Lillian Daphne de Lissa . The parkland campus includes the heritage-listed Murray House, named after Scottish-born pastoralist Alexander Borthwick Murray . Built in 1884 and later expanded, the stone building incorporates Victorian-era Italianate and Gothic Revival architecture styles. According to legend,

666-511: A blonde girl or young woman in Victorian-era attire named May supposedly haunts the manor, scaring patrons from the balcony or stairways. The urban myth , one of many supposed Ghosts of Murray Park , are akin to the white lady phenomenon in other parts of the world. The house replaced an earlier home built in 1854. As part of the merger, the entirety of the campus has been sold for housing and commercial re-development. Approximately half of

777-527: A few private institutions of higher learning, such as the National College of Ireland . However, none of the private institutions have university status and are highly specialized. Almost all universities in Italy are public but have institutional autonomy by law. The Italian state provides the majority of university funding. Therefore, students pay relatively low tuition fees, set by each university according to

888-1249: A handful of community colleges. In 2008, the Philippine Congress passed Republic Act 9500, declaring the University of the Philippines as the national university to distinguish it from all other state universities and colleges. Other notable public colleges and universities include the Polytechnic University of the Philippines , Technological University of the Philippines , Philippine Normal University , Batangas State University , and Mindanao State University . There are six autonomous public universities in Singapore , including National University of Singapore founded in 1905, Nanyang Technological University founded 1981, Singapore Management University founded in 2000, Singapore University of Technology and Design and Singapore Institute of Technology founded in 2009, and Singapore University of Social Sciences founded in 2017. In Sri Lanka , there are seventeen public universities. Most public universities are funded by

999-483: A hide belt gifted by former President Ronald Reagan , the jacket he wore to the 1983 America's Cup celebrations, a replica of a Panther Model 100 motorcycle that he crashed as a university student and several prime ministerial briefcases. The library, which was expanded following his death in 2019, is located in the Hawke Centre. The Mawson Lakes and Magill campuses also have their own libraries. The university

1110-525: A low-interest loan from the Higher Education Loan Board; students must pay back the loan after completing their higher education. In Nigeria , both the federal and state governments may establish public universities. South Africa has 26 public universities which are members of Universities in South Africa. These are categorized as traditional or comprehensive universities. In Tunisia ,

1221-631: A national institution in 1926, the Academy of Athens is the highest research establishment in Greece. Private higher education institutions cannot operate in Greece and are not recognized as degree-awarding bodies by the Greek government. In Ireland , nearly all universities, institutes of technology, colleges, and some third-level institutions are public. The state pays the cost of educating undergraduates, although students must contribute approximately €3,000. There are

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1332-472: A new exercise physiology clinic, outdoor walkways, student lounges and other upgrades. Some other notable buildings on the east end of the campus include the Playford Building, Bonython Jubilee Building and Centenary Building. The City West campus is located on the west end of North Terrace . As the university had expanded to the west end of North Terrace over several decades following its establishment,

1443-564: A number of disciplinary-specific research institutes and centres in partnership with other research institutions and private enterprises. Notable examples include: There are currently five libraries located across five campuses, excluding Mount Gambier . Established in 1903, the David Murray Library is located in the Brookman Building. It is named after Scottish-born merchant and politician David Murray who donated £2000 towards

1554-672: A number of schools, some of which are state run, and some of which are private: In Australia, Scottish names make up 17 per cent of all non-Indigenous placenames. Many are of Lowland origins, but Highland names are also common in areas of concentrated Highland settlement. There are also many other landscape features, properties, and streets in Australia with Scottish origins. Notable Scottish placenames in Australia include: Many places in Australia have been named in Macquarie's honour (some of these were named by Macquarie himself). They include: At

1665-550: A period of high population growth and corresponding demand for secondary and tertiary education. This sector ceased to exist when, between 1989 and 1992, the Hawke-Keating government implemented the sweeping reforms of Education Minister John Dawkins that dismantled the binary system. The states, eager for increased education funding, merged the colleges either with existing universities or with each other to form new universities. Following its expansion and increasing autonomy from

1776-470: A poor reputation, most were convicted of minor property offences and represented a broad cross-section of Scotland's working classes. As such, they brought a range of useful skills to the colonies. From 1793 to 1795, a group of political prisoners later called the ' Scottish Martyrs ', were transported to the colonies. They were not all Scots, but had been tried in Scotland. Their plight as victims of oppression

1887-547: A revenue of A$ 715.47 million (2022 – A$ 667.5 million ), an expenditure of A$ 732.66 million (2022 – A$ 675.49 million ) and net assets of A$ 1.46 billion (2022 – A$ 1.48 billion ). The university is currently a member of the Australian Technology Network , a coalition of technology-focussed Australian universities, but is expected to join the Group of Eight following its merger with the University of Adelaide . It

