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77-573: The Wende Museum is an art museum , historical archive of the Cold War , and center for creative community engagement in Culver City, California . Wende (pronounced “venda”) is a German word that translates into English as “transformation.” It commonly refers to the era of uncertainty and possibility leading up to and following the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the subsequent dissolution of

154-470: A sword , could be hired from shops outside. The treasuries of cathedrals and large churches, or parts of them, were often set out for public display and veneration. Many of the grander English country houses could be toured by the respectable for a tip to the housekeeper, during the long periods when the family were not in residence. Special arrangements were made to allow the public to see many royal or private collections placed in galleries, as with most of

231-524: A bequest. The Kunstmuseum Basel , through its lineage which extends back to the Amerbach Cabinet , which included a collection of works by Hans Holbein the Younger and purchased by the city of Basel in 1661, is considered to be the first museum of art open to the public in the world. In the second half of the 18th century, many private collections of art were opened to the public, and during and after

308-449: A collaboration of museums and galleries that are more interested with the categorization of art. They are interested in the potential use of folksonomy within museums and the requirements for post-processing of terms that have been gathered, both to test their utility and to deploy them in useful ways. The steve.museum is one example of a site that is experimenting with this collaborative philosophy. The participating institutions include

385-454: A favorite of museum visitors, the office was viewed through a window from the library's courtyard. The pavilion will also allow for an interpretive exhibit describing the office. Funeral services for Truman were held in the Library auditorium and burial was in the courtyard. His wife, Bess Truman , was buried at his side in 1982. Their daughter, Margaret Truman Daniel , was a longtime member of

462-515: A film about Truman's life. The library's replica of the Oval Office is a feature that has been copied by the Johnson , Ford , Carter , Reagan , George H. W. Bush , Clinton , and George W. Bush libraries. In an educational program called The White House Decision Center , school students take on the roles of President Truman and his advisors facing real-life historical decisions in a recreation of

539-402: A foundation for programs that illuminate political and cultural changes of the past, offer opportunities to make sense of a changing present, and inspire active participation in personal and social change for a better future. The Wende aims to explore and inspire change through The Wende's collections are a resource for learning about the vanishing cultural, political, and artistic histories of

616-433: A major factor in social mobility (for example, getting a higher-paid, higher-status job). The argument states that certain art museums are aimed at perpetuating aristocratic and upper class ideals of taste and excludes segments of society without the social opportunities to develop such interest. The fine arts thus perpetuate social inequality by creating divisions between different social groups. This argument also ties in with

693-402: A number of online art catalogues and galleries that have been developed independently of the support of any individual museum. Many of these, like American Art Gallery, are attempts to develop galleries of artwork that are encyclopedic or historical in focus, while others are commercial efforts to sell the work of contemporary artists. A limited number of such sites have independent importance in

770-525: A substantial gift from East German leader Erich Honecker 's estate—and some 3,500 16mm documentary , animation , and educational films as well as home movies from the GDR. The museum contains large collections of furniture , flags and banners , commemorative plates, communist folk art , menus, family albums, and design items. In recent years, the museum has acquired collections of Hungarian Cold War era artworks and artifacts, Russian hippie materials from

847-411: Is a program series that presents lectures, panel discussions and interviews at the museum and online. Supported by Rick Feldman and Susan Horowitz, program highlights include the panel series “In Search of Our Times,” an analysis of our present day through the lens of history; the on-site and online interview series “Art-Past-Present” about the significance of history and memory in contemporary artwork; and

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924-666: Is generally considered to have been the first art museum in the United States. It was originally housed in the Renwick Gallery , built in 1859. Now a part of the Smithsonian Institution , the Renwick housed William Wilson Corcoran 's collection of American and European art. The building was designed by James Renwick Jr. and finally completed in 1874. It is located at 1661 Pennsylvania Avenue NW. Renwick designed it after

