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40-524: Sagart et al. (2019) estimate that West and East Gyalrongic had diverged from each other about 3,000 years before present. Although Tangut is most commonly associated with Yinchuan , the capital of the Tangut Empire , Zhoushan (周山, Zhōushān) in Jinchuan County (Chinese: 金川縣 Jīnchuān Xiàn, Written Tibetan : Chuchen ; roughly located between the territories of Khroskyabs and Situ speakers today) had

80-625: A gas explosion inside of a barbecue restaurant in Yinchuan killed at least 31 people and injured 7 others. Yinchuan lies in the middle of the Yinchuan Plain . It is sheltered from the deserts of Mongolia by the high ranges of the Helan Mountains to its west. The Yellow River runs through Yinchuan from southwest to northeast. The average elevation of Yinchuan is 1,100 meters (about 3,608 feet). The urban center of Yinchuan lies about halfway between

120-567: A ' smart city ', where modern technology is employed such as facial recognition for public transport payments, connected trash bins and digital citizen service centres. Until the 1950s the Yellow river, which is navigable downstream as far as Baotou in the Inner Mongolian autonomous region and upstream to Zhongwei and Zhongning , was the chief communication link. Yinchuan still has a river port at Hengcheng , about 15 km (9.3 mi) to

160-507: A cultural affinity to the Han, and are far more assimilated into mainstream Chinese life . A number of cultural festivals are celebrated in Yinchuan. These include an Internet Film Festival , a Car and Motorcycle Tourism Festival, and an International Poetry Festival . Until 2000, Yinchuan was also the traditional host of an August festival celebrating the harvesting of Goji berries (a major product of Ningxia). The city's attractions include

200-1617: A film, Project X-Traction , with Jackie Chan (the movie was never ultimately released). There are two pagodas in Yinchuan that are part of the 'Eight Famous Scenery of Ningxia': one is the Haibao Pagoda in the northern suburb and the other is the Chengtiansi Pagoda in the west. Parts of the Great Wall are near the city. Direct-administered municipalities . Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals . Separate state-planning cities . Special economic-zone cities . Open coastal cities . Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by Oroqen Autonomous Banner , Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it. Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China. The claimed province of Taiwan no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan instead. National: Provinces: Autonomous Regions: Municipalities: SARs: 1739 Yinchuan%E2%80%93Pingluo earthquake The 1739 Yinchuan–Pingluo earthquake ( simplified Chinese : 银川-平罗地震 ; traditional Chinese : 銀川-平羅地震 ; pinyin : Yínchuān-píng luó dìzhèn ) rocked

240-525: A group of reverse faults. The Yinchuan graben is a 50 km (31 mi) × 160 km (99 mi) block of crust at the northern tip of Ningxia , bounded by several north–south striking normal faults . Two of these faults are the Helanshan Piedmont Fault Zone (East Helanshan Fault) to the western boundary of the graben, and the Huang He ( Yellow River ) Fault to the east. Their slip rate

280-563: A historically attested population of Tangut people in 945 AD. As a result, based on both historiographical and linguistic evidence, Lai et al. (2020) place the ultimate homeland of the Tangut in present-day western Sichuan . However, the Tangut were already rulers of the Dingnan Jiedushi from 881AD, which indicates another scenario, as they could not migrate to a place they were already situated. This Sino-Tibetan languages -related article

320-505: A super-majority of Han Chinese people sans the county-level city of Lingwu , which is majority Hui. Of the city's population, 79.05% live in urban areas as of 2019. This proportion is highest in Xixia District , where 91.28% of the population lives in urban areas, and is lowest in Lingwu , where 58.22% of the population lives in urban areas. The city's gross domestic product per capita

360-615: Is 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) per year. The East Helanshan Fault is the root fault of two more blind faults ; the Luhuatai and Yinchuan-Pingluo faults form within the block. Seismic imaging shows that the East Helanshan Fault converge with the Huanghe Fault at 30 km (19 mi) depth. The East Helanshan and Yinchuan–Pingluo intersects to become one fault at a depth of 30 km (19 mi). The Helanshan Mountains separated

