41-501: The Weekly Chronicle was a London newspaper, in existence from 18 September 1836 to 21 December 1867. It went under the title Weekly News and Chronicle from June 1851 to December 1854. Reverting then to the original title, it was the Weekly Chronicle and Register from December 1855. The MP Henry George Ward bought the paper in 1837 from its founders Charles Buller and Henry Cole , and used it to campaign for his views. It
82-547: A cornet in the 10th Hussars, but resigned in 1811. Following his father's death in 1797, he inherited an immense fortune, derived largely from mining on lands surrounding Lambton Castle , the ancestral family home in County Durham , which formed the basis of Lambton Collieries . Other properties in County Durham included Dinsdale Park and Low Dinsdale Manor . . In 1821, Lambton earned the epithet "Jog Along Jack" after he
123-541: A British Whig statesman, colonial administrator, Governor General and high commissioner of British North America . A leading reformer, Lord Durham played a major role in the passage of the Reform Bill of 1832 . He later served as ambassador to Russia. He was a founding member and chairman of the New Zealand Company that played a key role in the colonisation of New Zealand. George Woodcock wrote Lord Durham
164-476: A balanced view of the prospects for the country, formally independent from Spain in 1821. He gave an analysis of Mexico's mines, and was rather negative about the competence of William Bullock who had a mining concession from the Mexican government. He was also critical of attempts to finance pearl diving . In The First Step to a Poor Law for Ireland (1837), Ward argued that large-scale emigration, sponsored by
205-586: A modified form of responsible government and a legislative union of Upper Canada, Lower Canada and the Maritime Provinces in order to assimilate the French Canadians, whom he considered inferior. Lord Durham is lauded by some Canadian historians for his recommendation to introduce responsible government, which the British government did not accept. It took ten more years before a responsible parliament
246-563: A more Radical complexion. On the same day Lord Ripon , Edward Stanley , Sir James Graham , and the Duke of Richmond resigned office because they could not support the appointment of an Irish church commission. Ward had given notice of the motion, but behind the scenes, the Cabinet could not agree on a common approach, and a number of them had audiences with the King. A group around Edward Ellice saw this as
287-492: A notebook with sketches of their journey in Mexico, publishing them as illustrations in her husband's future book and also travel writings under her own name. Their son, Charles Dudley Robert Ward , was born at sea when they returned to England in 1827. Three more children were born soon thereafter: Jane Hamilton Julia Ward (1829–1901), Swinburne Ward (1830–1885), and Emily Rohesia Ward Lowry (1831–1916). Emily and Henry ended up with
328-612: A period in which he had put his own finances on a sounder basis, he lost heavily in the Railway Mania of 1846. Those close to the family believed he had dissipated the large fortune that had come from his Plumer stepmother. In May 1849 Ward was appointed Lord High Commissioner to the Ionian Islands , a post he held until 1855. The islands were then under the protection of the British Crown. He arrived at Corfu on 2 June 1849, found
369-453: A publication now in the public domain : " Ward, Henry George ". Dictionary of National Biography . London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham John George Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham , GCB , PC (12 April 1792 – 28 July 1840), also known as "Radical Jack" and commonly referred to in Canadian history texts as Lord Durham , was
410-555: A total of ten children born between 1825 and 1839. During a period of unrest in 1831 he raised the Gilston Troop of Hertfordshire Yeomanry Cavalry at Gilston Park . He used his political connections to prevent the troop from being either incorporated into the South Hertfordshire Yeomanry Cavalry or disbanded, and it survived as an independent unit until its disbandment in 1842. In December 1832 Ward entered
451-480: A yearly resolution. The first occasion for this motion, that "the protestant episcopal establishment in Ireland exceeds the spiritual wants of the protestant population", was 27 May 1834, and it was particularly significant in British politics: it was brought at a time when the cabinet of Earl Grey was deeply divided on Irish issues. The timing owed to the prompting of Lord Durham , who wished to see an administration of