1998-573: A university, not a college, can issue doctorate degrees in Israel. In Japan , public universities are run by local governments, either prefectural or municipal. According to the Ministry of Education , public universities have "provided an opportunity for higher education in a region and served the central role of intellectual and cultural base for the local community in the region" and are "expected to contribute to social, economical and cultural development in

2109-531: A year and have to retake them, pay a partial or full tuition fee, ranging from €500 to €2000 per year. Private universities have existed in Serbia since 1989 but are held in less esteem because they are generally less academically rigorous than the public universities. Of the 74 universities in Spain , 54 are public and funded by the autonomous community in which they are based. University funding differs by region. However,

2220-448: Is a university or college that is owned by the state or receives significant funding from a government. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country (or region) to another, largely depending on the specific education landscape. In contrast a private university is usually owned and operated by a private corporation (not-for-profit or for profit). Both types are often regulated, but to varying degrees, by

2331-563: Is a close partner with the Australian Space Agency , whose national headquarters is located adjacently on Lot Fourteen , and its City East campus forms part of the Adelaide BioMed City research precinct. The Mawson Lakes campus is also adjacent to the Adelaide Technology Park which is home to the Australian offices of Lockheed Martin , Raytheon , Northrop Grumman , General Dynamics , Saab among other multinational companies in

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2442-562: Is a public research university and the most prestigious university in Russia. Saint Petersburg State University is a state-owned university that was founded in 1724; it is managed by the government of the Russian Federation . In Serbia , over 85% of college students study at state-operated public universities. Academically well-performing students pay only administrative fees of less than €100 per year. Students who fail multiple classes in

2553-474: Is expected to become operational by January 2026, with an additional transitional period extending to 2034. It is projected to have 70,000 students at launch, with one-in-four students being international students, and contribute approximately A$ 4.7 billion to the Australian economy annually. The amalgamation has been subject to mixed reactions . The university has six campuses in South Australia including

2664-466: Is home to several museums, galleries and other exhibitions. These include: MOD. (Museum of Discovery) is described as "a futuristic museum of discovery" featuring exhibitions designed by researchers to showcase "how research shapes our understanding of the world around us to inform our futures". It is located in the Bradley Building. The Samstag Museum of Art is a contemporary art gallery located at

2775-572: Is located in Mount Gambier , the largest regional city in South Australia . The campus also conducts research on forest management . The establishment of academic units is formally the responsibility of its University Council. The university is divided into seven academic units. These include: The main governing body of the institution is its Council. It is the executive committee responsible for managing operations, setting policies and appointing

2886-659: Is named after former prime minister Bob Hawke and was constructed in 2007. It is also home to the Bob Hawke Prime Ministerial Centre, Kerry Packer Civic Gallery, Samstag Museum , the Allan Scott Auditorium with a seating capacity of 400 seats and the Bradley Forum with 150 seats. The adjacent Jeffrey Smart Building, named after artist Jeffrey Smart , was constructed in 2014. It is a student hub that comprises "open plan" teaching and learning spaces,

2997-594: Is one of the oldest art schools in Australia, and the oldest public art school. The SASA Gallery in the Kuarna Building, which showcases creative works by students and researchers, is the modern descendant of the school. The Jubilee Exhibition Building was also the birthplace of the South Australian Institute of Technology which was established in 1889 as the SA School of Mines and Industries. It moved to

3108-633: The City East and City West campuses along North Terrace , a tech-oriented campus in Mawson Lakes , the Magill campus specialising in social sciences and two regional campuses in Mount Gambier and Whyalla . Its academic activities are currently divided between the seven academic units. In 2023, the university had a revenue of A$ 715.5 million . It is a member of the Australian Technology Network , an association of technology-focussed universities, but will join

3219-427: The City East and City West campuses in the Adelaide city centre , the two metropolitan campuses in Magill and Mawson Lakes and two regional campuses in Mount Gambier and Whyalla . The City East campus is located on the corner of North Terrace and Frome Road , next to the University of Adelaide . The main Brookman Building, constructed in 1903 and named after its benefactor George Brookman , formed part of

3330-475: The Group of Eight following the merger. Notable alumni of the university include the incumbent foreign affairs minister Penny Wong , the Human Rights Watch director Tirana Hassan , the founding editor-in-chief of Vogue China Angelica Cheung , former state premier Steven Marshall and retired politician Christopher Pyne . It also manages several museums and exhibitions in a range of fields, including

3441-523: The Korea National Open University which offers distance learning. The University of Seoul is a public municipal university. Manas University in Kyrgyzstan is a public higher education institution that offers associate degrees, undergraduate degrees, and graduate and postgraduate degrees. The University of Macau , Macao Polytechnic University , and Macao University of Tourism are