400-684: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Yinchuan Yinchuan is the capital of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region , China , and was the capital of the Tangut -led Western Xia dynasty . It has an area of 8,874.61 km (3,426.51 sq mi) and a total population of 2,859,074 according to the 2020 Chinese census , and its built-up area was home to 2,564,918 inhabitants spread between three urban districts and Helan and Yongning counties largely being urbanized. The city's name literally means "silver river". Yinchuan

440-716: Is a center for the Muslim Hui people , who constitute slightly over a quarter of the population. Hui Muslims play a vital role as being middlemen in trade between the Middle East and China, and the China-Middle East trade has become increasingly important to the country. Consequently, the national government has started constructing a $ 3.7 billion Islamic theme park called "World Muslim City" in Yinchuan. Unlike Uyghurs, who faces far more restrictions in religious freedoms, Hui Muslims generally do not seek independence from China and have

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480-543: Is now the permanent site for the China-Arab Expo, a platform for cultural and economic exchanges between China and Arab countries . The city is also home to Ningxia University , the largest regional comprehensive university under Ningxia's Project 211 . The area that is now Yinchuan was home to Shuidonggou , China's earliest paleolithic site. It dates from over 30,000 years ago, Later in Chinese prehistory , rock art

520-638: Is unique among royal burials. China West Film Studio, which has been famed as 'One Superb in China, and Treasure of Ningxia Province', is at the eastern foot of the magnificent Helanshan Mountain, 25 kilometers from the railway station of Yinchuan City, and 48 kilometers from Hedong Airport. It produced The Herdsman , Red Sorghum , Lover's Grief over the Yellow River , New Dragon Gate Inn , Ashes of Time , A Chinese Odyssey , Qiao's Grand Courtyard (TV series) and nearly one hundred other films. In 2018, John Cena lived for five months in Yinchuan while working on

560-507: The East Helanshan Fault which ruptured for 88 km (55 mi). An estimated maximum slip has been suggested at 10–13 km (6.2–8.1 mi). Fault scarps known as the Suyukou scarps were discovered along the trace of the East Helanshan Fault preserved in alluvial fans for 16.5 km (10.3 mi). Some of these were as high as 11 m (36 ft), but they were not from one single event; multiple earlier earthquakes were identified from

600-662: The Mongols returned and slaughtered the city's entire population. Ghenghis Khan died during the siege under debated circumstances. The Mongols knew the city as "Iryai". Under the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) dynasties, it was a prefecture of Ningxia . During the Dungan revolt , Dungan forces massacred 100,000 people in Yinchuan. In 1739, the city was heavily affected by the Yinchuan–Pingluo earthquake . A maximum intensity of XII

640-633: The Planning and Research Institute of the Ministry of Transport , this was caused by numerous construction works and the poor structure of the road network, rather than pure traffic volume. After reorganization of the road network and bottleneck intersections, congestion has reduced. It is served by Yinchuan Hedong International Airport . It is 25 km (16 mi) from Yinchuan and has flights to Beijing, Chengdu, Dunhuang, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Xian, and Zhengzhou. Although most residents are Han Chinese, Yinchuan

680-651: The Sand-lake, the Western Xia tombs , and the China Western film Studios. Sand Lake is a lake in a desert 35 miles north of Yinchuan with birds, reeds, lotus and fish. The Western Xia Imperial Tombs are 15.5 miles west of Yinchuan on east side of Mt. Helan. Since June 1972, nine imperial tombs and 253 lesser tombs have been unearthed, which are as grand as Ming Tombs in Beijing. With a total area of more than 19.3 square miles, it

720-583: The Yellow River and the edge of Helan Mountains. Yinchuan has a cold desert climate ( Köppen BWk ) with an annual rainfall of 194 mm (7.64 in). Yinchuan has distinct seasons, with dry, cold winters, late springs and short summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −6.8 °C (19.8 °F) in January to 24.4 °C (75.9 °F) in July, with the annual mean at 10.1 °C (50.2 °F). Diurnal temperature variation tends to be large due to

760-646: The Yinchuan International Flower Expo park. The BYD Skytrain based system entered operation in September 2017. Highways link the city to Baotou along the river, to Lanzhou in Gansu province to the southwest, to Wuwei in Gansu to the west, and to Xi'an in Shaanxi province to the southeast. In Q1 2018, Yinchuan ranked first in traffic congestion severity in China. According to research by AutoNavi , and

