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28-545: The Beylik of the West was the largest one out of the Beyliks of Algiers, it largely corresponded to Oranie. Its capital was Mazouna , then Mascara and the last one was Oran . The exact borders of the Beylik constantly fluctuated thanks to conflicts with Saharan tribes, and Morocco . Oran and Mers el-Kébir came under Spanish control starting from the 1505 siege and they held it until

56-466: A county , duchy , grand duchy or principality in Europe, depending on the size and importance of the beylik ). However the exact scope of power handed to the beks (alternative spelling to beys) varied with each country, thus there was no clear-cut system, rigidly applied to all countries defining all the possible power and prestige that came along with the title. Today, the word is still used formally as

84-560: A local governorate capable of reinforcing the authority of Algiers, and to fight against the Spanish. Hassan Pasha designated Bou Khedidja as governor of the province. He re-organized the region, appointing the caïds in the main towns and chose Mazouna in the interior of the country as his residence, he constituted a makhzen of allied tribes, by granting them privileges, and forcing the rebellious tribes to obey. His successor, Souag of Mazouna continued his work. He fought against an uprising led by

112-678: A similar office within Arab states that broke away from the High Porte , such as Egypt and Sudan under the Muhammad Ali Dynasty , where it was a rank below pasha (maintained in two rank classes after 1922), and a title of courtesy for a pasha's son. Even much earlier, the virtual sovereign's title in Barbaresque North African 'regency' states was "Bey" (compare Dey ). Notably in Tunis ,

140-581: A social title for men, similar to the way the titles " sir " and " mister " are used in the English language. Additionally, it is widely used in the naming customs of Central Asia , namely in countries such as Uzbekistan , Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan . Notably, the ethnic designation of Uzbeks comes from the name of Öz Beg Khan of the Golden Horde , being an example of the usage of this word in personal names and even names of whole ethnic groups. The general rule

168-464: Is bordered to the east by Mostaganem , to the southeast by Mascara , to the southwest by Sidi Bel Abbes , and to the west by Aïn Témouchent Province . The province was formed from the former French department of Oran , which was maintained after independence and was transformed into a wilaya (province) by the ordnance of 1968. It inherited its current structure after the re-organization of 1974, when it lost its western and southern parts in favor of

196-462: Is that the honorific is used with first names and not with surnames or last names. The word entered English from Turkish bey , itself derived from Old Turkic beg , which – in the form bäg – has been mentioned as early as in the Orkhon inscriptions (8th century AD) and is usually translated as "tribal leader". The actual origin of the word is still disputed, though it is mostly agreed that it

224-717: The Husainid Dynasty used a whole series of title and styles including Bey: Bey was also the title that was awarded by the Sultan of Turkey in the twilight of the Ottoman Empire to Oloye Mohammed Shitta , an African merchant prince of the Yoruba people who served as a senior leader of the Muslim community in the kingdom of Lagos . Subsequently, he and his children became known in Nigeria by

252-652: The Moorish Science Temple of America and the Moorish Orthodox Church . 'Bey' is also used colloquially in Urdu -speaking parts of India , and its usage is similar to "chap" or "man". When used aggressively, it is an offensive term. The Hungarian word 'bő' originates from an Old Turkic loanword, cognate with Ottoman 'bey', that used to mean 'clan leader' in Old Hungarian. Later, as an adjective, it acquired

280-578: The Ottoman Empire until France conquer its capital in 1837 but Ahmed Bey got refuge amongst the Chaouis tribes of the Aures mountains until 1848. The troubles made by French invasion will result in an Algerian reaction making severals principalty and others way of resistances already making the structures of revolutionnaries ideas and independentists against the oppression of colonization which will be

308-526: The Tatar Khanate of Kazan , in charge of a Beylik called Bäklek . The Uzbek Khanate of Khiva , Emirate of Bukhara and The Khanate of Kokand used the "beks" as local administrations of "bekliks" or provinces. The Balkar princes in the North Caucasus highlands were known as taubiy (taubey), meaning the "mountainous chief". Sometimes a Bey was a territorial vassal within a khanate, as in each of

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336-667: The Uyghurs . It permitted the Turkic Begs in the Altishahr region to maintain their previous status, and they administered the area for the Qing as officials. High-ranking Begs were allowed to call themselves Begs. Lucy Mary Jane Garnett wrote in the 1904 work Turkish Life in Town and Country that "distinguished persons and their sons" as well as "high government officials" could become bey , which

364-522: The double-barrelled surname Shitta-Bey , a tradition which has survived to the present day through their lineal descendants. In the Ottoman period, the lords of the semi-autonomous Mani Peninsula used the title of beis (μπέης); for example, Petros Mavromichalis was known as Petrobey . Other Beys saw their own Beylik promoted to statehood, e.g.: Bey or a variation has also been used as an aristocratic title in various Turkic states, such as Bäk in

392-515: The marabout Mohamed Ben Ali. The beys Sayah and Saad established their authority over the Berber tribes of Dahra . Mazouna remained the capital of the Beylik until the end of the 17th century. In 1700, Mustapha Bouchlaghem , an Arabized Berber born in the vicinity of the city, transferred the capital to Mascara , because it was in a more central position. He contributed in the Algerian victory against