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3552-520: The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research controls public universities and guarantees admission to students who earn a Tunisian Baccalaureate . Using a state website, the students make a wish list of the universities they want to attend, with the highest-ranking students getting priority choices. Universities rank students according to the results of their baccalaureate. There are forty public universities in Bangladesh . They are overseen by

3663-665: The Samstag Museum and Adelaide Planetarium, and is a part of the state's space and defence industry. The University of South Australia was formed in 1991 following by the merger between the South Australian Institute of Technology with three campuses belonging to the South Australian College of Advanced Education. The SA School of Art , the earliest antecedent institution of the University of South Australia,

3774-561: The Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA) on 15 January 2024, which was needed for the institution to offer courses that issue qualifications. Following approval on 22 May 2024, students starting studies at the pre-merger institutions from 2025 onwards will be issued degree certificates from Adelaide University. Students enrolled on or prior to 2024 will also be able to opt in adding antecedent institutions' names and logos on their parchments. The combined institution

3885-785: The University Grants Commission which was created by the government in 1973. Most universities in Brunei are public. In the People's Republic of China , nearly all universities and research institutions are public. Typically, provincial governments run public universities. However, some are administered by municipal governments or are national , which the central government directly administers. Private undergraduate colleges exist but are primarily vocational colleges sponsored by private entities. Private universities usually cannot award bachelor's degrees. Public universities tend to enjoy

3996-490: The University of Adelaide and the then- Royal Adelaide Hospital . When opened, only the main hall was named after George Brookman, and a plaque commemorating his contribution is still located in the hall. The Brookman Building in the nearby Grenfell Street , now the site of the Grenfell Centre , was his business headquarters. The institute maintained strong ties with the neighbouring University of Adelaide that included

4107-708: The University of Mons in 2009. The state-created university founded in Antwerp in 1971 is now part of University of Antwerp . Hasselt University started as a state-created public institution managed by the Province of Limburg . Similarly, the Province of Luxembourg managed the state-created public university in Arlon which became part of ULiège in 2004. Since 1891, private universities have gradually become state-recognized and funded. Some private, mostly Catholic, organizations are called free institutions, as in administratively free from

4218-437: The constitution of Greece , higher education institutions (HEI) include universities, technical universities, and specialist institutions. HEI undergraduate programs are government-funded and do not charge tuition. A quarter of HEI postgraduate programs are tuition-free. After individual assessments, thirty percent of Greek students are entitled to attend any of the statutory postgraduate programs without tuition fees. Founded as

4329-579: The 150 universities in Taiwan are public. Because the Taiwanese government provides funding to public universities, their students pay less than half the tuition fees of those at private universities. Ten public universities were established before the 1980s and are the most prestigious in Taiwan. As a result, most students choose public universities for their tertiary education. In the late 19th century Thailand , there

4440-745: The 2011 Australian census 133,432 Australian residents were born in Scotland , which was 0.6% of the Australian population. This is the fourth most commonly nominated ancestry and represents over 8.3% of the total population of Australia. At the 2006 Census 130,205 Australian residents stated that they were born in Scotland. Of these 80,604 had Australian citizenship . The majority of residents, 83,503, had arrived in Australia in 1979 or earlier. Some aspects of Scottish culture can be found in Australia: Highland gatherings are popular in Australia. Notable gatherings include: The Scots in Australia started

4551-455: The 2021 Australian census, 130,060 Australian residents were born in Scotland , while 2,176,777 claimed Scottish ancestry, either alone or in combination with another ancestry. The links between Scotland and Australia stretch back to the first British expedition of the Endeavour under command of Lieutenant James Cook who was himself the son of a Scottish ploughman. Cook navigated and charted

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4662-538: The Adelaide Planetarium and several information technology and engineering laboratories, including a defence research lab and the Future Industries Institute. The campus also has Airbus A320 and Boeing 737 flight and airport simulators and offers pilot training through its aviation academy at the nearby Parafield Airport . It is also neighbours with the Adelaide Technology Park which is home to

4773-532: The Adelaide Technology Park in Mawson Lakes . In mid-2023, it agreed to merge with the neighbouring University of Adelaide to form Adelaide University . Its earliest antecedent institutions were both founded in the Jubilee Exhibition Building of the former Royal South Australian Society of Arts . The South Australian Institute of Technology was founded in 1889 as the School of Mines and Industries and

4884-407: The Australian offices of Lockheed Martin , Raytheon , Northrop Grumman , General Dynamics , Saab among other multinational companies in the space and defence technology sectors. As part of the merger, more than half of the campus has been sold for housing and commercial development. It is one of two campuses belonging to the University of South Australia where land was sold. The Whyalla campus