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#1732898639569492-613: The City of Westminster ). His mother was Lady Anne Barbara Frances, daughter of George Bussy Villiers, 4th Earl of Jersey . He was christened with the names of his grandfathers, John Lambton and George Villiers. At the time of his birth, his father was taking part in the formation and chairing of the Society of the Friends of the People . After attending Eton College , Lambton joined the army in 1809 as
533-703: The Indian rebellion of 1857 he despatched all the European troops in the colony to Bengal . He succeeded Sir Charles Trevelyan as Governor of Madras in June 1860 but served in that capacity only for a few weeks until his death from cholera on 2 August, aged 63. He is buried in St. Mary's Church , Madras. Ward was made a G.C.M.G. in 1849. A statue was erected to him at Kandy . Ward published two books about Mexico, illustrated by his wife. In Mexico in 1827 (1828) he tried to present
574-685: The Upper Canada Rebellion of William Lyon Mackenzie , which had occurred in 1837. His decisions with regard to the Rebellion prisoners encountered stiff opposition at Westminster. He lost the support of the Prime Minister, Melbourne , whereupon he published his repudiation and resignation 9 October 1838 and set sail for London on 1 November. Lord Durham's detailed Report on the Affairs of British North America (London, January 1839) recommended
615-716: The British legation at Stockholm , under Sir Edward Thornton . He was transferred to The Hague in 1818, and to Madrid in 1819. He was appointed joint commissioner to Mexico in October 1823, and returned to England in 1824 and he married Emily Elizabeth Swinburne in London on 8 April. Emily was the daughter of Emma Bennett and Sir John Swinburne, 6th Baronet . The Wards went together to Mexico in 1825, as chargé d'affaires , and two daughters were born there: Francess Guadalupe Filpe Maria Ward Butler (1825–1913) and Georgina Katherine Petronilla Ward (1826–1902). During this time, Emily Ward kept
656-925: The Court of Russia' in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1833', expresses her hopes that Lord Durham be able to persuade the Russians to return to Poland its lost freedom and sovereignty. Names given in honour of the Earl include Lambton County, Ontario , Lambton, Toronto (including Lambton Mills , Lambton Mills Cemetery and Lambton House ), Lambton Avenue in Toronto, Lord Durham Public School (Ajax, Ontario, closed), Lambton, Québec , Lambton Quay , Lambton Ward and Lambton Harbour in Wellington in New Zealand, and Durham Heights and Cape Lambton (both in
697-560: The House forced de facto reestablishment of French as a language of Parliament. Once responsible government was achieved (1848), French Canadians in Canada East succeeded by voting as a bloc in ensuring that they were powerfully represented in any cabinet, especially as the politics of Canada West was highly factional. The resulting deadlock between Canada East and West led to a movement for federal rather than unitary government, which resulted in
738-575: The House of Commons, elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for St Albans , and sitting for that seat until 1837; and then for Sheffield from 1837 to 1849. His reputation was as an advanced liberal, and he regarded classical economics as authoritative, as witnessed by his opposition to the Ten Hours Bill . Ward's career in Parliament was marked by his hostility to the Church of Ireland , on which he moved
779-412: The House was not convinced of the practicality of further schemes and disliked the expense. In the days of early speculation, Ward was very involved with railway enterprises. He spoke in Parliament about the detrimental effect of the seekers of stag profit who invested, often fraudulently, in public offerings of railway shares; he put a figure of only 40% on the allocation to "genuine" investors. After
820-606: The cabinet in 1833. Later that year he was further honoured, made Viscount Lambton and Earl of Durham . Between 1835 and 1837, he served as Ambassador to Russia . While in Russia, he was invested as a Knight of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky , of the Order of St. Andrew and of the Order of St. Anna . In 1837, he was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath . In 1838, Lord Durham
861-551: The colonisation aims and methods of Edward Gibbon Wakefield ; and was a committee member of the South Australian Association set up in 1834 by Wakefield, with Buller and Grote, and also William Clay , Rowland Hill , William Molesworth , Southwood Smith , Henry Warburton and William Wolryche-Whitmore . Ward chaired the 1836 select committee on Disposal of Lands in the British Colonies. The other members of