420-660: The moroccan Alaouite Sultan Ismail bin Shariff attempts to takes territories and plunder villages in the battle of the Cheliff on 28 April 1701 with the help of several Algerians tribals warriors of the Oranian region and in 1707 he defeated the Sultan of Morocco Ismail bin Shariff in the west of Sig in a forest which were called forest of Moulay ismail after this battle in memory of this battle those battles contributed to re-establish

448-636: The borders until the tafna rivers. He took Oran from the Spaniards in 1708 , which then became his residence, but in 1732 the Spaniard retook the city and Bouchelaghem had to take refuge in Mostaganem. He ruled until 1734, when he died a natural death. In 1748, the Kouloughlis of Tlemcen revolted, albeit the revolt was crushed. In 1754, a new revolt started in the town led by caïd Radjem. In 1779, Mohamed el Kebir

476-568: The capital of the province and it was the territorial expansion and the apogee of the Western Beylik. After his death in 1799, his son Othman was designated as Bey . The province was met with new difficulties, mainly revolts instigated by marabouts and the religious brotherhoods of Tidjaniya and Derkawa. After the Fall of Algiers , and the expulsion of dey Hussein , the forces of the three Beyliks of Constantine, Oran and Titteri did not regroup against

504-632: The city of Mascara and later Tagdemt close to Tiaret for later making a mobile head quarter and nomadic capital called the Smalah, the Emirate of Algeria succeeded the Regency of Algeria which included 2 others political entities integrated as viceroyalty governed by Beys the Beylik of the West and of Titteri annexed by Emir Abdelkader until Setif and Biskra , The eastern Beylik of Constantine were still existing this time independently from Algiers and

532-406: The creation of Sidi Bel Abbès Province . As of 1984, the province is divided into 9 districts ( daïras ), which are further divided into 26 communes or municipalities. Bey Bey , also spelled as Baig , Bayg , Beigh , Beig , Bek , Baeg, Begh, or Beg , is a Turkic title for a chieftain , and an honorific title traditionally applied to people with special lineages to

560-497: The forces of the invader. French troops occupied Oran on 1 January 1831. The submission of Bey Hassan caused the population to flee the town. He was replaced by Bey Kheireddine who was sent from Tunis by the French administration but soon after he went back to Tunisia , forced due to the small population of Oran before due to multiples wars with Spain most the inhabitants fled in the tribes or others cities of south or others areas in

588-722: The leaders or rulers of variously sized areas in the numerous Turkic kingdoms, emirates, sultanates and empires in Central Asia , South Asia , Southeast Europe , and the Middle East , such as the Ottomans , Timurids or the various khanates and emirates in Central Asia and the Eurasian Steppe . The feminine equivalent title was begum . The regions or provinces where "beys" ruled or which they administered were called beylik , roughly meaning "governorate" or "region" (the equivalent of

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616-464: The main reasons of Algerian war of Independence which will make the modern Algeria we know. Oran Province Oran Province ( Arabic : ولاية وهران , Wilāya Wahrān ) is a province ( wilayah ) in Algeria whose seat is the city of the same name . It is located in the northwestern part of the country. Its population is 1,584,607 and it covers a total area of 2,114 km². The province

644-466: The region or joined Emir Abdelkader who had a legitimacy and influence much stronger than the Tunisian statesman who probably saw no interests in staying in the difficult situation of French forces limited to the city of Oran and harassed by the resistance of tribes which resulted in the creation of a new Algerian state completely made by the local Algerian people centralized firstly in western Algeria in

672-721: The three zuzes under the Khan of the Kazakhs. The variation Beg , Baig or Bai , is still used as a family name or a part of a name in South and Central Asia as well as the Balkans . In Slavic -influenced names, it can be seen in conjunction with the Slavic -ov/-ović/ev suffixes meaning "son of", such as in Bakir and Alija Izetbegović , and Abai Kunanbaev . The title is also used as an honorific by members of

700-464: The year 1792, when it was recaptured by Mohammed el Kebir (with the exception of 1708 to 1732, when the cities were briefly recaptured). Tlemcen was the most important city followed by Mostaganem and Mascara . Other important towns included Mazouna , Nedroma , Kalaa , Miliana and Oran after its reconquest. After returning from Mostaganem in 1563, after a failed campaign to reconquer Oran and Mers el-Kébir , Hassan Pacha decided to leave

728-452: Was a loan-word, in Old Turkic. This Turkic word is usually considered a borrowing from an Iranian language. However, German Turkologist Gerhard Doerfer assessed the derivation from Iranian as superficially attractive but quite uncertain, and pointed out the possibility that the word may be genuinely Turkic . Two principal etymologies have been proposed by scholars: It was also used by

756-730: Was appointed as Bey of Oran. He reorganized the province and restored order. He recaptured Oran and Mers-el-kébir in 1792 , which is the origin of the « el Kebir » part of his name (which also means the great) and in the same year the Rif in Morocco were conquered which will be given back to the Alaouites dynasty after an agreement between the Algerian Bey Muhammad al Kabir and the Moroccan Sultan Sulayman in 1798 . Oran became

784-538: Was one of two "merely conventional designations as indefinite as our ' Esquire ' has come to be [in the United Kingdom]". The Republican Turkish authorities abolished the title circa the 1930s. The title bey ( Arabic : بيه Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [beː] ) was also called beyk or bek ( بيك ) – from Turkish beyg ( بيـگ ) – in North Africa, including Egypt. A bey could maintain

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