4995-587: The Clyde had reported a three-fold increase in imports from Australia and New Zealand. Today, a strong cultural Scottish presence is evident in the Highland games, dance, Tartan day celebrations, Clan and Gaelic-speaking societies found throughout modern Australia. In the early 2000s, the number of Australians claiming to have Scottish ancestry increased almost three-fold; the majority of those who claim Scottish ancestry are third or later generation Australians. According to

5106-799: The Code de l'éducation states that " private higher education establishments can in no case take the title of university. " Nevertheless, many private institutions, such as the Catholic University of Lille or the Catholic University of Lyon , use the university as their marketing name. Most higher education institutions in Germany are public and operated by the states . All professors are public servants. Public universities are generally held in higher esteem than their private counterparts. From 1972 through 1998, public universities were tuition-free; however, some states have since adopted low tuition fees. According to

5217-615: The Education Department retained administrative authority throughout its early history. The Hartley Building was built as its permanent home in 1927. The college eventually renamed to the Adelaide College of the Arts and Education. It also established additional teachers colleges in other parts of the city including Magill . Following a series of mergers, the colleges expanded to become advanced colleges which all later amalgamated with

5328-492: The Enterprise Hub. The Magill campus was established in 1973 and is located on St Bernards Road in the eastern Adelaide suburb of Magill . The campus specialises in the social sciences , psychology , neuroscience , teacher education , sports science , journalism , creative industries , human services , social work , media and communication . It also hosts several media studios, research laboratories, health clinics,

5439-534: The Hawke Building. Established in 2007, its history dates back to 1977 as the College Gallery . It is named after Anne and Gordon Samstag and is located at the Hawke Building. Constructed in 1972, the Adelaide Planetarium is a planetarium at the Mawson Lakes campus. It hosts public exhibitions and short courses that are open to the public. Public university A public university or public college

5550-522: The Ministry of Education controls all public universities. Students enroll after completing a 8-4-4 educational program system and attaining a mark of C+ or above. Students who meet the criteria set annually by the Kenya Universities and Colleges Central Placement Service receive government sponsorship, with the government providing part of their university or college fees. Students are also eligible for

5661-652: The Punjab is the biggest public university, followed by University of Karachi . The public universities receive guidance and recognition from the Higher Education Commission . There are more than 500 public higher education institutions in the Philippines that are controlled and managed by the Commission on Higher Education . Of the 500, 436 are state colleges and universities, 31 local colleges and universities, and

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5772-578: The South Australian College of Advanced Education dates back to the School of Art in 1856. The institute later gained university status during the Dawkins Revolution following their merger in 1991. Its expansion over three decades, including to sites on the west end of North Terrace , and broadening fields of studies later contributed to its status as the state's largest university with 34,878 students in 2023. The university comprises six campuses including

5883-457: The University of Adelaide, described the proposed institution as a "lumbering dinosaur" in reference to its timing during an ongoing federal review of the higher education sector. Vice-chancellor Colin Stirling described plans to provide the new institution with A$ 300 million in research funding and scholarships as "unfair" to students who choose to study at Flinders University. The combined figure

5994-423: The University of Adelaide, the South Australian Institute of Technology was given the option to merge with either TAFE South Australia or the South Australian College of Advanced Education. It chose to merge with the latter advanced college resulting in the establishment of the University of South Australia, which continues to remain neighbours with the University of Adelaide. The University of South Australia became

6105-538: The buildings on the site are considerably newer than on the east. The Bradley Building is home to various clinical and simulation facilities in the fields of healthcare and medicine, form part of the Adelaide BioMed City Precinct which also includes the affiliated Royal Adelaide Hospital and the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute . The Hawke Building, also the chancellery,

6216-413: The campus is currently leased back to the university for a period of up to 10 years. The Mawson Lakes campus, established in 1972 as The Levels , is located in the northern Adelaide suburb of Mawson Lakes along 144 hectares (360 acres) of wetlands. It specialises in fields of science , engineering , computer science , environmental sciences , civil aviation and teacher education . It is also home to

6327-421: The central government establishes homogeneous tuition fees for all public universities which are much lower than those of their private counterparts. The highest tuition fee allowed by law was, as of 2010, €14.97 per academic credit, amounting to roughly €900 a year for an average 60-credit full-time course. Tuition fees at private universities might reach €18,000 a year. Scottish Australians According to

6438-479: The chancellor and six other appointed members, can appoint members to the Council. The chancellor of the university is a limitless term position that is mainly ceremonial and is held by former politician John Hill who succeeded Pauline Carr who left to serve the same position at Adelaide University in May 2024. John was appointed by the University Council. The current vice-chancellor is Irish biochemist David Lloyd , who began his role in January 2013 following