1001-559: Is provided by a dedicated print room located within the museum. Murals or mosaics often remain where they have been created ( in situ ), although many have also been removed to galleries. Various forms of 20th-century art, such as land art and performance art , also usually exist outside a gallery. Photographic records of these kinds of art are often shown in galleries, however. Most museums and large art galleries own more works than they have room to display. The rest are held in reserve collections , on or off-site. A sculpture garden

1078-557: Is similar to an art gallery, presenting sculpture in an outdoor space. Sculpture has grown in popularity with sculptures installed in open spaces on both a permanent and temporary basis. Most larger paintings from about 1530 onwards were designed to be seen either in churches or palaces, and many buildings built as palaces now function successfully as art museums. By the 18th century additions to palaces and country houses were sometimes intended specifically as galleries for viewing art, and designed with that in mind. The architectural form of

1155-502: Is to shape identity and memory, cultural heritage, distilled narratives and treasured stories. Many art museums throughout history have been designed with a cultural purpose or been subject to political intervention. In particular, national art galleries have been thought to incite feelings of nationalism . This has occurred in both democratic and non-democratic countries, although authoritarian regimes have historically exercised more control over administration of art museums. Ludwig Justi

1232-733: The Alte Pinakothek , Munich) was opened to the public in 1779 and the Medici collection in Florence around 1789 (as the Uffizi Gallery). The opening of the Musée du Louvre during the French Revolution in 1793 as a public museum for much of the former French royal collection marked an important stage in the development of public access to art by transferring the ownership to a republican state; but it

1309-625: The French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars , many royal collections were nationalized, even where the monarchy remained in place, as in Spain and Bavaria . In 1753, the British Museum was established and the Old Royal Library collection of manuscripts was donated to it for public viewing. In 1777, a proposal to the British government was put forward by MP John Wilkes to buy the art collection of

1386-738: The Guggenheim Museum in New York City by Frank Lloyd Wright , the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao by Frank Gehry , Centre Pompidou-Metz by Shigeru Ban , and the redesign of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art by Mario Botta . Some critics argue these galleries defeat their purposes because their dramatic interior spaces distract the eye from the paintings they are supposed to exhibit. Museums are more than just mere 'fixed structures designed to house collections.' Their purpose

1463-607: The Guggenheim Museum , the Cleveland Museum of Art , the Metropolitan Museum of Art , and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art . There are relatively few local/regional/national organizations dedicated specifically to art museums. Most art museums are associated with local/regional/national organizations for the arts , humanities or museums in general. Many of these organizations are listed as follows: Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum The library

1540-812: The International Spy Museum (Washington, D.C.), and the Getty Research Institute (Los Angeles). The Wende Museum's Historical Witness Project provides insight into life behind the Iron Curtain through the collection, preservation, and sharing of oral histories from people who lived in the former Eastern Bloc. Supported by Joel Aronowitz and Fiona Chalom, the project exists so that both historical witnesses and younger generations can encounter, reflect upon, and learn from personal testimonies that illuminate history as lived experience. In 2011, The Albanian Human Rights Project deposited its archive at

1617-540: The Late Medieval period onwards, areas in royal palaces, castles , and large country houses of the social elite were often made partially accessible to sections of the public, where art collections could be viewed. At the Palace of Versailles , entrance was restricted to people of certain social classes who were required to wear the proper apparel, which typically included the appropriate accessories, silver shoe buckles and

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1694-529: The National Museum of Western Art in Tokyo . The phrase "art gallery" is also sometimes used to describe businesses which display art for sale, but these are not art museums. Throughout history, large and expensive works of art have generally been commissioned by religious institutions or political leaders and been displayed in temples, churches, and palaces . Although these collections of art were not open to

1771-604: The Papacy , while the Vatican Museums , whose collections are still owned by the Pope, trace their foundation to 1506, when the recently discovered Laocoön and His Sons was put on public display. A series of museums on different subjects were opened over subsequent centuries, and many of the buildings of the Vatican were purpose-built as galleries. An early royal treasury opened to the public