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#1732898639569902-422: The committee were Francis Baring , Henry Lytton Bulwer , William Ewart Gladstone , George Grey , William Hutt , John Arthur Roebuck , and George Poulett Scrope . Eleven witnesses were called, but the colonists were not well represented among them, and Wakefield was given a platform for his views. The committee's report was in effect an endorsement of the "Wakefield system" and its recent implementation. Ward
943-564: The creation of confederation , a federal state known as the Dominion of Canada, incorporating New Brunswick and Nova Scotia , and dividing the United Canadas into two provinces, Ontario (Canada West) and Quebec (Canada East), in 1867. Lord Durham was twice married. He fell in love with Harriet Cholmondeley , the illegitimate daughter of the Earl of Cholmondeley , but then aged under 21 and refused
984-472: The local assembly unworkable and prorogued it. On 1 August 1849, he proclaimed an amnesty to those who had taken part in the rebellion in Cephalonia against his predecessor, Lord Seaton . By the end of August, there was a fresh insurgency; he went to Cephalonia, and suppressed it by October, using a large number of hangings and floggings. His actions were criticised in the House of Commons. The rest of his time
1025-583: The occasion for Stanley and Graham to quit the administration. The outcome was only resolved late in the evening when Stanley and Graham were already gone, and the Marquess of Lansdowne threatened to resign himself unless Viscount Althorp did as he was told by Grey, moving an adjournment of the motion in the Commons, while proposing an enquiry into the Irish church. On 2 June Ward's motion was voted down by 396 to 120. Ward
1066-643: The political situation there after the Rebellions of 1837 in Upper Canada ( Ontario ) and Lower Canada ( Quebec ) and recommendations as to necessary reforms. Lord Durham and his longtime colleague Edward Gibbon Wakefield arrived in Lower Canada on 29 May 1838. One of his tasks as governor general was to investigate the circumstances surrounding the Lower Canada Rebellion of Louis-Joseph Papineau and
1107-495: The required permission by his guardians to marry her, they married at Gretna Green on 1 January 1812, then in an Anglican ceremony at her father's estate of Malpas, Cheshire , on 28 January that year. They had three daughters, who all predeceased him: After Harriet's death in July 1815, he married secondly Lady Louisa Grey, daughter of Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey , on 9 December 1816 at Lord Grey's estate, Howick, Northumberland . She
1148-532: The state, was a precondition for the introduction of the workhouse system in Ireland. A volume of his Speeches and Minutes in Ceylon appeared at Colombo in 1864. Ward married, in 1824, Emily Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Swinburne, 6th Baronet , of Capheaton Hall . Their eldest son, Dudley Ward , became a judge in New Zealand, and the second son, Swinburne Ward was a diplomat and amateur naturalist. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from
1189-557: Was First Secretary of the Admiralty from 1846 to 1849. He spoke in Parliament in defence of William Symonds , attacked in 1848 by the Radical MPs John MacGregor and Joseph Hume on grounds of profligate expenditure, putting the case that dockyard spending had seen retrenchment. Ward bought from Charles Buller and Henry Cole the loss-making Weekly Chronicle , and used it to campaign for his views. Ward supported
1230-497: Was "proud, wayward, immensely rich, with romantic good looks and an explosive temper", one of those "natural rebels who turn their rebellious energies to constructive purposes. Both at home and abroad he became a powerful exponent of the early nineteenth-century liberal spirit." Lambton was born 12 April 1792 in the house of his father William Henry Lambton at 14 Berkeley Square in St George Hanover Square (now within
1271-569: Was also on the committee of the New Zealand Association set up in 1837, with a number of the same people; and brought resolutions to Parliament on colonisation in June 1839. The initiative then floundered in the face of opposition from Lord John Russell and Robert Vernon Smith in the Commons, and from Tories, with widespread indifference. Ward and Hutt supported William Smith O'Brien on colonisation in Wakefield's style in June 1840, but