6549-413: The chancellor and vice-chancellor. The Council comprises the chancellor, vice-chancellor, a member of the academic staff, a member of the professional staff, an undergraduate student, a postgraduate student, at least one member with a commercial background, two members with prior experience in financial management and other members appointed by the selection committee. The selection committee, which comprises

6660-417: The co-ordination of teaching, laboratories and examinations across fields of engineering and sciences. Despite the university later establishing its own faculty of engineering in 1937, the reciprocal relationship remained intertwined to its University Council and studies completed at the institute were recognised as equivalent studies eligible for credit towards university courses. The institute later expanded to

6771-410: The colonial period, including: the dispossession of the indigenous from their lands, the creation of discriminatory administration regimes, and in killings and massacres. Throughout the 19th century, Scots invested heavily in the industries of the Australian colonies. In the 1820s, the Australian Company of Edinburgh & Leith exported a variety of goods to Australia, but a lack of return cargo led to

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6882-448: The colonies of Victoria , New South Wales , South Australia and Tasmania . In the 1840s, Scots-born immigrants constituted 12 percent of the Australian population. Out of the 1.3 million migrants from Britain to Australia in the period from 1861 to 1914, 13.5 percent were Scots. Much settlement followed the Highland Potato Famine , Highland Clearances and the Lowland Clearances of the mid-19th century. By 1860 Scots made up 50% of

6993-417: The colony) from 1813 to 1835 were Scots: David Allan, William Lithgow, Stewart. By 1830, 15.11% of the colonies' total population were Scots, which increased by the middle of the century to 25,000, or 20-25% of the total population. The Australian Gold Rush of the 1850s provided a further impetus for Scottish migration: in the 1850s 90,000 Scots immigrated, far higher than other British or Irish populations at

7104-414: The commission. Following the appointment of merger advocate Peter Høj as University of Adelaide vice-chancellor, both universities announced that a merger would once again be considered. The universities began a feasibility study into a potential merger at the end of the year. The invitation to merger negotiations was rejected by Flinders University , the state's third public university. The agreement for

7215-424: The company's termination in 1831. The Scottish Australian Investment Company was formed in Aberdeen in 1840, and soon became one of the chief businesses in the colonies, making substantial investments in the pastoral and mining industries. Smaller companies, such as George Russel's Clyde Company and Niel & Company, also had a significant presence in the colonies. Before the 1893 Australian financial crisis, Scotland

7326-427: The country resulted from a broadening appeal of higher education beyond the traditionally elite education provided by the universities. Advanced colleges were originally designed to complement universities, forming a binary system modelled on that of the United Kingdom . It was originally created by the Menzies government following World War II on the advice of a committee led by physicist Leslie H. Martin , during

7437-401: The departure of Peter Høj who left to serve the same position at the University of Adelaide . While the chancellor's office is ceremonial, the vice-chancellor serves as the university's de facto principal administrative officer. The university's internal governance is carried out by the University Council formed through the University of South Australia Act 1991. In 2023, the university had

7548-415: The early colonial period were convicts: 8,207 Scottish convicts, of the total 150,000 transported to Australia, made up about 5% of the convict population. The Scottish courts were unwilling to punish crimes deemed to be lesser offences in Scots Law by deportation to Australia. Scottish law was considered more humane for lesser offences than the English and Irish legal systems. Although Scottish convicts had

7659-448: The east coast of Australia, making first landfall at Botany Bay on 29 April 1770. His reports in Cook's expedition would lead to British settlement of the continent, and during the voyage Cook also named two groups of Pacific islands in honour of Scotland: New Caledonia and the New Hebrides . The first European to die on Australian soil was a Scot; Forbey Sutherland from Orkney, an able seaman died on 30 April 1770 of consumption and

7770-408: The ethnic composition of Western Victoria, Adelaide, Penola and Naracoorte . Other settlements in New south Wales included New England , the Hunter Valley and the Illawarra . Their preponderance in pastoral industries on the Australian frontier and in various colonial administrative roles, meant that some Scottish migrants were involved in the injustices against Indigenous Australians throughout

7881-955: The fee was €1,951 in 2015. Non-European Union students and students who want to complete a second bachelor's or master's degree pay a legal school fee. Annually, these legal school fees range between €7,000 for bachelor programs and €30,000 for master's programs in medicine. The Ministry of Education supervises all universities, including private institutions. Almost all universities in Norway are public and state-funded. In Poland , public universities are established by Acts of Parliament. The government pays all tuition fees and other costs of public university students. In contrast, private citizens, societies, or companies operate private universities that charge tuition fees directly to students. These institutions are generally held in lower regard than public universities. A small number of private universities do not charge fees, such as John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin . There are thirteen public universities,