1848-505: The museum 's own collection . It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art , art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts , music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections. An institution dedicated to

1925-553: The mystification of fine arts . Research suggests that the context in which an artwork is being presented has significant influence on its reception by the audience, and viewers shown artworks in a museum rated them more highly than when displayed in a "laboratory" setting Most art museums have only limited online collections, but a few museums, as well as some libraries and government agencies, have developed substantial online catalogues. Museums, libraries, and government agencies with substantial online collections include: There are

2002-520: The 1960s and 1970s, Polish solidarity materials, Soviet demilitarization albums, and artifacts from the now-shuttered KGB Espionage Museum . The museum's East German collections are the subject of a major publication, Beyond the Wall: Art and Artifacts from the GDR/ Jenseits der Mauer. Kunst und Alltagsgegenstände aus der DDR ( TASCHEN , 2014). In 2019, TASCHEN published a smaller second edition of

2079-401: The 1970s, a number of political theorists and social commentators have pointed to the political implications of art museums and social relations. Pierre Bourdieu , for instance, argued that in spite the apparent freedom of choice in the arts, people's artistic preferences (such as classical music, rock, traditional music) strongly tie in with their social position. So called cultural capital is

2156-671: The Cold War (September 20 - January 13, 2019) was organized in collaboration with the Wellcome Collection (London). The exhibition looked at the Cold War as “a war of the mind”, exploring the mutual suspicion, fear and mistrust between the Soviet Bloc and the West . Promote, Tolerate, Ban: Art and Culture in Cold War Hungary (May 20 – August 26, 2018) was a joint exhibition presented by

2233-495: The Cold War and the activities, behaviors, and opinions of those living during those tumultuous times. It traced the personal stories of four individuals and explored the complex, interconnected, and often contradictory nature of history. The Wall Project (November 8, 2009) commemorated the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall with the installation of ten original segments in front of 5900 Wilshire Boulevard. As part of

2310-646: The Getty Foundation for their Pacific Standard Time initiative to explore the intersection of art and science. The planned exhibition “Connected Dreamworlds” is slated for 2024. The Wende Museum has begun the expansion of its campus through the construction of the Glorya Kaufman Creative Community Center, a mixed-use space for culture, education, and social services, with programming and services provided by multiple Culver City community organizations working in partnership. The Wende Museum

2387-587: The Louvre's Tuileries addition. At the time of its construction, it was known as "the American Louvre". University art museums and galleries constitute collections of art developed, owned, and maintained by all kinds of schools, community colleges, colleges, and universities. This phenomenon exists in the West and East, making it a global practice. Although easily overlooked, there are over 700 university art museums in

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2464-711: The Marxist theory of mystification and elite culture . Furthermore, certain art galleries, such as the National Gallery in London and the Louvre in Paris are situated in buildings of considerable emotional impact. The Louvre in Paris is for instance located in the former Royal Castle of the ancient regime , and is thus clearly designed with a political agenda. It has been argued that such buildings create feelings of subjugation and adds to

2541-588: The Soviet Union in 1991. Embracing a spirit of continual transformation as part of its mission, the Wende aspires to reach beyond the conventional walls of a museum , placing equal value on international scholarship, community engagement, digital access, and wide-ranging experimentation. Founded in 2002, the Wende Museum holds one of the largest collections of art and artifacts from the Cold War era, which serves as

2618-588: The Truman Library Institute's board of directors. After her death in January 2008, Margaret's cremated remains and those of her late husband, Clifton Daniel (who died in 2000), were also interred in the Library's courtyard. The president's grandson, Clifton Truman Daniel, is currently honorary co-chair of the institute's board of directors. Two floors of exhibits show his life and presidency through photographs, documents, artifacts, memorabilia, film clips and

2695-526: The US alone. This number, compared to other kinds of art museums, makes university art museums perhaps the largest category of art museums in the country. While the first of these collections can be traced to learning collections developed in art academies in Western Europe, they are now associated with and housed in centers of higher education of all types. The word gallery being originally an architectural term,