800-540: The area were almost totally destroyed, while along the East Helanshan and Luhuatai faults, many buildings were still standing with slight damage. The Shuang Towers, 15 stories high, and build near the Suyukou scarps did not collapse during the quake of 1739, but towers in Yinchuan City, closer to the Huanghe Fault were totally destroyed. These damage patterns has been inferred that the strongest shaking intensities were on

840-492: The aridity, which also partly contributes to the sunny climate; with monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 58 percent in January to 67 percent in November, the city receives 2,761 hours of bright sunshine annually. There are 158 frost-free days. As of 2019, 72.43% of the city's population is Han Chinese , 25.79% is Hui , and 1.78% are other ethnic minorities . Of the city's six county-level divisions , all have

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880-530: The capital city. In 1954, when Ningxia province was abolished, the city was put in Gansu province; but, with the establishment of the Ningxia Hui autonomous region in 1958, Yinchuan once again became the capital. Traditionally, Yinchuan was an administrative and commercial center. In the 1950s, the city had many commercial enterprises, and there were some handicrafts, but no modern industry. The city has since grown considerably. Extensive coal deposits discovered on

920-624: The east. Since 1958 the city has been served by Yinchuan railway station on the Baotou–Lanzhou railway integrating it in the Chinese railway network. The Taiyuan–Zhongwei–Yinchuan railway opened in 2011. Since the opening of the Yinchuan–Zhongwei high-speed railway in 2019, Yinchuan is also served by high-speed train services. Yinchuan is the first Chinese city to implement a monorail beyond demonstrational use, transporting visitors around

960-580: The eastern bank of the Yellow River , near Shizuishan , 100 km (62 mi) to the north, have made Shizuishan a coal-mining center. Yinchuan, however, remains largely non-industrial. The immediate plains area, intensively irrigated by a system developed as long ago as the Han (206 BC–AD 220) and Tang (618–907) dynasties, is extremely productive. Yinchuan is the chief agricultural market and distribution center for this area and also deals in animal products from

1000-467: The eastern side if the graben, where the Huanghe and Yinchuan–Pingluo faults are close to the surface. It was previously thought that The Great Wall which runs through Ningxia was offset by a surface rupture was instead built on a pre-existing fault scarp of the Helanshan Piedmont Fault Zone, not formed by the earthquake of 1739. The fault scarp was dated at 2370 and 2060 BP; much older than the wall itself which

1040-518: The herds tended by nomads in the surrounding grasslands. It is a market for grain and has flour mills, as well as rice-hulling and oil-extraction plants. The wool produced in the surrounding plains supplies a woolen-textile mill. During the nationwide 1989 Protests that followed the death of Hu Yaobang , Yinchuan was the site of student demonstrations responding to the April 26 Editorial . On May 28 numbers dropped drastically when only 3,000 students took to

1080-496: The largest being a 5.5 on February 13 that same year. Although northern China is nowhere near the boundaries of tectonic plates, the region is straddled with faults and there are ongoing deformation. Ningxia lies in a complex transition zone of compression at the northeastern Tibetan Plateau to extension , horst and graben features in the Ordos Plateau . To the south, the massive strike-slip Haiyuan Fault comes in and becomes

1120-618: The native Han population to emigrate. Several of Yinchuan's important cultural sites were built under the Western Xia, such as the Pagoda of Chengtian and the Western Xia mausoleums . In the autumn of 1209, the Mongols invaded Western Xia . They laid siege to Yinchuan, which by this point was known as "Zhongxing". The garrison of 150,000 managed to hold out against the Mongols, although Western Xia submitted to Mongol suzerainty regardless. After Xia attempted to reassert its independence, in 1227

1160-501: The northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region on January 3 with an epicenter in the prefecture-level city Shizuishan . The estimated magnitude 7.1–7.6 earthquake had a maximum intensity of XI on the Mercalli intensity scale , and killed about 50,000 residents and officials. It was widely felt; perceived in Shanxi , Shaanxi and Hebei provinces. Aftershocks persisted for more than two years with

1200-409: The region is about 1,500–2,000 years. The estimated magnitude was in the range of M w   7.1–7.6. Early studies gave the event a magnitude of 8.0 based on historical documentation of shaking, making it among the largest normal faulting intraplate earthquakes. Continental intraplate normal earthquake with magnitudes larger than M w   7.0 are uncommon. The source fault was determined to be