7992-508: The government through the University Grants Commission , which handles undergraduate placements and staff appointments. The top institutions include the University of Peradeniya founded in 1942 and the University of Colombo founded in 1921. Sri Lanka also has a joint service military university, the General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University , which is operated by the Ministry of Defence . One-third of

8103-675: The government. In Egypt, Al-Azhar University was founded in 970 AD as a madrasa ; it formally became a public university in 1961 and is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the world. In the 20th century, Egypt opened many other public universities with government-subsidized tuition fees, including Cairo University in 1908, Alexandria University in 1912, Assiut University in 1928, Ain Shams University in 1957, Helwan University in 1959, Beni-Suef University in 1963, Zagazig University in 1974, Benha University in 1976, and Suez Canal University in 1989. In Kenya ,

8214-562: The interwar period, and by 1933 there were 132,000 Scottish migrants living in Australia. By the 1920s and 1930s, a majority of Scottish migrants in Australia were living in Victoria and New South Wales. The urban working-class background of many British migrants to Australia in the early 20th century meant that Scots were most likely to settle in industrial portside suburbs, especially in Melbourne and Sydney, where they made notable contributions to

8325-658: The legislation of the national government until higher education was moved to the control of the three communities in 1990. Consequently, the Flemish , the French , and the German communities determine which institutes of higher education organize and issue diplomas. Until the 1970s, Belgium had two state universities: the University of Liège (ULiège) and the Ghent University (UGent), both founded in 1817. These are often referred to as

8436-403: The library. The original SAIT campus has undergone several building upgrades and expansions. The Basil Hetzel Building was opened in 2005 and includes 2,000 square metres (22,000 sq ft) of multipurpose biomechanical, pharmaceutical and microbiological laboratory space. There was also a major reconstruction to the main Brookman Building from 2008 to 2009 to include a new outdoor plaza,

8547-413: The library. The Jeffrey Smart Building, named after artist Jeffrey Smart , is a library on the east end of North Terrace . It comprises "open plan" teaching and learning spaces and a central green common area. The Bob Hawke Prime Ministerial is the prime ministerial library of Bob Hawke who served between 1983 and 1991. Established in 1997, it was the first of its kind in the world to be founded during

8658-404: The lifetime of a prime minister. The Bob Hawke Collection forms the bulk of its archives and includes a large collection of his notes, personal papers, state gifts, biographical texts, newspaper extracts, photographs, political comics, articles, recordings and transcripts of speeches and media events, including documents from ministers from his cabinet . Notable artefacts held at the library include

8769-401: The main library on the east end and a central green common area with an outdoor cinema . Pridham Hall is a gymnasium and multi-sport facility constructed in 2018. It was designed as a collaboration between Norwegian architecture firm Snøhetta , JPE Design Studio and JamFactory . It features a 25 metres (82 ft) heated swimming pool, gymnasium, dance studio, a sloping roof amphitheatre and

8880-492: The merger was reached on 1 July 2023 by the two universities, which then accounted for approximately two-thirds of the state's public university population, in consultation with the South Australian Government . The rationale for the amalgamation was a larger institutional scale may be needed in order to increase the universities' ranking positions, ability to secure future research income and a net positive impact on

8991-527: The national or state governments. India also has an "open" public university, the Indira Gandhi National Open University which offers distance education. In terms of the number of enrolled students, it is now the largest university in the world with over four million students. In Indonesia , the government supports public universities in each province. Funding comes through the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology and

9102-526: The neighbouring Brookman Building in 1903, named after the Scottish-born businessman George Brookman who contributed £15,000 towards its construction. The building, which took three years to complete, was opened by then-state governor Samuel Way . It is located on the site formerly the eastern annexe of the Jubilee Exhibition Building on the corner of North Terrace and Frome Road between

9213-412: The original School of Mines and Industries later renamed to the South Australian Institute of Technology . It was inherited by the university, which also later expanded to the west end of the terrace as City West . The David Murray Library is the main library on the site and is located in the Brookman Building. It is named after Scottish-born merchant and politician David Murray who donated £2000 towards

9324-516: The original mother college to become the South Australian College of Advanced Education in 1982. The combined institution continued its presence alongside the University of Adelaide with which it maintained joint teaching, facilities and committees. The campus merged with the latter university in 1991 with three of the remaining campuses merging with the SAIT to establish the University of South Australia. Stronger demand for advanced college places throughout

9435-406: The possibility of a merger between the state's three public universities should they decline. He had made an election promise to take a heavy-handed approach towards the merger to reduce students departing to higher-ranking institutions on the east coast and to improve the state's ability to attract international students and researchers. At the time, staff's opinions were evenly divided on the idea of