2772-558: The United States to return to the multilateralist policies of Truman. The lead architect of the project was Edward F. Neild of Shreveport , Louisiana . Truman had picked Neild in the 1930s, during his time as presiding judge of Jackson County , to design the renovation of the old county courthouse in Independence and to oversee the construction of the new courthouse in Kansas City, after being favorably impressed by Neild's work on

2849-489: The Wende Museum and the Getty Research Institute (GRI) which combined their rich and complementary Hungarian collections to convey the story of Hungary's visual culture between the 1956 uprising in Budapest and the end of the regime in 1989. Cold War Spaces (November 19, 2017 - April 29, 2018) explored Cold War era Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union through the physical and ideological spatial relations and divisions of

2926-484: The Wende Museum, including more than 70 filmed interviews with survivors of political persecution in Albania. The museum's public programming and educational initiatives provide resources and opportunities for individuals to interpret the past and to discover the global implications of the Cold War today. The museum uses the Cold War as a lens to examine contemporary life and creative expression, and to draw parallels between

3003-601: The Wende" and monthly "Family Day at the Wende" workshops. (De)constructing Ideology: The Cultural Revolution and Beyond (November 13, 2022 – March 12, 2023) was the Wende's first exhibition focused on communist China, exploring the history and artistic production of the Cultural Revolution. The Medium is the Message: Flags and Banners (April 10, 2022 – October 23, 2022) combined Cold War-era political flags from communist countries and critical appropriations from

3080-433: The active lending-out of a museum's collected objects in order to enhance education at schools and to aid in the cultural development of individual members of the community. Finally, Dana saw branch museums throughout a city as a good method of making sure that every citizen has access to its benefits. Dana's view of the ideal museum sought to invest a wider variety of people in it, and was self-consciously not elitist. Since

3157-418: The art world. The large auction houses, such as Sotheby's , Bonhams , and Christie's , maintain large online databases of art which they have auctioned or are auctioning. Bridgeman Art Library serves as a central source of reproductions of artwork, with access limited to museums, art dealers , and other professionals or professional organizations. There are also online galleries that have been developed by

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3234-505: The book, The East German Handbook, featuring text in both English and German . The museum's collections have been exhibited in a number of other museums and institutions, including the Los Angeles County Museum of Art , Imperial War Museum (London), Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum (Independence, MO), Ronald Reagan Presidential Library (Simi Valley, CA), Gerald Ford Presidential Library (Ann Arbor, MI),

3311-490: The building to resemble his maternal grandfather Solomon Young's house in Grandview, Missouri . In response to a New York Times review that recalled Frank Lloyd Wright influences in the library's horizontal design, Truman was reported to have said, "It's got too much of that fellow in it to suit me." Architects Gould Evans designed a $ 23 million renovation of the entire facility, unveiled in 2001. The changes included

3388-520: The courthouse in his native Caddo Parish . Neild was also one of the architects involved in the reconstruction of the White House during Truman's presidency. Neild died July 6, 1955, at the Kansas City Club while working on the design. The work was completed by Alonzo H. Gentry of Gentry and Voskamp, the firm that designed Kansas City's Municipal Auditorium . Truman had initially wanted

3465-459: The crown prince, and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , the last Shah of Iran . He turned these items over to the National Archives and Records Administration as required by law, and they were displayed at the museum. According to the museum curator, they "had embedded diamonds and rubies and sapphires, a number of precious stones in their hilts and in their scabbards". In March 1978, burglars broached

3542-645: The display of art can be called an art museum or an art gallery, and the two terms may be used interchangeably. This is reflected in the names of institutions around the world, some of which are considered art galleries, such as the National Gallery in London and Neue Nationalgalerie in Berlin , and some of which are considered museums, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Modern Art in New York City and

