West Baldwin Reservoir (or Injebreck Reservoir , locally) is a reservoir on the Isle of Man , about 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Douglas which it supplies. It was constructed by building a dam across a valley, and flooding the valley. Remains of a village in the valley can still be seen when the reservoir level is low. It is operated by the Isle of Man Water Authority .
7-586: Construction of the dam started in 1900 by the Douglas Corporation Water Works Department. A railway was first built, including nine wooden bridges over the River Glen, to transport the required material to site. The construction was finished in 1904. The reservoir's dam was completed in 1904. It is an earth fill embankment dam, 22.5 metres (74 ft) high, which required some 500,000 long tons (510,000 t) of earth to build. There
14-445: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Puddling (engineering) Puddling is both the material and the process of lining a water body such as a channel or pond with puddle clay (puddle, puddling) – a watertight (low hydraulic conductivity ) material based on clay and water mixed to be workable. Puddling is used in maintaining canals or reservoirs on permeable ground. The technique of puddling and its use
21-463: Is a vertical puddle clay core supported by zoned earth fill shoulders. The higher part of the upstream shoulder is faced in dry rubble pitching about 60 centimetres (2 ft) thick. The crest and downstream shoulder are grassed. The reservoir supplies Douglas , Onchan and the south of the island. Water can also be pumped from the Sulby Reservoir . This Manx location article
28-473: Is laid about 10 inches (25 cm) thick at the sides and nearly 3 ft (0.91 m) thick at the bottom of a canal, built up in layers. Puddle has to be kept wet in order to remain waterproof so it is important for canals to be kept filled with water. The clay is laid down with a tool called a 'punner', or 'pun', a large rectangular block on a handle about 5 feet (1.5 m) long, or trodden down, or compacted by some other means (e.g. by an excavator using
35-482: The natural foundation below the dam, the Pennines embankments generally constructed a puddle clay-filled cutoff trench in rock directly below the central core. Later construction often used concrete to fill the cutoff trench. To make puddle, clay or heavy loam is chopped with a spade and mixed into a plastic state with water and sometimes coarse sand or grit to discourage excavation by moles or water voles . The puddle
42-402: The use of rolled clay in the core, and better control of moisture content. A considerable number of early notable dams were built in that era and they are now sometimes referred to as the 'Pennines embankment' type. These dams are characterized by a slender vertical puddle clay core supported on both sides by earthfill shoulders of more heterogeneous material. To control under-seepage through
49-562: Was developed by early canal engineer James Brindley ; it is considered his greatest contribution to engineering. This processed material was used extensively in UK canal construction in the period starting circa 1780. Starting about 1840 puddle clay was used more widely as the water-retaining element (or core) within earthfill dams , particularly in the Pennines . Its usage in UK dams was superseded about 1960 by
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