9546-455: The possibility of a merger. The proposition was dubbed a "super uni" by then South Australian premier, Steven Marshall , and Simon Birmingham , but the merger was called off in October 2018 by the University of South Australia, which was less keen. Vice-chancellor David Lloyd , in an email to University of South Australia staff, claimed that the amalgamation lacked a compelling case. This statement

9657-671: The prospects of trade. William Douglas Campbell, Robert Campbell, Charles Hook, Alexander Berry Laird of the Shoalhaven, were some of the first merchants drawn to the colonies. At this time, several Scottish regiments were recorded in the colonies: Macquarie's unit or the 73rd Regiment, the Royal North British Fusiliers, and the King's Own Scottish Borderers. Three of the Deputy Commissaries-General (the highest rank in

9768-512: The provincial and municipal governments. Some of the public universities in Iran offer tuition-free and tuition-based programs. State-run universities are highly selective and competitive. There are nine official universities in Israel , a few dozen colleges, and about a dozen foreign university extensions. The Council for Higher Education in Israel supervises all of these institutions academically. Only

9879-688: The public universities in Macau . There are twenty public universities in Malaysia , funded by the government but governed as self-managed institutions. Tribhuvan University was the first public university in Nepal . It operates through six different institutes and is affiliated with various colleges. There are government-funded Purbanchal University and Pokhara University . There are 107 public universities in Pakistan , compared to 76 private universities. University of

9990-801: The region". This contrasts with the research-oriented aspects of national universities. In 2010, 127,872 students were attending 95 public universities, compared to 86 national universities and 597 private universities in Japan. Many public universities are relatively new; in 1980, there were only 34 public universities in Japan. Since July 2003, public universities may incorporate under the Local Independent Administrative Institutions Law. In South Korea , most public universities are national. There are 29 national universities, eighteen special universities, and ten educational universities. In addition, there are two national colleges and

10101-502: The regional city of Whyalla in 1962 and to the Adelaide suburb of Mawson Lakes in 1972 as The Levels . In 1965, it was designated an advanced college which initiated an expansion in the variety of courses available. The campuses on North Terrace, Mawson Lakes and Whyalla all remain a part of the University of South Australia. The Adelaide Teachers College, which changed names and shifted locations multiple times throughout its existence,

10212-676: The same for all public universities. Except for some fields of study, notably medicine, all Austrians who pass the Matura exam have the right to attend any public university. Overenrolled degree programs have introduced additional entrance exams that students must pass in the first year or before starting the degree, especially with scientific subjects such as biology, chemistry, and physics. Private universities have existed since 1999 but are considered easier than public universities and thus hold less esteem. All public universities in Belgium were operated under

10323-581: The shipbuilding industry. In the late-19th and early-20th century, Scottish-born workers had a significant influence in the labour movement, and played key roles in trade unions and the Australian Labor Party, as well as becoming leaders in the Communist Party of Australia. In 1928, a significant delegation of Scottish Australians to Scotland was influential in the opening of a direct trade route between Australia and Glasgow, and by 1932 traders on

10434-530: The space and defence technology sectors. It also offers some degree programs in Brisbane and Hong Kong as part of a joint ventures with local institutions. In the 2018 ERA National Report , the Australian Research Council evaluated work produced between 2014 and 2018. 100 per cent of the university's research activity was judged to be "at or above world standard" (3-5*). The university operates

10545-1079: The state despite being state-funded. As of 2022, the communities fund all recognized universities, public and private, which follow the same rules and laws. The state runs most public universities in Croatia . Students who perform well academically pay only administrative fees which are less than €100 per year. Students who fail multiple classes in a year must retake the courses and pay a partial or full tuition fee. Almost all universities in Denmark are public and are held in higher esteem than their private counterparts. Danish students attend university for free. All universities in Finland are public and free of charge. Most universities and grandes écoles in France are public and charge very low tuition fees—less than €1000 per year. Major exceptions are semi-private grandes écoles such as HEC , EMLyon or INSEAD . Article L731-14 of

10656-452: The state economy. The two universities argued that by combining their expertise, resources and finances into a single institution, they can be more financially viable, with stronger teaching and research outcomes. Support for the merger among existing staff were mixed, with a National Tertiary Education Union SA survey showing that only a quarter were in favour of the amalgamation. Warren Bebbington , who previously served as vice-chancellor at

10767-401: The state's largest university by student population. It also became the second-largest university nationally by number of online students, either in the state or from other parts of the country, and expanded to Mount Gambier in 2005. In 2021, the university celebrated its 30th birthday. In June 2018, the University of South Australia and the University of Adelaide began discussions regarding