3619-687: The display rooms in museums are often called public galleries . Also frequently, a series of rooms dedicated to specific historic periods (e.g. Ancient Egypt ) or other significant themed groupings of works (e.g. the gypsotheque or collection of plaster casts as in the Ashmolean Museum ) within a museum with a more varied collection are referred to as specific galleries, e.g. Egyptian Gallery or Cast Gallery . Works on paper, such as drawings , pastels , watercolors , prints , and photographs are typically not permanently displayed for reasons of conservation . Instead, public access to these materials

3696-690: The entire building solely intended to be an art gallery was arguably established by Sir John Soane with his design for the Dulwich Picture Gallery in 1817. This established the gallery as a series of interconnected rooms with largely uninterrupted wall spaces for hanging pictures and indirect lighting from skylights or roof lanterns . The late 19th century saw a boom in the building of public art galleries in Europe and America, becoming an essential cultural feature of larger cities. More art galleries rose up alongside museums and public libraries as part of

3773-475: The extensive use of glass in the relatively windowless structure and a significant change to the space between Truman's grave and the museum. Truman actively participated in the day-to-day operation of the Library, personally training museum docents and conducting impromptu "press conferences" for visiting school students. He frequently arrived before the staff and would often answer the phone to give directions and answer questions, telling surprised callers that he

3850-573: The facility and often worked there five or six days a week. In the office, he wrote articles, letters, and his book Mr. Citizen . In 2007, the Truman Library Institute announced a $ 1.6 million preservation and restoration of his working office to preserve the artifacts it contains and allow for easier public viewing. The three-stage project completed in 2009 and features an enclosed limestone pavilion for better access and viewing and an updated climate control system. The office appears today just as it did when Harry Truman died on December 26, 1972. Long

3927-847: The former East Bloc countries and the Soviet Union , as well as countries with a history of socialism including China , Vietnam , and North Korea . The Wende supports emerging fields of aesthetic and academic study in visual and material culture studies as well as cultural history . The museum promotes a multi-layered exploration and discussion of the Cold War era on a global scale. The collection focuses on: The collection ranges from consumer products (e.g., computers , radios , records , toiletries , foodstuff ) to works of modern and contemporary art in all media (e.g., paintings , drawings , sculptures , graphics , photographs ), iconic political symbols (e.g., statuary , medals , flags , uniforms , commemorative gifts), and archives—including

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4004-484: The founder of the Newark Museum , saw the traditional art museum as a useless public institution, one that focused more on fashion and conformity rather than education and uplift. Indeed, Dana's ideal museum would be one best suited for active and vigorous use by the average citizen, located near the center of their daily movement. In addition, Dana's conception of the perfect museum included a wider variety of objects than

4081-510: The front door of the museum, smashed showcases, and stole the three swords and two daggers, which were valued at US$ 1 million at that time. None of the stolen items have been recovered. In 2021, the FBI offered a reward of up to $ 1 million for return of the items. On December 11, 2006, Kofi Annan gave his final speech as Secretary-General of the United Nations at the library, where he encouraged

4158-424: The general public, they were often made available for viewing for a section of the public. In classical times , religious institutions began to function as an early form of art gallery. Wealthy Roman collectors of engraved gems and other precious objects, such as Julius Caesar , often donated their collections to temples. It is unclear how easy it was in practice for the public to view these items. In Europe, from

4235-681: The late Sir Robert Walpole , who had amassed one of the greatest such collections in Europe , and house it in a specially built wing of the British Museum for public viewing. After much debate, the idea was eventually abandoned due to the great expense, and twenty years later, the collection was bought by Tsaritsa Catherine the Great of Russia and housed in the State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg . The Bavarian royal collection (now in

4312-553: The metamorphosis of household and consumer goods from objects of everyday life to items in a museum collection, by way of flea markets. The Medea Insurrection (November 9, 2019 – April 5, 2020) was the first major exhibition on critical, countercultural , and dissident women artists in Eastern Europe during the Cold War era. Conceptualized and curated by Susanne Altmann for the Albertinum (Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden), it

4389-562: The monarch, and the first purpose-built national art galleries were the Dulwich Picture Gallery , founded in 1814 and the National Gallery, London opened to the public a decade later in 1824. Similarly, the National Gallery in Prague was not formed by opening an existing royal or princely art collection to the public, but was created from scratch as a joint project of some Czech aristocrats in 1796. The Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.