1240-499: The scarp. The maximum height of the scarp created by the earthquake was 5.1 m (17 ft), with an average of 3.0 m (9.8 ft). Another set of scarps known as the Hongguozigou scarps 65 km (40 mi) away from the Suyukou scarp was traced for 3.5 km (2.2 mi). It was a near vertical wall 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in) high, with a dextral offset of 3 m (9.8 ft). However, another research placed

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1280-482: The source fault as the Huanghe Fault. This fault is mostly buried under sediments, and is on opposite sides of the graben, parallel to the East Helanshan Fault. It extends over 120 km (75 mi), with much of its fault scarps eroded away, buried under several meters of sediment. Strong shaking from the earthquake was inferred to be along the trace of the Yinchuan–Pingluo and Huanghe faults, where buildings in

1320-526: The south boundary of the block. At the north end of the block, the Zhengyiguan Fault, a dextral strike-slip fault runs through the Helanshan Mountains. Two inferred earthquakes of M w   6.5 occurred in the area in 1143 and 1477, and an M w   6.0 in 1921 would be the most recent major activity in the graben. The average recurrence interval for large earthquakes like that of 1739 in

1360-581: The streets. A similar number of people would march again, this time with wreaths and banners, when they heard the news about the June 4 crackdown in Beijing . On July 23, 1993, China Northwest Airlines Flight 2119 , in route from Yinchuan Xihuayuan Airport to Beijing Capital International Airport , crashed into a lake after it was unable to get airborne while attempting to take off at Yinchuan Airport, killing 54 passengers and 1 crew member on board. On 21 June 2023,

1400-604: The western side of the graben from the Alxa Desert while the Ordos Plateau is to the east. The extension rate of the Yinchuan graben is believed to be 2.9 ± 1 mm (0.114 ± 0.039 in) per year. The graben has accumulated up to 7 km (4.3 mi) of sediments from the late Eocene . At its southern tip, the Sanguankou and Niushoushan faults, together with other northwest–southeast trending faults, form

1440-697: Was built in the early 16th century. The strongest shaking from the earthquake were in Yinchuan and Pingluo , where maximum intensity of XII was determined on the Chinese seismic intensity scale , and XI on the Mercalli intensity scale. In this region of intensity, the earthquake collapsed most houses, temples, offices, and a city wall 10 m (33 ft) tall and 6 m (20 ft) wide. Ground fissures up to an meter wide, and 100 m (330 ft) long, and great subsidence were accounted in historical records. In Yinchuan, there were over 15,300 people killed. The city

1480-429: Was completely levelled. Blazing fires burned all the way through the night as many canals were destroyed, shutting off the flow of water. The ground opened for more than 100 m (330 ft), where sand and black water erupted. Aftershocks persisted for more than two years with the largest being a 5.5 on February 13 that same year. In 1928, when the province of Ningxia was formed from part of Gansu , Yinchuan became

1520-768: Was created in the Helan mountains adjacent to modern-day Yinchuan. Yinchuan was originally a county under the name of Fuping in the 1st century BCE; its name was changed to Huaiyuan in the 6th century CE. After the fall of the Tang dynasty in 907, Yinchuan came under the control of the Tanguts . In 1038, the Tangut leader Yuanhao declared himself emperor of the Great Xia and made Yinchuan his capital, at that time known as "Xingqing" ( simplified Chinese : 兴庆 ; traditional Chinese : 興慶 ; pinyin : Xīngqìng ). This provoked much of

1560-399: Was determined on the Chinese seismic intensity scale , and XI on the Mercalli intensity scale. The earthquake collapsed most houses, temples, offices, and a city wall 10 m (33 ft) tall and 6 m (20 ft) wide. Ground fissures up to an meter wide, and 100 m (330 ft) long, and great subsidence were accounted in historical records. Over 15,300 people killed and the city

1600-564: Was ¥31,436 (US$ 4,526) in 2008, ranking 197th of 659 Chinese cities. In 2010, Yinchuan was designated as the site for the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum . At the national level, Yinchuan hosts various events such as the China-Arab States Expo, to function as a commercial link between China and Arab States. Yinchuan has an aircraft tire plant owned by Singapore-based Giti Tire . Yinchuan classifies itself as

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