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1312-481: Was an English diplomat, politician, and colonial administrator. He was the son of Robert Ward (who in 1828 changed his surname by sign manual to Plumer Ward) and his first wife Catherine Julia Maling, daughter of Christopher Thompson Maling of West Herrington , County Durham; and the cousin of William Ward and William George Ward . He was born in London on 27 February 1797. Educated at Harrow School , and sent abroad to learn languages, he became in 1816 attaché to
1353-635: Was an amateur artist. They had two sons and three daughters: Lord Durham died at Cowes on the Isle of Wight in July 1840, aged 48, and was buried at St Mary and St Cuthbert, Chester-le-Street . He was succeeded by his eldest and only surviving son, George. The Countess of Durham only survived her husband by a year and died aged 44 on 26 November 1841 at Genoa from a serious cold. In one of her occasional political forays, Letitia Elizabeth Landon in her poetical illustration to Sir Thomas Lawrence 's portrait, 'The Right Honourable Lord Durham. Now on an Embassy at
1394-550: Was asked what he considered an adequate income for an English gentleman and replying that "a man might jog along comfortably enough on £40,000 a year". Lambton supported educational projects such as the Mechanics' Institutes and the newly founded University of London . In 1825 Lambton took the chairmanship of the New Zealand Company , a venture that made the first attempt to colonise New Zealand, with his interest being philanthropic. The venture failed at colonisation. Lambton
1435-443: Was established in the colonies. Colonial legislatures had existed in the two Canadas since 1791 but were toothless compared to appointed colonial administrators. Lord Durham is less well regarded for recommending the union of Upper and Lower Canada, which resulted in the creation of the united Province of Canada . As early as 1844, Lord Durham's intended policy of assimilation faced setbacks, as Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine 's party in
1476-575: Was first elected to Parliament for County Durham in the general election of 1812 , a seat he held until 1828, when he was raised to the peerage as Baron Durham , of the City of Durham and of Lambton Castle in the County Palatine of Durham. In Parliament he supported liberal causes, from the defence of Queen Caroline to the removal of political disabilities on Dissenters and Roman Catholics. When his father-in-law Lord Grey became prime minister in 1830, he
1517-574: Was loss-making at the original cover price of 3 d .; Ward raised that to 4 d . and then 6 d . During the Chartist movement of 1838–39, Ward used the Weekly Chronicle to take the line in February 1839 that the agitation was failing, and its supporters would do better to rally behind Lord Durham . Henry George Ward Sir Henry George Ward GCMG (27 February 1797 – 2 August 1860)
1558-414: Was more peaceful, but Ward used his prerogative powers to freely banish newspaper editors of papers and members of the assembly. He left on 13 April 1855. Ward on 11 May 1855 became governor of Ceylon . His first speech, that year, dealt with railways; he developed also economic policy on communications and telegraphy, and immigrant labour. He also consolidated the public administration. On the outbreak of
1599-513: Was named Governor General and High Commissioner for British North America (several North American colonies administered collectively by the Colonial Office , including: the Provinces of Lower Canada and Upper Canada , Nova Scotia , New Brunswick , and their several Dependencies, Newfoundland , Prince Edward Island , Cape Breton and Bermuda ). A main task set for him was to investigate
1640-403: Was strongly opposed to Chartism , which he saw starkly in terms of class conflict ; but also took up the cause of the secret ballot , one Chartist demand. George Grote had introduced a motion on it in 1833, and up to 1839 there had been increasing support, with Thomas Babington Macaulay arguing on its side. Ward continued the series of motions in 1842, when Grote no longer was an MP. Ward
1681-505: Was sworn into the Privy Council and appointed Lord Privy Seal . Along with Lord Russell he was a leading promoter of reform. He helped draft the famous Reform Bill of 1832 . It reformed the electoral system by abolishing tiny districts, gave representation to cities, gave the vote to small landowners, tenant farmers, and shopkeepers and to householders who paid a yearly rental of £10 or more and some lodgers. Lord Durham resigned from