4466-513: The municipal drive for literacy and public education. Over the middle and late twentieth century, earlier architectural styles employed for art museums (such as the Beaux-Arts style of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City or the Gothic and Renaissance Revival architecture of Amsterdam's Rijksmuseum) succumbed to modern styles , such as Deconstructivism . Examples of this trend include

4543-463: The museum in March 1962. That November, burglars stole the entire collection. None of the stolen coins have been recovered. Snyder helped coordinate an effort among 147 coin collectors to reconstruct the collection, which went back on display in 1967, at a ceremony attended by Truman. While serving as president, Truman had received gifts of jewel encrusted swords and daggers from Saud of Saudi Arabia , then

4620-674: The online discussion series “Cold War Spaces,” which uses space as a gateway to Cold War cultural history. The Wende Museum has developed a calendar of online programs including the "Art Past Present" discussion series and the "Cold War Spaces" talks. Past "Cold War Spaces" topics have included Private Space in the Soviet Union , Queer Spaces in East Germany , Community Space: Multimedia Art and African American Community Formation in LA , and Aesthetic Space: Artistic Interpretations of Cold War History. Other ongoing programs include "Friday Night Films at

4697-411: The only living former president other than President Truman), Chief Justice Earl Warren , and former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt . Here, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Medicare Act on July 30, 1965. The museum has been victimized by significant burglaries twice. John Wesley Snyder , Truman's Treasury Secretary and close friend, donated his personal collection of 450 rare coins to

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4774-416: The paintings of the Orleans Collection , which were housed in a wing of the Palais-Royal in Paris and could be visited for most of the 18th century. In Italy, the art tourism of the Grand Tour became a major industry from the 18th century onwards, and cities made efforts to make their key works accessible. The Capitoline Museums began in 1471 with a donation of classical sculpture to the city of Rome by

4851-520: The past and the present day. Music at the Wende is a free concert series in which musical organizations present programs inspired by the Wende's mission. Launched in October 2018, Music at the Wende has been held for two seasons and included performances by (Monday) Evening Concerts, Jacaranda Music , Delirium Musicum, Hear Now, Kamau Daáood and A Band of Griots, Piano Spheres, SASSAS , the Long Beach Opera , Polyphony, Classical Underground, wasteLAnd, and Beth Morrison Projects . Wende Conversations

4928-546: The period with contemporary artworks. Soviet Jewish Life (November 14, 2021 – March 20, 2022) was an exploration of Jewish life in the Soviet Union, focusing on the Refuseniks and on the underground publication and distribution of samizdat materials banned by the authorities. Questionable History (November 14, 2021 – March 20, 2022) invited visitors to ask questions about curatorial decisions, exploring how our contemporary moment informs views of history. Transformations (October 4, 2020 – October 24, 2021) presented

5005-519: The project, four artists—Marie Astrid González, Farrah Karapetian , Thierry Noir , and Kent Twitchell —were invited to paint the original segments and a temporary replica was painted by the artist Shepard Fairey and others during an event titled "The Wall Across Wilshire" that closed down Wilshire Boulevard and temporarily divided Los Angeles. In 2021, the Wende Museum announced that it was one of 45 cultural, educational, and scientific institutions throughout Southern California to receive support from

5082-416: The state-run, monopoly news agency of the German Democratic Republic. The guardhouse now plays host to installations that explore how a site of control can be reimagined by contemporary artists as a tool for critically examining our contemporary relationship to open communication and state power. Art museum An art museum or art gallery is a building or space for the display of art , usually from