10878-514: The state's third public university, a continuation of the former South Australian Institute of Technology that merged with most of the SACAE, and maintained their historical presence next to the University of Adelaide , in the suburbs of Mawson Lakes and Magill and in the regional city of Whyalla . Its expansion over the next few decades, including to sites on the west end of North Terrace , and broadening fields of studies contributed to its status as

10989-494: The student's family wealth, the course of study, and exam performance. A few scholarships are available for the best low-income students at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. However, for research, private funding ranges from low to non-existent, compared to most European countries. The Netherlands Ministry of Education funds most public universities. Dutch citizens and those from European Union countries pay an annual tuition fee for their first bachelor's or master's degree;

11100-515: The time. Literacy rates of the Scottish immigrants ran at 90-95%. By the 1830s a growing number of Scots from the poorer working classes joined the diaspora. Immigrants included skilled builders, tradesmen, engineers, tool-makers and printers. They settled in commercial and industrial cities, Sydney , Adelaide , Hobart and Melbourne . The migration of skilled workers increased, including bricklayers, carpenters, joiners, and stonemasons. They settled in

11211-547: The two historic state universities. In 1965, small specialized single-faculty public institutions were recognized as universities, including the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and the Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech ; both are now part of the University of Liège . The Belgian state created smaller public universities that have since merged with larger institutions, including the public university at Mons in 1965 which became part of

11322-518: Was a high demand for professional talent by the central government. In 1899, the King founded the School for Training of Civil Officials near the northern gate of the royal palace. Graduates from the school became royal pages, a traditional entrance into the Mahattai Ministry or other government ministries. As of 2019, Thailand has nineteen public universities. In Austria , most universities are public. The state regulates tuition fees, making costs

11433-441: Was agreed upon by both universities and Chris Schacht , who previously served on the University of Adelaide Council, alleged that the merger talks failed due to disagreement on which vice-chancellor would replace the other following their amalgamation. In early 2022, the topic of a merger was raised again by the new state government led by premier Peter Malinauskas , which proposed setting up an independent commission to investigate

11544-475: Was contradicted by the University of Adelaide's chancellor who said that the merger continues to be in the state's best interests and a spokesperson for the university added that it was still open to future talks. Following the release of several internal FOI documents retrieved by ABC News , it was later revealed that the merger talks failed due to disagreements on the post-merger institution's leadership structure. The name Adelaide University of South Australia

11655-402: Was established in 1856 at the former Royal South Australian Society of Arts . The independent art school, which went through many name changes, resided for most of its history at the Jubilee Exhibition Building which was later transferred to the University of Adelaide in 1929. It remained on its campus until 1962 when the building was demolished to make way for several university buildings. It

11766-469: Was established in 1876. Despite not being located at the University of Adelaide campus until 1900, students from the institution attended university lectures since at least 1878. In 1921, it renamed to the Adelaide Teachers College, in line with other interstate teachers colleges. Despite offers from the university to take control of the college, which was heavily integrated into the university,

11877-684: Was established in 1962 and is the largest regional campus in South Australia . Located in city of Whyalla in the Eyre Peninsula , it is set on 22 hectares (54 acres) and offers studies in teacher education , nursing , midwifery , physiotherapy , occupational therapy , social work and human services . Based in the Limestone Coast , the Mount Gambier campus was established in 2005 and offers studies in commerce , teacher education , nursing , midwifery , social work and human services . It

11988-412: Was later revised to A$ 464.5 million to include land purchases, with an additional A$ 40 million research fund set up for Flinders University. In November 2023, legislation passed state parliament enabling the creation of the new university to be named Adelaide University , previously a colloquial name used by the University of Adelaide. An application for self-accreditation authority was submitted to

12099-504: Was the first to be buried on the colony by Captain Cook, who named Sutherland Point at Botany Bay in his honour. The first Scottish settlers arrived in Australia with the First Fleet in 1788, including three of the first six Governors of New South Wales John Hunter , Lachlan Macquarie (often referred to as the father of Australia) and Thomas Brisbane . The majority of Scots arriving in

12210-528: Was the main source of private British loans to Australia. A steady rate of Scottish immigration continued into the 20th century, with substantial numbers of Scots continuing to arrive after 1945. Between 1910 and 1914, around 9000 Scots arrived each year, and in 1921 the Scottish population of Australia was 109,000. Due to economic decline in Scotland after the First World War, there was an over-representation of Scots among British migrants to Australia during

12321-403: Was widely reported and the subsequent escape of one of them, Thomas Muir , in 1796 caused a sensation and inspired the poetry of Robert Burns . The majority of immigrants, 'free settlers', in the late 18th century were Lowlanders from prominent wealthy families. Engineers like Andrew McDougall and John Bowman arrived with experience in building corn mills, while others were drawn to Australia by

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