5159-473: The time. Competing Utopias (July 13 to September 13, 2014) was organized in collaboration with the Neutra VDL Studio and Residences . The exhibition was an experimental installation of East German modernist interior design objects from the Wende Museum's collection within the VDL Research House, an iconic mid-century example of California architecture by Austrian-American architect Richard Neutra . Deconstructing Perestroika (January 28 - May 6, 2012)

5236-399: The traditional art museum, including industrial tools and handicrafts that encourage imagination in areas traditionally considered mundane. This view of the art museum envisions it as one well-suited to an industrial world, indeed enhancing it. Dana viewed paintings and sculptures as much less useful than industrial products, comparing the museum to a department store. In addition, he encouraged

5313-403: Was a continuation of trends already well established. The building now occupied by the Prado in Madrid was built before the French Revolution for the public display of parts of the royal art collection, and similar royal galleries were opened to the public in Vienna , Munich and other capitals. In Great Britain, however, the corresponding Royal Collection remained in the private hands of

5390-416: Was adapted by the Wende Museum for its Culver City location. Upside-Down Propaganda: The Art of North Korean Defector Sun Mu (February 10 - June 2, 2019) was the first U.S. museum exhibition of North Korean dissident artist Sun Mu . The exhibition featured paintings in the style of propaganda posters that satirically portrayed the politics of North Korea. War of Nerves: Psychological Landscapes of

5467-417: Was an exhibition organized in collaboration with the Craft and Folk Art Museum in Los Angeles which featured 24 original, hand-painted poster designs by 13 artists in response to Mikhail Gorbachev 's transformative policies of Glasnost and Perestroika in the late 1980s. Facing the Wall (January 2009 – June 2017) was a long-term installation that reflected upon larger issues of the human impact of

5544-686: Was built with private funds raised by the Harry S. Truman Library Inc., with Truman himself contributing greatly to the fundraising effort by "attending dinners, making speeches around the country, and writing thousands of letters". Built on a hill overlooking the Kansas City skyline, on land donated by the City of Independence, it was dedicated July 6, 1957. The ceremony included the Masonic Rites of Dedication and attendance by former President Herbert Hoover (then

5621-554: Was for example dismissed as director of the Alte Nationalgalerie (Old National Gallery) in Berlin in 1933 by the new Nazi authorities for not being politically suitable. The question of the place of the art museum in its community has long been under debate. Some see art museums as fundamentally elitist institutions, while others see them as institutions with the potential for societal education and uplift. John Cotton Dana , an American librarian and museum director, as well as

5698-472: Was founded in 2002 by Justinian Jampol , a native of Los Angeles and scholar of modern European history. The museum was housed for more than a decade in an office park . In November 2012, the City Council of Culver City voted unanimously to approve a 75-year lease of the former United States National Guard Armory building on Culver Boulevard as the permanent location of the Wende Museum. The Armory building

5775-587: Was originally constructed in 1949 as the Cold War began to escalate, and was decommissioned in March 2011. Following renovations, the Wende Museum opened to the public at the Armory site in November 2017, designed in a spirit of transparency. The one-acre campus includes a former East German guardhouse that once monitored and controlled access to the Allgemeiner Deutscher Nachrichtendienst (ADN),

5852-556: Was the Green Vault of the Kingdom of Saxony in the 1720s. Privately funded museums open to the public began to be established from the 17th century onwards, often based around a collection of the cabinet of curiosities type. The first such museum was the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford , opened in 1683 to house and display the artefacts of Elias Ashmole that were given to Oxford University in

5929-611: Was the "man himself." His visitors included incumbent Presidents Eisenhower , Kennedy , Johnson , and Nixon , former President Hoover, Jack Benny , Ginger Rogers , Robert F. Kennedy , Thomas Hart Benton , and Dean Acheson . When Truman left the White House in 1953, he established an office in Room 1107 of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City at 925 Grand Avenue. When the library opened in 1957, he transferred his office to

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